Opportunities For Interaction Research Articles

Technology-Facilitated Oral English Learning Among Chinese University Students: ChatGPT as the Digital Future

In the digital age, the quest to improve oral English proficiency among Chinese university students has led to the exploration of innovative solutions, with ChatGPT emerging as a promising tool. This paper explores the integration of ChatGPT into English language learning with the aim of overcoming the traditional barriers faced by learners. The comprehensive analysis of this study shows that ChatGPT, powered by advanced Natural Language Processing and Large Language Model technologies, significantly improves speaking skills by providing personalised, interactive practice opportunities. The findings suggest that while ChatGPT has the potential to revolutionise traditional learning methods and democratise language learning, its full potential can only be realised when integrated into holistic learning strategies that also emphasise speaking and listening skills. The study highlights the importance of addressing the limitations and ethical considerations of ChatGPT to ensure that it complements human teaching methods, thereby enhancing the overall learning experience. The implications of this research go beyond the academic, offering insights into pedagogical innovation and the future of language education in a technology-driven world.

#2465 How do renal clinicians present treatment options to older patients with advanced kidney disease and what difference does it make?

Abstract Background and Aims For older people with kidney failure, especially those with comorbidities or poor performance status, the survival benefits of dialysis are uncertain and its quality of life impact greatest. Conservative kidney management (CKM) can be a beneficial alternative. However, there is significant variation in treatment rates among older patients with kidney failure; the CKMAPPS study [1] found rates of older people receiving dialysis ranged from 5-95% across UK renal units. How clinicians communicate about treatment options influences patients’ decision-making, but this has been under-researched. The OSCAR study (Optimising Staff-Patient Communication in Advanced Renal disease) aimed to describe how kidney failure treatment options are presented by renal clinicians to older people (age 65+) with advanced chronic kidney disease (eGFR ≤20 mls/min/1.73 m2 within the last 6 months) and the implications of this for patient engagement with the decision. Method Outpatient consultations between doctors/nurses and eligible patients were recorded at 4 UK renal units with varying rates of CKM. Recorded consultations were screened to identify cases where clinicians presented treatment options for advanced kidney disease. Consultations where clinicians presented both dialysis and CKM were transcribed and analysed in detail using Conversation Analysis, focused on how dialysis and CKM were framed. Post-consultation, patients completed the Shared Decision-Making Questionnaire (SDM-Q-9). Comparisons were made between groups according to how treatment options were presented, using a non-parametric Median Test. Results A total of 110 outpatient consultations were recorded (104 audiovisual, 6 audio). Recordings included 38 doctors and nurses and 94 patients; mean patient age 77 (65-97), 33 female/61 male, mean eGFR 15 (range 4-23). Sequences where clinicians presented both dialysis and CKM as treatment options were analysed (n = 21). Two approaches to presenting CKM were identified: 1) CKM as a main option (n = 6; see Fig. 1), 2) CKM as a subordinate option (n = 15; see Fig. 2). The mean consultation length was the same in both groups (23 mins). Recurrent features of the first approach included: framing CKM as having potential personal benefits to the patient; explicitly labelling it as a treatment option; not framing it as an option preferred by or relevant to only a minority of patients. In contrast, when CKM was presented as a subordinate option, recurrent features included: framing CKM as not having benefit to the patient; not explicitly labelling CKM as a treatment option; appending CKM to the main decision-making sequence; framing CKM as an option only chosen by a minority of patients. Presenting CKM as a main option alongside dialysis was a less common approach (n = 6 vs. n = 15), but associated with more interactional opportunities for patients to ask questions about CKM, assert their perspective, and assess CKM as a relevant option, as well as significantly higher patient ratings of shared decision-making (total SDM-Q-9 score, p = 0.041). Conclusion This is the first fine-grained analysis of the relationship between the conversational practices used by clinicians and their impact on patient engagement with treatment options and ratings of shared decision-making. Despite evidence that dialysis does not reliably extend older patients’ lives at acceptable costs to quality of life, we found that clinicians tend to present dialysis as the default treatment and CKM as subordinate, if at all. Our findings demonstrate that presenting treatment options is not enough; how clinicians present options has important implications for patient engagement in shared decision-making. To provide patients with the opportunity to evaluate CKM as a valid option requires clinicians to clearly detail the advantages and disadvantages of both treatments. Study findings will form the basis of a new communication training intervention for clinicians.

