Rule Mining Techniques Research Articles

Code Edit Recommendation Using a Recurrent Neural Network

When performing software evolution tasks, developers spend a significant amount of time looking for files to modify. By recommending files to modify, a code edit recommendation system reduces the developer’s navigation time when conducting software evolution tasks. In this paper, we propose a code edit recommendation method using a recurrent neural network (CERNN). CERNN forms contexts that maintain the sequence of developers’ interactions to recommend files to edit and stops recommendations when the first recommendation becomes incorrect for the given evolution task. We evaluated our method by comparing it with the state-of-the-art method MI-EA that was developed based on the association rule mining technique. The result shows that our proposed method improves the average recommendation accuracy by approximately 5% over MI-EA (0.64 vs. 0.59 F-score).

Frequent contiguous pattern mining over biological sequences of protein misfolded diseases

BackgroundProteins are integral part of all living beings, which are building blocks of many amino acids. To be functionally active, amino acids chain folds up in a complex way to give each protein a unique 3D shape, where a minor error may cause misfolded structure. Genetic disorder diseases i.e. Alzheimer, Parkinson, etc. arise due to misfolding in protein sequences. Thus, identifying patterns of amino acids is important for inferring protein associated genetic diseases. Recent studies in predicting amino acids patterns focused on only simple protein misfolded disease i.e. Chromaffin Tumor, by association rule mining. However, more complex diseases are yet to be attempted. Moreover, association rules obtained by these studies were not verified by usefulness measuring tools.ResultsIn this work, we analyzed protein sequences associated with complex protein misfolded diseases (i.e. Sickle Cell Anemia, Breast Cancer, Cystic Fibrosis, Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus, and Retinitis Pigmentosa 4) by association rule mining technique and objective interestingness measuring tools. Experimental results show the effectiveness of our method.ConclusionAdopting quantitative experimental methods, this work can form more reliable, useful and strong association rules i. e. dominating patterns of amino acid of complex protein misfolded diseases. Thus, in addition to usual applications, the identified patterns can be more useful in discovering medicines for protein misfolded diseases and thereby may open up new opportunities in medical science to handle genetic disorder diseases.

Decision Making Using Machine Learning Based Opinion Prediction Model for Smart Governance

Background: Decision making requires a rigorous process of evaluation, which is an analytical and organized process to figure out the present positive influences, favourable future prospects, existing shortcomings and ulterior complexities of any plan, program, practice or a polity. Evaluation of policy is an essential and vital process required to measure the performance or progression of the scheme. The main purpose of policy evaluation is to empower various stakeholders and enhance their socio-economic environment. A large number of policies or schemes in different areas are launched/constituted by government in view of the citizen welfare. Although, the governmental policies intend to better shape up the quality of life of people but may also impact their everyday's life. Objective: The contemplation of public opinion plays a very significant role in the process of policy evaluation. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to incorporate the concept of opinion mining in policy evaluation. An attempt has been made to elevate the process of policy evaluation by analyzing public opinion. Methods: A latest governmental scheme Saubhagya launched by the Indian government in 2017 has been selected for evaluation by applying supervised learning based opinion mining techniques. The data set of public opinion associated with this scheme has been captured by Twitter. Results: The result validates that the proposed methodology supports the optimizing process of policy evaluation and provides a more accurate and actual status of policy's effect among Indian citizen. As a result, this would aid in identifying and implementing the preventive and corrective measures required to be taken for a successful policy. Conclusion: The proposed methodology will stabilize and strengthen the process of policy evaluation which target towards favourable and flourishing future prospects concerning the socio-economic status of a nation. The results are quite exciting and further extension of work will be performed in order to develop and design a patent framework in the area of social big data analytics.

A Survey on Sentiment Analysis and Opinion Mining in Greek Social Media

As the amount of content that is created on social media is constantly increasing, more and more opinions and sentiments are expressed by people in various subjects. In this respect, sentiment analysis and opinion mining techniques can be valuable for the automatic analysis of huge textual corpora (comments, reviews, tweets etc.). Despite the advances in text mining algorithms, deep learning techniques, and text representation models, the results in such tasks are very good for only a few high-density languages (e.g., English) that possess large training corpora and rich linguistic resources; nevertheless, there is still room for improvement for the other lower-density languages as well. In this direction, the current work employs various language models for representing social media texts and text classifiers in the Greek language, for detecting the polarity of opinions expressed on social media. The experimental results on a related dataset collected by the authors of the current work are promising, since various classifiers based on the language models (naive bayesian, random forests, support vector machines, logistic regression, deep feed-forward neural networks) outperform those of word or sentence-based embeddings (word2vec, GloVe), achieving a classification accuracy of more than 80%. Additionally, a new language model for Greek social media has also been trained on the aforementioned dataset, proving that language models based on domain specific corpora can improve the performance of generic language models by a margin of 2%. Finally, the resulting models are made freely available to the research community.

