Opportunity For Behavior Change Research Articles

The Journey of Engaging With Web-Based Self-Harm and Suicide Content: Longitudinal Qualitative Study.

Self-harm and suicide are major public health concerns worldwide, with attention focused on the web environment as a helpful or harmful influence. Longitudinal research on self-harm and suicide-related internet use is limited, highlighting a paucity of evidence on long-term patterns and effects of engaging with such content. This study explores the experiences of people engaging with self-harm or suicide content over a 6-month period. This study used qualitative and digital ethnographic methods longitudinally, including one-to-one interviews at 3 time points to explore individual narratives. A trajectory analysis approach involving 4 steps was used to interpret the data. The findings from 14 participants established the web-based journey of people who engage with self-harm or suicide content. In total, 5 themes were identified: initial interactions with self-harm or suicide content, changes in what self-harm or suicide content people engage with and where, changes in experiences of self-harm or suicide behaviors associated with web-based self-harm or suicide content engagement, the disengagement-reengagement cycle, and future perspectives on web-based self-harm or suicide content engagement. Initial engagements were driven by participants seeking help, often when offline support had been unavailable. Some participants' exposure to self-harm and suicide content led to their own self-harm and suicide behaviors, with varying patterns of change over time. Notably, disengagement from web-based self-harm and suicide spaces served as a protective measure for all participants, but the pull of familiar content resulted in only brief periods of disconnection. Participants also expressed future intentions to continue returning to these self-harm and suicide web-based spaces, acknowledging the nonlinear nature of their own recovery journey and aiming to support others in the community. Within the themes identified in this study, narratives revealed that participants' behavior was shaped by cognitive flexibility and rigidity, metacognitive abilities, and digital expertise. Opportunities for behavior change arose during periods of cognitive flexibility prompted by life events, stressors, and shifts in mental health. Participants sought diverse and potentially harmful content during challenging times but moved toward recovery-oriented engagements in positive circumstances. Metacognitive and digital efficacy skills also played a pivotal role in participants' control of web-based interactions, enabling more effective management of content or platforms or sites that posed potential harms. This study demonstrated the complexity of web-based interactions, with beneficial and harmful content intertwined. Participants who demonstrated metacognition and digital efficacy had better control over web-based engagements. Some attributed these skills to study processes, including taking part in reflective diaries, showing the potential of upskilling users. This study also highlighted how participants remained vulnerable by engaging with familiar web-based spaces, emphasizing the responsibility of web-based industry leaders to develop tools that empower users to enhance their web-based safety.

Pendampingan Kesehatan, Kemandirian Dan Aktifitas Fungsional Sehari Hari Pada Lansia Di Panti Werdha Tresno Mukti

Community service was carried out at the Tresno Mukti Nursing Home with several activities including providing Activities of Daily Living (ADL) Questionnaires, providing Physical Activity Therapy Education. The total population at the Tresno Mukti Werdha Nursing Home is 23 elderly people, with the condition of the body being able to walk independently without needing assistance tools or other people a total of 11 elderly people, with disabilities with a total of 9 elderly people, bedressed with 3 elderly people who know the elderly. Outreach Results Research describing the level of independence of the elderly (69-90 years) in fulfilling daily living activities shows that a small proportion of the elderly at the Light Dependence Level are 4 elderly people (36.3%) to the normal level of 7 elderly people (63.6%). running smoothly, and as knowledge material for the elderly and caregivers, especially the condition of decreasing independence and daily functional activities by providing education Physical Activity Therapy aims to provide opportunities for behavior change for various physical, psychological and environmental problems for the elderly)