The design of opportunities for civil servants’ inter-departmental networking behavior

Extant research has identified individual, organizational, and environmental level attributes that shape the variation in public managers’ external networking behavior. It theorized that public managers’ networking behavior is instrumentally motivated by resource deficiencies. We postulate that beyond motivation, managers’ and civil servants’ networking behavior is shaped by the structuring of opportunities for interaction ensuing from HRM policies and the spatial design of government offices. Employing a mixed-method blend of survey and focus groups with low- and mid-level Israeli civil servants in the first eight years of employment, we analyze whether and how opportunities, ensuing from their mode of recruitment and training, mobility between departments, and work at geographically central government offices enable their exchange with colleagues from other departments. We further show that underlying the association between opportunities for interaction and external networking behavior is civil servants’ sense of shared language and outlook and trust-based relations.

Analysis of the Value of Educational Drama in Children’s Language Acquisition

With the reform and innovation of modern education, children's education is experiencing significant changes. As a kind of integrated teaching method of art and education, educational drama is introduced in China, which has a positive impact on children’s language acquisition and is worthy of further exploration and practice. The research covers three aspects, namely content, method, and aesthetic education, and believes that organizing corresponding activities can stimulate children's curiosity and desire to explore and provide them with new opportunities for communication, interaction, and practical exploration. Further research puts forward several feasible and effective strategies, through organizing multiple activities to enhance children’s aesthetic education based on drama art and innovating multiple forms to promote their growth. This effectively reflects the positive role of educational drama on children’s language acquisition.

Mining in Russia. Cryptocurrencies as investment

In modern conditions, when parity international financial and monetary relations are turning from traditional instruments of economic interaction into instruments of neocolonial political pressure and blackmail of economically strong countries against weaker ones, the need for a new global financial order and monetary standard, that would be independent of the will of any central bank, but with a value as reliable as that of modern fiat currencies, is increasingly realized. Today, the global economy feels the urgent need for fundamentally new opportunities for market interaction and monetary exchange. Cryptocurrencies have become such tools — electronic decentralized money issued by specific individuals in specialized open computer networks through the transformation of electricity into fixed computer codes. The process of such transformation is called mining, which uses ASIC miners as computer equipment to obtain cryptocurrency. The concept of cryptocurrencies and the specifics of investing in them are considered. The characteristic is presented of the current state and dynamics of the development of the crypto market. The possibilities and methods of forecasting the development of the cryptocurrency market are shown both using classical methods of economic forecasting and a fundamentally new methodology based on the current assessment of the psychological state of participants in the crypto market and their readiness to commit certain economic actions. An assessment is given of the possibilities of investing in mining as a technology for mining cryptocurrencies. Requirements to special mining equipment — ASIC miners — are described. An assessment is given of the prospects for the development of the crypto economy.

Local Variation in Feeding Ground Utilization of Dugongs (Dugong dugon) Across Two Intertidal Seagrass Beds in Talibong Island, Thailand

In this study, we describe the population characteristics and residency patterns of dugongs (Dugong dugon) across two intertidal seagrass beds in Talibong Island, Thailand: Site A, covering an area of 2.0 × 105 m2, and Site B, covering an area of 2.8 × 105 m2. Transect and individual identification surveys were conducted under clear water conditions using drones: 16 separate days over 11 months at Site A and 10 separate days over 3 months at Site B. Sixty-four individuals were identified from 180 videography sessions. The results confirmed at least two distinct patterns of seagrass habitat utilization among sites located approximately 5 km apart. Site A was characterized by a lower population density, higher year-round site fidelity, occupancy by relatively large individuals, and an absence of feeding aggregations. In contrast, Site B was characterized by a higher population density, lower site fidelity, occupancy by individuals with a wider range of body lengths, and the presence of feeding aggregations. The average population density at Site B was three to five times higher than that at Site A. Site A had a median nearest neighbor distance of 320 m with no significant bias in its distribution, whereas Site B had a median of 20 m with a significant bias. The mean site fidelity index for Site A (0.62 ± 0.08; n = 16) was significantly higher than that for Site B (0.39 ± 0.14; n = 10). Dugongs at Site A might have monopolized this site to some extent, while those at Site B might have benefited from increased opportunities for social interaction provided by aggregations. These findings highlight the importance of fine-scale monitoring of feeding ground utilization by dugongs, taking into consideration individual-specific details such as body lengths and resighting rates for a better understanding of their spatial distribution.