Data-driven decision support system for managing item allocation in an ASRS: A framework development and a case study

When dealing with Automated Storage and Retrieval Systems (ASRS), the allocation of items to the most convenient storage location depends on the vast amount of data produced internally (e.g., Enterprise Resource Planning, Manufacturing Enterprise Systems) and externally (e.g. Supply Chain Management). Moreover, a proper item allocation in the warehouse has a strong influence on the warehouse saturation levels and picking times.In this perspective, the present work proposes the application of data-driven algorithms for managing items in an Automated Storage and Retrieval System (ASRS) in order to reduce the picking times and storage space.Specifically, a four-layer framework is adopted for collecting data produced by different information sources and analyzing them through a data-driven approach. The analytics layer is performed by combining the Association Rule Mining (ARM) technique, to investigate the network of influences among data collected, and a simulation approach for assessing the feasibility of the proposed implementation. The Association Rule Mining allows company managers to identify the components that should be located on the same tray in the ASRS, defining the couples of items frequently picked together in order to reduce the total picking time. The proposed approach is applied to the case study of a shoe manufacturing company to explain the research approach and show how the implementation of the data-driven methodology can provide valuable support in defining item allocation and picking rules. The proposed Association Rule Mining method is new in this context and it has shown a positive impact in comparison to traditional solutions of warehouse management, providing a complete overview of the items’ interactions and identifying communities of items that define local and global patterns and locate influential entities.

Mining a Set of Rules for Determining the Waiting Time for Selling Residential Units

Being aware of the waiting time for selling residential units is one of the important issues in the housing sector for the majority of people, especially investors. There are several factors affecting the waiting time for selling residential units. Determining the influential factors on the time period of selling real estates can lead to an informed decision making by real estate consultants, sellers as well as those seeking to buy real estates. Using a real estate database in Iran, the present paper proposes a two-module procedure. The first module deals with implementation of association rule mining. Using the well-known association rule mining techniques namely FP-Growth, several association rules have been extracted which indicate the effective factors on the waiting time for selling residential units. Generated association rules have been evaluated based on metrics such as support, confidence and lift and finally the best rules are selected. The main objective of the second module is to develop a fuzzy inference system which can determine the factors influencing the waiting time for selling residential units from historical data, so that the model can be used to estimate the time it to sell the property for a real estate agency. Several IF-THEN rules are extracted from this module. Extracted rules can be used by real estate agencies as well as buyers and sellers of residential units to make better decisions in their investments. In conclusion section, a number of suggestions for future studies are presented. For example, machine learning algorithms such as neural networks, decision trees, etc. can also be used to predict the duration of residential units’ sale. The main objective of the second module is to develop a fuzzy inference system which can learn about the factors that influence the waiting time for selling residential units from historical data, so that the model can be used to estimate the time it takes to sell the property for a real estate agency. Several IF-THEN rules are extracted from this module. Extracted rules can be used by real estate agencies as well as buyers and sellers of residential units to make better decisions in their investments.

Urban industrial transformation patterns under natural resource dependence: A rule mining technique

Urban industrial transformation is crucial for resource-based cities to break through the lock-in effect of natural resources dependence and achieve economic, environmental and energy sustainability. This paper proposes a rough set-based rule mining technique of learning, validation and generalisation to identify what influential factors, under which synergetic combination methods and influencing levels lead to successful industrial structural transformation in resource-based cities. The extracted decision rules reveal the transformation patterns from the rationalisation and optimisation of industrial structure, as well as the potential path transmission mechanism that help prevent the negative effects of resource dependence. The results from China's 115 resource-based cities during 2004–2017 show resource curses that may hinder industrial structural transformation are not absolute existence but conditional appearance. Abundant resources in superior urban transformation cases promote the rationalisation and optimisation of industrial structure by driving material and human capital investment under a reasonable government policy intervention. However, resource dependence squeezes out the technological innovation and marketing competition for developing private enterprises, challenging transformations that improve resource allocation efficiency based on marketisation. The identified patterns inspire policy-makers to adjust urban industrial structure through developing urban resource advantages and bypassing insufficiencies in historical transformation.