Behavior change after context disruption: Opportunities and pitfalls

AbstractMany behaviors are performed automatically in response to contextual cues rather than conscious intentions, which can make behavior change challenging. The combined discontinuity and self‐activation hypotheses predict that disruption to a context that cues behaviors can provide opportunity for behavior change guided by intentions rather than contextual cues. In this study, we asked an online sample of participants (N = 452) to report on desired change in the frequency of new, unwanted, or potentially habitual behaviors following a contextual disruption due to the COVID‐19 pandemic. We find a distinction between new ‘start’ behaviors and unwanted ‘stop’ behaviors where new behaviors appear more personally meaningful (i.e. higher in autonomous motivation and positive affective attitude) than unwanted or potentially habitual behaviors. Our results suggest that behavior change theory and interventions that acknowledge differential processes between starting new behaviors and stopping old unwanted behaviors would provide greater insights for behavior science.

Understanding the Factors Influencing Cat Containment: Identifying Opportunities for Behaviour Change.

There are over 5 million pet cats in Australia managed on a spectrum from fully indoors to completely outdoor free roaming. Roaming cats threaten biodiversity, can create a nuisance and are at risk of accidents and injury. Hence, there is substantial interest in behaviour change interventions to increase cat containment. An online questionnaire collected information on cat owner demographics, the number of cats owned, current containment behaviours and an agreement with 15 capability, opportunity and motivation (COM) items. Responses were received from 4482 cat owners. More than half (65%) indicated that they currently keep their cat(s) fully contained. Another 24% practiced a night curfew. Owners' psychological capability had the greatest influence on containment behaviour. Motivation (community- and cat welfare-framed), living in an apartment and renting were also associated with a greater likelihood of containment. Cat owners not currently containing their cats could be divided into six profiles who differed on agreement with COM themes, age, future intentions, current behaviour, location and gender. Understanding differences between cat owner segments can assist with designing behaviour change interventions. Increasing cat owners' psychological capability to contain their cats and encouraging the adoption of a night curfew as a first step towards 24 h containment are recommended.

Behaviour Insight Shadowing: examining daily life settings for the prevention of neglected tropical disease.

BackgroundAdaptation of daily behaviours can play a significant role in disease prevention. Behaviour Insight Shadowing (BIS) is a novel qualitative methodology, designed and used for the first time in this study, which applies the Behaviour Settings Theory as a framework for interrogating daily life patterns and identifying optimal opportunities for behaviour change.MethodsNine participant households were shadowed for a day, in Nigeria, the Democratic Republic of Congo and Guinea Bissau. Shadowing involved close ethnographic observation alongside integrated interviewing techniques, and then followed up with a semistructured cross-examination at the end of the observation period. Real-time insights about the attitudes and behaviours of households at high risk of neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) were then categorised by context and analysed thematically. Themes were then applied to a framework of understanding specific to NTD behaviour change and therefore informing more effective social behaviour change communications (SBCC) design. The methodology is adaptable, simple to replicate and produces in-depth, qualitative ethnographic stories.ResultsFindings highlighted important spatial and temporal aspects of target behaviours, with key differences between private and group activities. Ethnographic stories illustrated hierarchies between economic, social and temporal drivers of behaviour, and highlighted the ways in which health messages were introduced and responded to within and between households. This provided cultural levers for more impactful SBCC interventions that could tie into existing norms.ConclusionsBIS methodology, as an adaptive ethnographic approach, provides valuable insights that enhance the findings from surveys and focus groups, specifically in the context of NTD prevention. Contextual categorisation of relevant daily behaviours is key to developing culturally appropriate SBCC and in determining whether such intervention needs to be in alignment with everyday routines and attitudes, or in disruption of them.