Oral proficiency gains of study abroad students before and during the COVID-19 pandemic

Oral proficiency gains of study abroad students before and during the COVID-19 pandemic

Using Project ECHO to deliver a tele-mentoring and teaching program on palliative care in South Asia: Interpretive description of participants' experiences with a community of practice for learning.

To explore the learning experiences of participants (learners and teachers), in a yearlong tele-teaching and mentoring program on pediatric palliative care, which was conducted using the Project ECHO (Extension for Community Healthcare Outcomes) model and consisted of 27 teaching and clinical case discussion sessions for palliative medicine residents in India and Bangladesh. The goal of the study is to explore how participation and learning is motivated and sustained for both residents and teachers, including the motivators and challenges to participation and learning in a novel online format. Qualitative interviews with ECHO participants, including learners and teachers were conducted. Interviews were recorded and transcribed. Thematic analysis of interview data was conducted within an interpretive description approach. Eleven physicians (6 residents, 5 teachers) participated in interviews. Key elements of the ECHO program which participants identified as supporting learning and participation include small group discussions, a flipped classroom, and asynchronous interactions through social media. Individual learner characteristics including effective self-reflection and personal circumstances impact learning. Providing opportunities for a diverse group of learners and teachers, to interact in communities of practice (COP) enhances learning. Three major themes and 6 subthemes describing learning processes were identified. Themes included (1) ECHO program structure, (2) learner characteristics, and (3) COP. Subthemes included flipped classroom, breakout rooms, learning resources, personal circumstances, self-awareness of learning needs, and community interactions. Project ECHO suggests a novel model to train health providers, which is effective in low- and middle-income countries. Online learning programs can lead to learning through community of practice when learners and teachers are able to interact and engage in peer support and reflective practice. Educators should consider incorporating small group discussions, a flipped classroom design, and opportunities for asynchronous interactions to enhance learning for participants in online learning programs.

Exploring Norwegian teachers’ perceptions of shy students at recess and their strategic responses

ABSTRACT Recess (break times) during the school day offers children opportunities for peer interactions which enrich social development. For shy children, however, these periods can produce anxiety, leading to withdrawal and onlooker behaviour. The analysis reported here is from a national study of how Norwegian elementary school teachers support the engagement of shy children in school life. Nineteen teachers with recognised success with shy students were interviewed to elicit their interpretations of shy children’s behaviour and their strategies with them. Qualitative analyses found that these teachers recognised that recess was integral to creating inclusive schools, took the perspectives of shy children, and ascribed anxiety-related emotions to them. Teachers also mentioned that asking other children to include them in activities left shy children feeling pitied. However, giving designated roles to the child; allowing them to stay inside with friends to build real friendships; and starting playful activities with the child that attracted other children were all described as successful strategies.

Drama in the Science Classroom: Reimagining the Teaching of Natural and Life Sciences