Modeling the co-citation dependence on semantic layers of co-cited documents

PurposeCo-citation frequency, defined as the number of documents co-citing two articles, is considered as a quantitative, and thus, an efficient proxy of subject relatedness or prestige of the co-cited articles. Despite its quantitative nature, it is found effective in retrieving and evaluating documents, signifying its linkage with the related documents' contents. To better understand the dynamism of the citation network, the present study aims to investigate various content features giving rise to the measure.Design/methodology/approachThe present study examined the interaction of different co-citation features in explaining the co-citation frequency. The features include the co-cited works' similarities in their full-texts, Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms, co-citation proximity, opinions and co-citances. A test collection is built using the CITREC dataset. The data were analyzed using natural language processing (NLP) and opinion mining techniques. A linear model was developed to regress the objective and subjective content-based co-citation measures against the natural log of the co-citation frequency.FindingsThe dimensions of co-citation similarity, either subjective or objective, play significant roles in predicting co-citation frequency. The model can predict about half of the co-citation variance. The interaction of co-opinionatedness and non-co-opinionatedness is the strongest factor in the model.Originality/valueIt is the first study in revealing that both the objective and subjective similarities could significantly predict the co-citation frequency. The findings re-confirm the citation analysis assumption claiming the connection between the cognitive layers of cited documents and citation measures in general and the co-citation frequency in particular.Peer reviewThe peer review history for this article is available at https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/OIR-04-2020-0126.

Adaptive model to support business process reengineering.

The one constant in the world is change. The changing dynamics of business environment enforces the organizations to re-design or reengineer their business processes. The main objective of such reengineering processes is to provide services or produce products with the possible lowest cost, shortest time, and best quality. Accordingly, Business Process Re-engineering (BPR) provides a roadmap of how to efficiently achieve the operational goals in terms of enhanced flexibility and productivity, reduced cost, and improved quality of service or product. In this article, we propose an efficient model for BPR. The model specifies where the breakdowns occur in BPR implementation, justifies why such breakdowns occur, and proposes techniques to prevent their occurrence again. The proposed model has been built based on two main sections. The first section focuses on integrating Critical Success Factors (CSFs) and the performance of business processes during the reengineering processes. Additionally, it implements the association rule mining technique to investigate the relationship between CSFs and different business processes. The second section aims to measure the performance of business processes (intended success of BPR) by process time, cycle time, quality and cost before and after reengineering processes. A case study of the Egyptian Tax Authority (ETA) is used to test the efficiency of the proposed model.

Evaluation of Potential Correlation of Piano Teaching Using Edge-Enabled Data and Machine Learning

Data science has expanded at an exponential growth with the advancement of big data technology. The data analysis techniques need to delve deeper to find valuable information (Sarac 2017). The notion of edge computing is broadly acknowledged. Edge-enabled solutions provide computing, analysis, storage, and control nearer to the edge of the network, which support the efficient processing and decision-making. Machine learning has also attained significant attention in this context due to its flexibility and its ability to provide a variety of supervised, unsupervised, and semisupervised techniques. This research presents a specific model to evaluate the potential correlation of piano teaching using machine learning. The data analysis is performed at the edges of network for efficient results (Tan et al. 2017). The association rule mining technique of machine learning is utilized with the integration of improved T-test method. The improved T-test is performed for the measurement of association rules and proposed a new measure and influence degree of association rules. It is evident from the results that the use of the degree of influence as a measure of association rules to find the potential relevance of multimedia-assistant piano teaching evaluation data is extremely feasible. It overcomes shortcomings of existing measurement standards and reduces the generation of redundant rules. The existing literature highlights the concepts of evaluation of potential correlation and evaluates the advantages. However, there is a lack of an effective strategy for piano teaching. The proposed model performs efficient calculation and storage. The feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed framework are verified using the analysis of the actual dataset. The verification results show that it is feasible and valuable to find the potential relevance of multimedia-assisted piano teaching evaluation.