Digital Media for Behavior Change: Review of an Emerging Field of Study

Digital media are omnipresent in modern life, but the science on the impact of digital media on behavior is still in its infancy. There is an emerging evidence base of how to use digital media for behavior change. Strategies to change behavior implemented using digital technology have included a variety of platforms and program strategies, all of which are potentially more effective with increased frequency, intensity, interactivity, and feedback. It is critical to accelerate the pace of research on digital platforms, including social media, to understand and address its effects on human behavior. The purpose of the current paper is to provide an overview and describe methods in this emerging field, present use cases, describe a future agenda, and raise central questions to be addressed in future digital health research for behavior change. Digital media for behavior change employs three main methods: (1) digital media interventions, (2) formative research using digital media, and (3) digital media used to conduct evaluations. We examine use cases across several content areas including healthy weight management, tobacco control, and vaccination uptake, to describe and illustrate the methods and potential impact of this emerging field of study. In the discussion, we note that digital media interventions need to explore the full range of functionality of digital devices and their near-constant role in personal self-management and day-to-day living to maximize opportunities for behavior change. Future experimental research should rigorously examine the effects of variable levels of engagement with, and frequency and intensity of exposure to, multiple forms of digital media for behavior change.

Nurse-led coaching to improve dietary protein intake and reduce the risk of sarcopenia in middle-aged women

Background and objective: An adequate dietary protein intake is critical to preventing sarcopenia, a condition characterized by reductions in muscle mass, strength, and function. The objectives of this investigation were to determine the effectiveness and how telephone-based diet coaching by a nurse practitioner contributed to improving dietary protein intakes in middle-aged women.Methods: Middle-aged women were recruited, and those randomized to receive nutrition education (including a protein prescription) and weekly diet coaching (focused on improving protein intake) provided weekly responses to three semi-structured interview questions. Qualitative content analysis was used to examine the responses to these questions. Dietary protein intake was analyzed at baseline and the end of the 12-week study from three 24-hour diet recalls at each time point using diet-analysis software and repeated measures analysis of variance.Results: Coached participants (n = 25) significantly increased dietary protein intake (55.3 ± 10.3 g at baseline to 83.7 ± 14.5 g/day at the end of the study); 19 of the 25 participants (76%) met their recommended dietary protein prescription by the study’s end. Three themes “Identifying Opportunities for Behavior Change”, “Beneficial Behavior Changes”, and “Tailoring Individual Interventions” were identified as a result of the coaching and led to the overarching theme “Empowered by Knowledge, Successful by Support” depicting how coaching contributed to the behavior changes.Conclusions: Nurse-led coaching is an effective approach enabling middle-aged women to improve dietary protein intake. These improvements are especially important in reducing the risk for the development of sarcopenia.

"Exercise Is My Medicine": A Qualitative Study Exploring the Experiences of Non-admitted Patients Receiving Physical Activity Promotion From Hospital Surgeons.

BackgroundHospital clinicians are increasingly encouraged to use outpatient consultations as an avenue to deliver opportunistic health promotion. There is a dearth of evidence regarding the acceptance of health promotion initiatives from hospital patients themselves.MethodsWe explored the experiences of non-admitted patients who, during a routine consultation with a hospital surgeon received a recommendation to increase physical activity (PA) and a recommendation to engage in a PA telephone coaching program. Twenty-two semi-structured interviews were conducted with individuals who had received the recommendation and proceeded to enroll in a telephone coaching intervention to identify factors that influenced behavior change. Data were analyzed thematically.ResultsParticipants' age ranged between 42 and 66 years, with the average age being 54 years. Of the participants, 15 (68%) were women and 7 (32%) were men. Three major themes were identified: (1) the hospital visit represented an opportunity for behavior change that is not to be missed; (2) surgeons were influential in promoting PA change contemplation; and (3) patients welcomed a communication style that promoted autonomy.ConclusionsAlmost all patients considered receiving the recommendation to engage with the telephone coaching as acceptable and helpful toward PA change. Although working in time-restricted consultations, surgeons delivered the recommendation in a patient-centered, autonomy-supportive way, which influenced behavior change. Hospitals should explore avenues to integrate health promotion into routine care, confident of the acceptability and appropriateness of health promotion practice to hospital patients.