The low levels of interest by students in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM)-related subjects and work is a challenge that needs to be resolved. And research has shown that arts-based, participatory, and humanistic methodologies-when integrated with the teaching of STEM subjects-have the potential to stimulate student interest, facilitate epistemological access, and hence, improve performance. Thus, in this self-study research paper, two science teacher educators share and reflect on their observations and experiences of using an arts-based teaching methodology (drama) in teaching science concepts and socio-scientific issues to pre-service teachers training to be high school teachers. Drama activities were used to teach the concepts of diffusion, DNA structure, meiosis, and a socio-scientific issue associated with albinism in African communities. Data were collected through the development of drama scripts, journaling observations, reflections, and discussions with a critical friend. Insights from the study show that the integration of drama into the science classroom creates opportunities for social interaction, for recognising students' active participation in their own learning, for power sharing, and for promoting engagement (cognitive, affective, and physical) that leads to the construction of new knowledge. In addition, drama pedagogy humanises science subject matter by showing its relevance and catering for varied learning styles. And drama ignites enthusiasm in students by invoking their innate sense of wonder. Consequently, adopting a STEAM (science, technology, engineering, arts, and mathematics) approach to teaching STEM subjects enriches epistemological access to scientific disciplines because such unconventional pedagogical strategies humanise abstract concepts, thereby increasing the likelihood of student success in these fields. There is, however, a need for heightened alertness in the teacher in order to pick up any misunderstandings and misconceptions about the science concepts that may manifest in the drama presentations.

Influences of Outdoor Experiences During Childhood on Time Spent in Nature as an Adult

IntroductionTime spent in nature provides myriad physical and mental health benefits for both adults and children. Despite these benefits, most people spend too little time in nature to realize the maximal effect. Different types of childhood experiences may have differential influence on adult time in nature. This study assessed the influences of different kinds of childhood outdoor experiences on time spent in nature as an adult. The first aim was to utilize 20 childhood nature experience items to construct summative scales. The second aim was to examine the influence of each scale and other factors on adult time in nature. MethodsA 2-factor scale measuring “wild” and “domesticated” childhood nature experiences was developed using principal and confirmatory factor analyses. An on-line study of 2,109 American adults was conducted. Multiple linear regression examined the influences of the two childhood nature experiences scales, attitude and self-efficacy scales, and sex and age covariates, on adult time spent in nature. ResultsSignificant predictors of adult time in nature were wild childhood nature experiences (β = 0.279, < 0.001), positive attitudes about nature (β = 0.12, p < 0.05), negative attitudes about nature (β = -0.23, p < 0.001) and self-efficacy (β = 0.71, p < 0.001). ConclusionsWild childhood nature experiences (e.g., camping, hiking, and fishing) that include skill-building, that are immersive and engaging, and that involve opportunity for social interaction may translate better into adult nature activities. Programs that introduce and support wild experiences may increase lifelong time spent in nature.

Examining the Quality of Learning Environment of Sandwich Programmes in Ghana: A Case of Institute of Education

This paper reports on a study that examined the quality of the learning environment of sandwich programmes in Ghana. The study used a sequential explanatory mixed method design and focused on tutors and 400 students of the programme. The Total Quality Management Theory, Expectation Confirmation/Disconfirmation Theory, Context, Input, Process, and Product Evaluation Model underpined the study. A disproportional stratified selection method was used to select 1,000 students and 50 tutors from each of the four teaching centres. While a purposive sampling method was employed to select 12 students and eight tutors involved in sandwich programmes for follow-up interviews. The data were collected using a questionnaire and an interview guide. The quantitative data was analysed using means and standard deviation, while the qualitative data were subjected to thematic analysis. These findings revealed that the tutors show concern for the welfare of the students and offer chances for student-teacher contact. However, big class sizes limit how much faculty can customise the learning environment. Also, students were friendly, helpful, cooperative, and supported one another during activities. The study recommended that the management of the Institute of Education and centre coordinators make every effort to secure spacious classrooms to help reduce large class sizes and increase opportunities for student-teacher interactions, cohesiveness, and students' participation in the classroom. In addition, tutors should foster an atmosphere that invites student interaction and identify students' strengths and weaknesses.

Seed-Bird co-occurrence networks in cocoa agroforests: Morphological matching analysis reveals shading effects on network organization