Applying Opinion Mining Techniques for an Analysis of Online Product Reviews

Applying Opinion Mining Techniques for an Analysis of Online Product Reviews

An Experimental Analysis of Data Annotation Methodologies for Emotion Detection in Short Text Posted on Social Media

Opinion mining techniques, investigating if text is expressing a positive or negative opinion, continuously gain in popularity, attracting the attention of many scientists from different disciplines. Specific use cases, however, where the expressed opinion is indisputably positive or negative, render such solutions obsolete and emphasize the need for a more in-depth analysis of the available text. Emotion analysis is a solution to this problem, but the multi-dimensional elements of the expressed emotions in text along with the complexity of the features that allow their identification pose a significant challenge. Machine learning solutions fail to achieve a high accuracy, mainly due to the limited availability of annotated training datasets, and the bias introduced to the annotations by the personal interpretations of emotions from individuals. A hybrid rule-based algorithm that allows the acquisition of a dataset that is annotated with regard to the Plutchik’s eight basic emotions is proposed in this paper. Emoji, keywords and semantic relationships are used in order to identify in an objective and unbiased way the emotion expressed in a short phrase or text. The acquired datasets are used to train machine learning classification models. The accuracy of the models and the parameters that affect it are presented in length through an experimental analysis. The most accurate model is selected and offered through an API to tackle the emotion detection in social media posts.

Study Analisis Metode Analisis Sentimen pada YouTube

It cannot be denied that YouTube is now the most popular video sharing website. Opinions written from viewers could be an important asset for the development of a company or YouTubers. In this report, the technique used to analyze those comments is called sentiment analysis or opinion mining techniques. Although this knowledge or technique is not new, it is still important to continue studying this, given the importance of the viewer comments. This paper is the result of a literature review of several studies that have been conducted using various methods in sentiment analysis. The purpose of this analytical study is to obtain a theoretical basis that can support further research by studying the working methods, advantages, and disadvantages of each method. For the reason of having no knowledge on how the method works will affect the results and will be a waste of time. The results of comparisons from research that have been done, showing that the Naïve bayes algorithm has a higher accuracy, then SVM then DT. But this is a preliminary result as no study has used all methods at once in a case.

A Context-free Grammar based Association Rule Mining Technique for Network Dataset

Among various data mining concepts like prediction, clustering, classification, association and outlier discovery, association is a useful technique to extract the interesting relations among data items effectively. Association technique is applied in a number of applications like marketing, education, chemical, bioinformatics, computational linguistics and etc. The important purpose of association is to provide useful information of buying preferences of customers in supermarket in order to increase the sales opportunity, which is called as market- basket analysis. Till now there are many algorithms were developed, but the usage of formal grammars in association rule mining (ARM) is a latest technique to mine required data by means of grammars. In this paper ARM is performed using Context –free Grammar (CFG) – (ARM – Grammar) and the experiments are conducted on MATLAB 2017 software using network dataset, KDDCUP’99. Experimental outcomes prove that the proposed ARM – Grammar is effective than the traditional ARM approach.

Sustainable governance in smart cities and use of supervised learning based opinion mining

Evaluation is an analytical and organized process to figure out the present positive influences, favourable future prospects, existing shortcomings and ulterior complexities of any plan, program, practice or a policy. Evaluation of policy is an essential and vital process required to measure the performance or progression of the scheme. The main purpose of policy evaluation is to empower various stakeholders and enhance their socio-economic environment. A large number of policies or schemes in different areas are launched by government in view of citizen welfare. Although, the governmental policies intend to better shape up the life quality of people but may also impact their every day’s life. A latest governmental scheme Saubhagya launched by Indian government in 2017 has been selected for evaluation by applying opinion mining techniques. The data set of public opinion associated with this scheme has been captured by Twitter. The primary intent is to offer opinion mining as a smart city technology that harness the user-generated big data and analyse it to offer a sustainable governance model.

Sustainable governance in smart cities and use of supervised learning based opinion mining

Evaluation is an analytical and organized process to figure out the present positive influences, favourable future prospects, existing shortcomings and ulterior complexities of any plan, program, practice or a policy. Evaluation of policy is an essential and vital process required to measure the performance or progression of the scheme. The main purpose of policy evaluation is to empower various stakeholders and enhance their socio-economic environment. A large number of policies or schemes in different areas are launched by government in view of citizen welfare. Although, the governmental policies intend to better shape up the life quality of people but may also impact their every day’s life. A latest governmental scheme Saubhagya launched by Indian government in 2017 has been selected for evaluation by applying opinion mining techniques. The data set of public opinion associated with this scheme has been captured by Twitter. The primary intent is to offer opinion mining as a smart city technology that harness the user-generated big data and analyse it to offer a sustainable governance model.