A 3‐D approach to personalised nutrition

A <scp>3‐D</scp> approach to personalised nutrition

Investigating the utility of the COM‐B and TM model to explain changes in eating behaviour during pregnancy: A longitudinal cohort study

ObjectivesPregnancy has been described as a ‘teachable moment’ for behaviour change, which presents an important opportunity for health promotion within antenatal care settings. However, no pregnancy‐specific model has been developed or tested in the context of health behaviour change during pregnancy. This study aimed to investigate and compare the utility of the Capability‐Opportunity‐Motivation Behaviour (COM‐B) and Teachable Moments (TM) models, to explain health behaviour change during pregnancy, within the context of eating behaviour.DesignLongitudinal cohort study.MethodsFive hundred and sixteen women completed a survey at between 12–16 weeks gestation (T1). Follow‐up data were collected at 20–24 weeks (T2), 36–40 weeks (T3), and 6–12 weeks postnatally (T4). The primary outcome was eating behaviour. To assess the utility of the COM‐B model, perceived capability, opportunity, and motivation to eat healthily were measured. To assess the utility of the TM model, risk perceptions, self‐image, and affective response were measured.ResultsOverall, the COM‐B model explained 18.4% of the variance in eating behaviour, whilst the TM model explained 9%. Both models explained the most variance in eating behaviour at T1 and T3, compared with T2 and T4. Small changes were observed in eating behaviour and the model constructs over the time period studied, although these were not clinically meaningful.ConclusionsNeither the COM‐B nor TM model provide a satisfactory explanation of eating behaviour during pregnancy, however the findings suggest that certain stages of pregnancy may create more salient opportunities for behaviour change. The findings also support claims that motivation may not play a key role in directing eating behaviour during pregnancy. Further research is needed to explore the role of timing in antenatal behaviour change. The development of a pregnancy‐specific model is necessary to optimise understanding of pregnancy as a teachable moment for behaviour change.

Cultural norms to support gender equity in energy development: Grounding the productive use agenda in Rwanda

Changes to cultural norms as a result of electrification can promote gender equity. This paper contributes to the energy transitions literature addressing research complexity from investigating consumption behaviours and opportunities for behaviour change. We ask: how cultural norms influence productive uses of energy technologies and how norms may change as a result of electrification? A scoping and critical review of literature, and empirical study applying grounded theory analysis and the energy cultures framework suggests the value of exploring existing and emerging energy cultures, particularly the nature of material cultures, norms and practices. Qualitative methods used include key informant interviews, transect walks and observation. The application is in the Bugesera District of Rwanda. The main study finding is that there are relationships between mini-grids, fuels, values, beliefs and traditions that influence uptake and vice-versa. The emphasis on of productive use is revisited to suggest inclusion of norms such as Agakiriro — making wealth through small scale business enterprises; Ubudehe — mutual assistance welfare practice; new material realities of the modern Rwandan household; local and international technological innovations; old programs — One Laptop Per Child; imihigo – a tradition of goal setting translating to performance contracts, and Made in Rwanda — enhancing the domestic market through value chain development. Inclusion of gender concerns in the push for productive use of electricity and in renewable energy policy can promote sustainable value chain creation and inclusive business model development. Finally, we reflect on policy considerations for stakeholders working in energy development in Rwanda and elsewhere.

"I'm Going to Be Good to Me": Exploring the Role of Shame and Guilt in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes.