Tropical forests are highly vulnerable to ongoing deforestation, which often involves converting land for agricultural use. While tropical agroforests have been promoted as wildlife-friendly systems, limited information is available on the ability of agroforests to provide diverse fruits that attract birds and thus contribute to essential ecological processes, such as seed dispersal. Here, we evaluated the organization of tropical seed-bird co-occurrence networks in cocoa agroforests of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Specifically, we investigated the influence of (i) landscape and local predictors in shaping the structure of seed-bird co-occurrence networks; and (ii) species traits in explaining their interactive role in the networks. We constructed matrices of presence-absence interactions based on morphological matching among the beak width of frugivorous bird species and the size of ornithochorous seed species (both native and exotic species), using field data of seed rain and understory bird surveys from 15 cocoa agroforests. We further evaluated both the effects of landscape forest cover and local shading on five network indices and how functional traits of birds and seeds explain their importance to the network. In total, we obtained 467 events of potential plant-bird interactions, which revealed a modular pattern. We also observed that only canopy shading significantly affected network connectance, and seed diameter was a significant predictor in explaining tree species contribution in the network. Therefore, our findings show that cocoa agroforests with greater shading will have greater opportunities for interactions between frugivorous birds and plants. We also observed that plants with small seeds play a more relevant role in the co-occurrence interaction network. Based on findings, we emphasized that cocoa agroforests likely maintain certain mutualistic relationships to ensure ecosystem functionality and demonstrate that co-occurrence networks have great potential for future seed dispersal networks in agricultural ecosystems.

Timing of seasonal events is correlated with social network position in a wild mammal

Across animal systems, abiotic environmental features, including timing of seasonal events and weather patterns, affect fitness. An individual’s degree of social integration also has fitness consequences, but we lack an understanding of how abiotic features relate to patterns of individual sociality. A deeper understanding of this relationship could be developed from studying systems where these two links with fitness have already been identified. We explored the relationship between individual social behavior and seasonal timing, seasonal length, and weather patterns. We used social network analysis on a sixteen-year dataset of a wild population of hibernating yellow-bellied marmots (Marmota flaviventer). We fit a series of generalized linear mixed models and found that longer growing seasons before winter hibernation and longer winters were associated with increased individual sociality in the following spring. However, later snowmelt was associated with decreased sociality that spring. We found no relationship between individual sociality and various measures of precipitation and temperature. This suggests that seasonal timing and length may be a more important driver of sociality than weather patterns in this system, both as a lag and contemporary effect. Seasonal timing and length may mediate the opportunity or intensity of social interactions. The entwined relationships between the seasonal schedule and weather, and the seemingly contradictory role of winter length and snowmelt, suggests the timing of seasons and its relationship with sociality is complex and further exploration of environment-sociality relationships is required across taxa.Significance statementWhile the adaptive benefits of social behavior are well studied, less is known about how features of the abiotic environment drive variation in individual social behavior. Given increasing stochasticity in the timing of seasonal events and weather patterns, mapping the environment-sociality relationship will provide important insights to the drivers of sociality in the wild. This is particularly salient for species most vulnerable to climate and environmental change, such as seasonal hibernators, like yellow-bellied marmots (Marmota flaviventer). We found that features of seasonal duration were positively associated with increased sociality, whereas the timing of seasonal onset was negatively associated. This work provides empirical evidence towards an important gap in the behavioral ecology literature.

ВПРОВАДЖЕННЯ ТЕХНОЛОГІЇ МІКРОНАВЧАННЯ СТУДЕНТІВ-ЕКОНОМІСТІВ ЗА ДОПОМОГОЮ ОНЛАЙН-КУРСІВ

After the outbreak of the pandemic in 2019 and the outbreak of war in the country in 2022, educational institutions at different levels of Ukraine switched to a mixed format of the educational process and were forced to look for modern approaches and technologies for organizing the education of students. This study examines the implementation of microlearning technology using online courses developed on the Moodle platform. Microlearning is a modern learning technology that involves short, intensive training modules focused on the development of specific theoretical knowledge and practical skills. Available online courses, which provide the ability to create and deliver different types of educational content, focus mainly on the formation of necessary knowledge and skills of students, but do not take into account their individual needs and interests in the learning process, and pay little attention to their satisfaction with education in modern conditions. This article investigates the impact of microlearning technology using online courses on students' satisfaction with learning. To determine the level of student satisfaction, an online survey was conducted among 61 students enrolled in the specialty 051 "Economics" programs, which include Business Economics, International Economics, Economic Cybernetics, and Digital Economy, at the National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine. All these students were studying using microlearning technology with the use of online courses. As a result, that the level of student satisfaction with learning using this technology is most influenced by such factors as the availability of learning resources, consideration of individual abilities and needs in the online course, opportunities for interaction and communication with the teacher, as well as the format of learning materials and acquired knowledge. Accordingly, these factors should be taken into account when developing online courses and implementing microlearning technologies in the educational process.