Trend analysis using agglomerative hierarchical clustering approach for time series big data

Road traffic accidents are a ‘global tragedy’ that generates unpredictable chunks of data having heterogeneity. To avoid this heterogeneous tragedy, we need to fraternize and categorize the datasets. This can be done with the help of clustering and association rule mining techniques. As the trend of accidents is increasing throughout the year, agglomerative hierarchical clustering approach is proposed for time series big data for trend analysis. This clustering approach segments the time sequence data into different clusters after normalizing the discrete time sequence data. Agglomerative hierarchical clustering takes the objects with similar properties and groups them together to form the group of clusters. The paradigmatic time sequence (PTS) data for each cluster with the help of dynamic time warping are identified that calculate the closest time sequence. The PTS analyzes various zone details and forms a cluster to report the data. This approach is more useful and optimal than the traditional statistical techniques.

Analyzing Customer Satisfaction Over Telecom Companies in Sudan Using Apriori Algorithm

With the rapid growth in the field of information and communication technology, the demand for telecommunications and internet services increased over the years. In Sudan, three reputed telecom companies provide these types of services. Although a great competition between these companies in order to attract more new customers and also to keep the existing customers satisfied, many new and existing customers still has some apprehensions over the difficulty on how to choose the best among the service providers in terms of full range of services with affordable cost. This study aims to measure the customer satisfaction from the telecom companies in Sudan. The survey questionnaire designed and distributed electronically to as many customers to find frequent patterns by applying association rule mining techniques. The results of analysis show that Zain Sudan performs better compared to MTN and Sudani telecom companies in terms of various customer-oriented services.

Biogeography based optimization for mining rules to assess credit risk

SummaryFinancial institutions, by and large, rely on the use of machine learning techniques to improve the classic credit risk assessment model for reduction of costs, delivery of faster decisions, guaranteed credit collections, and risk mitigations. As such, several data mining and machine learning approaches have been developed for computation of credit scores over the last few decades. Moreover, the existing rule‐based classification algorithms tend to generate a number of rules with a large number of conditions in the antecedent part. However, these algorithms fail to demonstrate high predictive accuracy while balancing coverage and simplicity. Thus, it becomes quite a challenging task for the researchers to generate an optimal rule set with high predictive accuracy. In this paper, we present an effective rule based classification technique for the prediction of credit risk using a novel Biogeography Based Optimization (BBO) method. The novel BBO in the context of rule mining is named as locally and globally tuned biogeography based rule‐miner (LGBBO‐RuleMiner). This is applied for discovering optimal rule set with high predictive accuracy from the dataset containing both the categorical and continuous attributes. The performance of the proposed algorithm is compared against a variety of rule‐miners such as OneR (1R), PART, JRip, Decision Table, Conjunctive Rule, J48, and Random Tree, along with some meta‐heuristic based rule mining techniques by considering two credit risk datasets obtained from University of California, Irvine (UCI) repository. It is found from the comparative study that the proposed rule miner in ten independent runs of ten‐fold cross validation outperforms all of the aforesaid algorithms in terms of predictive accuracy, coverage, and simplicity.

Analysis of the causes of defects in ground floor systems of residential buildings

The objective of this research is to analyse the interactions among the causes of defects in ground floor systems of low-rise residential buildings, and on that basis, to identify the most significant causes. The data used in this study was extracted from engineering inspection reports of 250 residential buildings in Melbourne, Australia. Association rule mining technique was used to investigate the relationships among the causes of the defects in the ground floor slab systems and to generate support, confidence and lift values. social network analysis was then carried out using the confidence values and the most significant causes of the ground floor slab defect were identified. Inadequate site drainage and soil drainage, with the out-degrees centrality of 4.84 and 4.56, respectively, were found to be the two main causes of distress in ground floor slabs of the residential buildings. On the other hand, landscaping related problem was found to have the lowest out-degree centrality value (1.60) which implies that the occurrence of poor landscaping on certain residential premises might not be the major cause for defects in the slab. The output of this research can provide useful information regarding the causes of cracks in ground floor slab systems of residential buildings. Understanding the causes of the defects, in turn, can help developers and contractors to take appropriate corrective actions or to develop strategies to reduce the occurrence of defects in newly constructed houses.