People with type 2 diabetes are likely to experience shame or guilt as they navigate through their disease. Previous research has shown that feelings of shame and guilt often exist within the clinician-patient relationship, often as a result of the complex care regimen required to achieve treatment goals. The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore patients' experiences of shame and guilt in type 2 diabetes management and the impact their clinicians have on these experiences. Semistructured interviews were used to explore patients' experiences with shame and guilt. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, and coded using directed content analysis. Demographic data were also obtained. We completed 20 interviews with people with type 2 diabetes (65% Black, 70% female). Participants exhibited feelings more consistent with guilt than with shame. All participants discussed how their clinicians affected these feelings. Patients who expressed feelings of guilt were able to recognize opportunities for behavior change without experiencing global devaluation, in which they linked their actions to an unchangeable aspect of their identity or personality, often describing their guilt as motivating of change. Unlike guilt, when patients experienced shame, they often exhibited global devaluation, in which they blamed their personality, experienced hopelessness, and increased maladaptive behaviors. Our findings highlight a notable difference between shame and guilt in the context of type 2 diabetes management. We believe that incorporation of an understanding of these nuances, along with ideal responses to both shame and guilt, will enhance clinicians' ability to provide high-quality patient-centered care to people with diabetes.

Workplace relocation and its association with car availability and commuting mode choice

The workplace location impacts both daily mobility behavior and long-term mobility decisions. Many case studies have observed significant effects of workplace relocation on car availability and mode choice to work, but there is a lack of studies that go beyond a single-company relocation to explore the association between workplace relocation and a subsequent change in car availability and car commuting, with a focus on the importance of the workplace location as an explanatory variable for these changes.In this study, we examine the associations of workplace relocation with the increase in car availability and switch to car commuting in 6404 surveyed workers in the Metropolitan Region of Munich. A subset of the data with workers who have changed their workplace location while maintaining the same residential location (n = 787) is used to visualize the effect of the workplace relocation. By using “flow-diagrams” for a descriptive analysis of the data, a logistic regression on the increase in car availability as well as a Heckman Selection Model on the modal switch to driving, we find statistically significant associations of the workplace relocation with the increase in car availability and the change to driving.Workplace relocations to less centralized areas are associated with an increase in car availability and a change to driving. Vice versa, a relocation to a more centralized areas is negatively associated.Our results emphasize the importance of workplace locations and especially re-locations as triggers for changes in car availability and mode choice. We advocate for wisely designed planning processes and decision-making tools for analyzing and planning workplace locations, in order to make use of the window of opportunity for behavior change towards sustainable commuting and to foster well-working regional systems for living, working, and everything in between.

62.4 MOTIVATIONAL INTERVIEWING AS A COMMUNICATION FRAMEWORK TO FACILITATE ADHERENCE TO PEDIATRIC TRANSPLANT CARE

Behavior change is an innately human experience. We all know the feeling of being asked, pushed, cajoled, or even being forced into engaging in a behavior that we may not be invested in pursuing. The experience can be frustrating and result in a mix of responses. In many of these situations, the result is a state of ambivalence. Despite our awareness of this shared human experience, we often neglect this inherent understanding when conducting health behavior change counseling. Motivational interviewing is a framework to empower patients and families to enact behavior change to improve their health and quality of life in a way that is feasible to them. It takes the spotlight for health behavior change off of the clinician and refocuses that light onto the patient’s thoughts, understandings, emotions, and abilities. There has been an emergence of interest, research, and practice utilizing motivational interviewing to support youth receiving pretransplant and posttransplant care. In this presentation, we will describe the current evidence of the utility and practice of implementing motivational interviewing as a foundational language style in pediatric transplant care. We will highlight the spirit of motivational interviewing, the general principles and microskills, the 4 processes, and the practical applications for youth and families. We will highlight case-based examples relevant to transplantation and clinical pearls to support engagement, enhance reflective listening, and facilitate opportunity for behavior change. We will explore examples of successful models of implementing motivational interviewing systemically in the delivery of pediatric transplant care. As motivational interviewing grows in its evidence base, application, and dissemination, it can become a vehicle to fuel integrated care and interdisciplinary education. Child and adolescent psychiatry has the unique opportunity to foster and nurture the education and dissemination of motivational interviewing to enhance evidence-based, patient-centered health behavior change counseling within pediatric transplant care.