The promise and perils of coworking in residential areas: a systematic review of health and community impacts

PurposeThis study aims to explore the manifold implications – health, environmental and economic – of integrating coworking spaces (CSs) into residential settings. The research emphasizes the health-related potential and connected benefits of situating these contemporary spaces of work in retrofitted buildings.Design/methodology/approachThe research highlights the potential of retrofitted buildings – owing to their urban locations, existing infrastructure, and available space – to accommodate CSs. Employing the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) methodology, the paper systematically reviews literature from 2010 to 2021. It investigates the influence of residential CSs on health, community cohesion and environmental sustainability.FindingsThe results indicate that integrating CSs within residential areas can significantly enhance user wellbeing, create a healthier residential environment and positively impact the broader community. Retrofitted buildings emerge as optimal venues for CSs due to their urban positioning and potential to contribute to users' physical, mental and social health. However, the strategic (re)use of retrofitted buildings is crucial, alongside planning to address potential downsides like gentrification.Research limitations/implicationsThe study is based on a literature review and may not fully capture the specificities of certain regional or local conditions that could affect the health benefits associated with CSs. In addition to that, the study primarily references European-centric research between 2010 and 2021, indicating a need for more diverse geographic and cultural studies. Further empirical studies are needed to validate the findings behind the following study.Practical implicationsThe findings of this study can guide urban planners, policymakers and architects in assessing the feasibility of converting residential buildings into CSs and planning relevant activities. They can leverage the potential health benefits to promote CSs and encourage healthier lifestyle practices in residential communities.Social implicationsIntroducing CSs in residential areas can lead to reduced commuting stress, opportunities for physical activities and social interactions, and healthier lifestyle practices. These benefits can enhance the overall well-being of individuals and communities, fostering a stronger social fabric in urban settings.Originality/valueThis research is novel in examining the health benefits associated with CSs in residential areas and the role of retrofitted buildings in promoting such advantages.

Challenges, Opportunities, and Recommendations for Sino-Thai Cross-Border Cultural Tourism Cooperation under the Belt and Road Initiative

The Belt and Road Initiative aims to promote cooperation in infrastructure construction, trade cooperation, cultural exchanges, and other aspects among the countries along the route. Over the past decade, the implementation of this initiative in Thailand has achieved remarkable results, injecting new vitality into Sino-Thai cultural exchanges. The implementation of visa exemption policies has made personnel exchanges between China and Thailand more convenient, providing new opportunities for cultural interactions. Cultural exchanges help to enhance the understanding and friendship between the peoples of the two countries, promoting cooperation in culture, education, and other aspects. As a key medium of cultural exchange, the tourism industry plays a very important role. This paper discusses the opportunities and challenges of Sino-Thai cross-border cultural tourism cooperation under the framework of the Belt and Road Initiative and proposes corresponding strategies. The aim is to help promote cultural exchanges and mutual learning, contributing to the construction of a closer Sino-Thai community of shared destiny.

The impact of out-of-school L2 input and interaction on adolescent classroom immersion and community-L2 learners’ L2 vocabulary: opportunities for interaction are key

Abstract Comparing young second-language (L2) learners in different learning contexts is a valuable, but under-researched, design for determining how L2 experiences impact L2 development. This study addressed this gap by comparing the out-of-school L2 experiences of adolescents (N = 64) learning L2-English as either a community majority language or as a foreign language in an immersion classroom, and examining how differences in L2 experience impacted English receptive vocabulary ability. Participant questionnaires yielded information on sources of L2 input and L2 interaction out-of-school. Results showed the groups were comparable for L2 input, but immersion learners experienced less interactional L2 use and also had significantly smaller L2 vocabularies. Out-of-school L2 experience explained more variance in receptive vocabulary for community-L2 participants, with more significant predictor variables than immersion-L2 participants. L2 interaction variables explained more variance than L2 input variables for both groups, indicating that, overall, interaction is a key source of L2 receptive vocabulary development.