Inclusive-Empathy in Leadership

The unexpected rapid change in the workplace revealed one simple truth: Sizeable benefits exist when leaders show inclusive-empathy. Given current developments in the way people work with technology and within society, inclusive-empathy needs to be adapted. How do leaders begin to show inclusive-empathy if this was never the case beforehand? And what tactics can be used to continually display inclusive-empathy in challenging times? A leader needs to understand and reflect upon the patterns and routines that may have quietly manifested at work and the interactions with others that follow on. This is easier said than done, and in practice it is quite a challenge to identify patterns via self-reflection. In this article, we introduce one practical tool that incorporates reflections as well as opportunities for behavior change in order to assist leaders on the journey of increasing inclusive-empathy.

Fidelity of the delivery of NHS Health Checks in general practice: an observational study.

BackgroundThe NHS Health Check programme aims to reduce the risk of common preventable diseases by providing risk information and behaviour change advice. Failure to deliver the consultation appropriately could undermine its efficacy. To date, to the authors’ knowledge, there are no published data on the fidelity of delivery of NHS Health Checks.AimTo assess the fidelity of delivery of NHS Health Checks in general practice.Design & settingFidelity assessment of video and audio recordings of NHS Health Check consultations conducted in four GP practices across the East of England.MethodA secondary analysis of 38 NHS Health Check consultations, which were video or audio recorded as part of a pilot study of introducing discussions of cancer risk into NHS Health Checks. Using a checklist based on the NHS Health Check Best Practice Guidance, fidelity of delivery was assessed as the proportion of key elements completed during the consultations.ResultsThe mean number of elements of the NHS Health Check completed across all consultations was 14.5/18 (80.6%), with a range of 10 to 17 (55.6% to 94.4%). The mean fidelity for risk assessment, risk communication, and risk management sections was 8.7/10 (87.0%), 4.1/5 (82.0%), and 1.7/3 (56.7%), respectively. Clinically appropriate lifestyle advice was given in 34/38 consultations. Elements with the lowest fidelity were ethnicity assessment (n = 12/38; 31.6%), family history of cardiovascular disease (CVD) assessment (n = 25/38; 65.8%), AUDIT-C communication (n = 13/38; 34.2%), and dementia risk management (n = 6/38; 15.8%).ConclusionAlthough fidelity of delivery was high overall, important elements of the NHS Health Check were being regularly omitted. Opportunities for behaviour change, particularly relating to alcohol consumption and dementia risk management, may be being missed.

Citizenship Ceremonies as an Opportunity for Behaviour Change: A Quasi-experiment with London Councils

ABSTRACTResearch on pro-social behaviours has mainly concentrated on individually-tailored interventions, such as Get Out the Vote (GOTV) campaigns, rather than collective arenas where information and messages are experienced jointly. Citizenship ceremonies, in which new UK citizens are required to participate, provide a timely and unique opportunity to promote civil behaviours in a group context. The research for this paper, based on a quasi-experiment comparing ceremonies within London local authorities, tests whether providing volunteering opportunities and incorporating behavioural science interventions into the design of the ceremonies increase voter registration, volunteering, and blood donation intentions. Survey results show that providing volunteering opportunities generates an interest in registering to volunteer and donating blood, while the addition of behavioural interventions boosts intention to volunteer and registering to vote, with statistically significant effects of the behavioural interventions on the summed outcome measure. The research findings are a promising foundation for further tests using randomised controlled trials.

A primary care-led intervention to reduce cardiovascular disease risk in people with severe mental illness (PRIMROSE): a secondary qualitative analysis

BackgroundDespite various initiatives, the mortality rate in people with severe mental illness increased between 2004 and 2014. Poor health behaviours contribute, including poor diets, physical inactivity, smoking, and excessive alcohol consumption. Evidence is scarce regarding how primary care interventions can influence health behaviour change in people with severe mental illness. We aimed to explore how health behaviours were supported and changed in people with severe mental illness via an intervention (PRIMROSE) informed by the behaviour change wheel. MethodsPRIMROSE was delivered over 6 months in primary care across England. We did a secondary qualitative analysis of semi-structured interviews with staff and patients describing their experiences of PRIMROSE. The sample were selected from a random 20% of primary care practices in England. Topic guides were based on the capability, opportunity, motivation, and behaviour (COM-B) model of behaviour and the Theoretical Domains Framework. We identified how behaviour change techniques were applied by mapping the coded data to the behaviour change technique taxonomy (version 1). We explored barriers, facilitators, and processes of supporting or making health behaviour changes using thematic analysis. Themes were further informed by COM-B. FindingsBetween April 27 and Dec 19, 2016, 15 patients and 15 health-care professionals participated from a broad range of backgrounds across England, but with limited ethnic diversity. We identified 20 behaviour change techniques being used. Six factors affected supporting and changing health behaviours: motivation, motivated patients were more proactive to action advice, which was affected by witnessing physical health benefits; health knowledge or perceptions, developing knowledge on how to change health behaviour facilitated motivation but negative health perceptions could be difficult to change; difficulties with patient capability, mental and physical health status affected motivation; staff proficiency, previous experience with mental health and motivational interviewing skills aided supporting patients; social influences, patients felt pressure to achieve goals to avoid staff disappointment—creating healthy social (peer) norms facilitated motivation whereas unhealthy norms prevented changes; and environmental level influences, access to time and resources were perceived as critical. Making use of existing opportunities for behaviour change, such as open spaces for walking, facilitated positive changes. InterpretationThe value of the application of behaviour change techniques and primary health-care professionals in supporting health behaviour change in this population was variable. For some, such techniques helped to increase motivation, capability, and opportunity to change health behaviours. In others, complex challenges that people with severe mental illness experienced prevented behaviour change. Our findings suggest that with training and appropriate resources, primary care health-care professionals can facilitate health behaviour change in some cases, but policy makers and commissioners should consider enabling more interdisciplinary involvement. FundingUK National Institute for Health Research School for Primary Care Research.

Barriers and opportunities for behavior change in managing high water demand in water scarce Indigenous communities: an Australian perspective

Abstract Managing water demand by reducing water consumption and improving water use efficiency has become essential for ensuring water security. This research aimed to identify the primary determinants of household water consumption in an Australian Indigenous community to develop evidence-based water demand management policies and strategies that might be implemented by the water service provider. A behavior change framework was applied to investigate the opportunity, ability, and motivational determinants affecting household water consumption and conservation in an Australian Indigenous community. The lack of water conservation knowledge and skills of high water users could be barriers to saving water. Low water users have positive attitudes towards water conservation and a higher level of awareness about their own water use. While there is a lack of a belief that water shortages will occur, low water users do have concerns of vulnerability to droughts, and that could be a driver for their sense of obligation to engage in water conservation practices. The research recommended communication messages and tools to address identified barriers to enabling positive changes to water use behaviors, which have wider applications in remote Australian Indigenous communities.

Citizenship Ceremonies as an Opportunity for Behaviour Change: A Quasi-Experiment with London Councils

Research on pro-social and collective behaviours has tended to neglect collective occasions when citizenship is celebrated in favour of studying individual-focused interventions, such as Get Out the Vote campaigns. Citizenship ceremonies, in which new citizens are required to participate, are a timely and unique opportunity to promote civil behaviours. The research for this paper, based on a quasi-experiment comparing ceremonies in London local authorities, tested whether providing volunteering opportunities and incorporating behavioural interventions in the design of the ceremonies increased voter registration, volunteering, and blood donation intentions. The survey results show that providing volunteering opportunities increased an interest in registering to volunteer and to donate blood, while the behavioural interventions increased intention to volunteer and vote registration, with an overall significant effect of both the volunteering and behavioural interventions on summed outcomes. The research findings are a good foundation for further testing using randomized controlled trials.