Environmental Communication Challenges in The Development Process of the Ciletuh Palabuhanratu Geopark Area, Sukabumi Regency

Purpose: The purpose of this research is to Explaining the process of environmental communication dynamics in the Ciletuh Palabuhanratu Geopark area, explaining the dynamics of environmental communication in the Ciletuh Palabuhanratu Geopark area, formulating follow-up actions to environmental communication dynamics in the Ciletuh Palabuhanratu Geopark area, Sukabumi Regency. Method: The research methodology this study used qualitative research methods. Research with a qualitative paradigm is flexible and open by emphasizing inductive analysis (empirico inductive) (Suprayogo and Tabroni 2001: 161). Based on the research objectives to be achieved, this type of research is a case study type of research. This research is based on the type of case study, including the type of exploratory case study research. An exploratory approach seeks to find general information about a topic/problem that is not yet fully understood by researchers. In this research, the data collected consists of primary data and secondary data. Primary data sources are objects observed directly in the field and data obtained through interviewed informants. In this research, informants came from four sub-districts which are representatives of the Ciletuh Palabuhanratu Geopark, including the PAPSI and Palapah community groups, community leaders from four sub-districts, local government, academics, and figures who initiated the Ciletuh Palabuhanratu Geopark. This data is also accompanied by photo, image and map data to complement the primary data. Secondary data sources are in the form of documents or written sources in general, such as village monographs, population statistics, building inventories, natural conditions, and also about the history of the formation and development of the Ciletuh Geopark area. Secondary data is obtained from research results, journals, the internet and matters related to data needs. This secondary data is useful for researchers to understand more deeply the problem that is the object of research. In general, the techniques that can be used to collect data for this research are interviews, observation and documentation studies. An interview is a process of direct interaction or communication between the interviewer and the respondent. Results and conclusion: Based on the literature review and analysis the Ciletuh Geopark area is an area that has unique geological, biological and cultural potential that can be developed as a complete natural and cultural tourism destination that has comparative and competitive advantages. The dynamics of environmental communication that occur are aimed at ensuring that conservation aspects can run in balance and in line with aspects of community empowerment. Research implications: The findings of this research have implications for environmental communication which has an important role in efforts to empower and develop the community's economy so that it is more environmentally friendly and of course can be more targeted. Environmental communication provides opportunities for good interaction between various parties in community empowerment activities by equalizing perceptions of various environmental problems, so that the expected goals can be achieved with the active participation of the community in overcoming environmental problems in the Geopark area. Originality/value: This research contributes to existing literature by focusing on the intersection between environmental communication dynamics and regional development in the Indonesian context. By identifying obstacles and providing recommendations, this research offers insight into community empowerment activities by equalizing perceptions of various environmental problems in the Geopark area.

Active Chat Monitoring and Suspicious Chat Detection Over Internet

In today's digital landscape, the proliferation of online communication platforms has brought about unprecedented opportunities for interaction and collaboration. However, this vast virtual space also presents challenges in ensuring safety and security, particularly concerning the monitoring of chat activities and the detection of suspicious behaviour. This research paper investigates the methods and technologies employed proactive chat monitoring and random chat across the web. The paper begins by examining the importance of monitoring chat platforms to prevent various forms of malicious activities, including cyberbullying, fraud, terrorism, and other illicit behaviours. It then delves into the techniques utilized for real-time monitoring of chat conversations, such as keyword filtering, sentiment analysis, and natural language processing algorithms. Furthermore, the paper explores the principles behind suspicious chat detection, highlighting the indicators of potentially harmful or illegal activities within chat communications. This includes analysing patterns of conversation, identifying anomalous behaviour, and integrating machine learning models to improve detection accuracy. Moreover, the research discusses the ethical considerations and privacy concerns associated with active chat monitoring, emphasizing the need for transparent policies and safeguards to protect user privacy while ensuring effective security measures. Keywords: Active chat monitoring, Suspicious chat detection, Online communication platforms, Cybersecurity, Malicious activities, Keyword filtering, Sentiment analysis, Natural language processing algorithms.