Ophthalmic Pathology Research Articles

Anatomical and topographical characteristics of the eye in the early stages of primary angle closure disease

PURPOSE. To determine the anatomical and topographic features of the anterior and posterior segments of the eye in primary angle closure (PAC) and compare them with those in the primary angle closure suspects (PACs) and in controls.METHODS. This prospective study included 120 patients aged 41 to 80 years (60 eyes — PAC, 30 — PACs, 30 eyes — without ophthalmic pathology). The studied parameters included spherical equivalent (SE), intraocular pressure (IOP), choroidal thickness in the fovea (CTf), axial length (AL), anterior chamber depth (ACD), lens volume (LV), iris curvature and its thickness, anterior chamber angle profile: AOD500, AOD750, TISA500, TISA750.RESULTS. The PAC eyes differed from the control eyes by increased SE, LV, IOP, iris curvature, CTf, reduced ACD, AL, and the anterior chamber profile (AOD500, AOD750, TISA500, TISA750) in vertical sectors (p<0.01). Iris thickness was comparable between the groups.The PAC eyes differed from the PACs by increased SE, LV, IOP, reduced ACD, AL, AOD500 in the superior sector, and the profile of the anterior chamber angle in the inferior sector (p<0.01). Iris thickness, its curvature, as well as the profile of the anterior chamber in the upper sector and CTf were comparable.Threshold values that distinguish the PAC eyes and the PACs were determined: LV — 0.656 mm, AOD500 — 0.131 mm, TISA500 — 0.051 mm2, TISA750 — 0.093 mm2 in the lower sector and IOP 21 mm Hg. In the multifactor model adjusted for age, gender and AL, a negative correlation of iris thickness with CTf was established both in the PAC eyes and the PACs (all p<0.01), but not in the controls (all p>0.01). CONCLUSION. Parameters of the PAC eyes and the PACs significantly differ from the norm. LV and the anterior chamber profile in the inferior sector are the most informative for differentiating the PAC eyes from the PACs. Negative correlation between the iris and the choroidal thickness suggests that the choroid plays a role in the pathogenesis of primary angle closure disease.

Acoustic density of the sclera of keratoconus eyes and its clinical significance

Purpose: to assess the biophysical properties of the sclera by measuring its acoustic density in keratoconus, highly myopic, and healthy eyes. Material and methods. We examined 34 patients (67 eyes) aged 15–45 with keratoconus of various stages, 15 patients (30 eyes) aged 17–28 with high myopia and 15 people (30 eyes) aged 28–37 without ophthalmic pathology. The acoustic density of the sclera (ADS) was measured on the Voluson Е8 ultrasound device (GE Healthcare, USA) in the posterior eye pole (ADS-1) and in the equatorial area (ADS-2). The axial length (AL) of the eye, corneal thickness (CT), anterior chamber depth (ACD), and lens thickness (LT) were determined using Galilei G6 (Ziemer Group, Switzerland). The vitreal chamber depth (VCD) was calculated according to the formula: VCD = AL – СT – ACD – LT. Results. In keratoconus patients, the average ADS-1 value was 242.5 ± 7.4 conventional units (CU), ADS-2 averaged 234.1 ± 12.1 CU, AL was 24.6±1.1 mm long, and VCD was 17.1 ± 0.4 mm. In high myopia group, the average value proved to be significantly lower: ADS-1 was 210.3 ± 15.7 CU, ADS-2 — 201.2 ± 11,2 CU, while AL and VCD were higher: resp. 27.0 ± 0.7 mm and 19.2 ± 0.5 mm (p < 0,05). In the control group (healthy eyes), ADS-1 was 247.5 ± 2.8 and ADS-2 was 238.1 ± 0.6 CU, which practically showed no difference to the keratoconus group (p > 0.05). AL was 23.7 ± 0.6 mm, and VCD was 16.0 ± 0.6 mm. An insignificant tendency toward ADS drop in keratoconus eyes with AL over 25.0 mm was observed. Probably, we are dealing here with a combination of keratoconus with axial myopia. Conclusion. The acoustic density of the sclera of keratoconus patients approaches the respective parameter of healthy eyes and is significantly higher than that of highly myopic eyes. The analysis of acoustic density of the sclera and vitreal chamber depth may be considered as a method of additional differential diagnostics of keratoconus and congenital myopia with high corneal refraction and astigmatism.

Post operative opacification of polymethylmethacrylate, hydrophilic and hydrophobic acrylic intraocular lenses: A retrospective observational study

: To evaluate post-operative opacification of hydrophobic, hydrophilic and polymethylmethacrylate intraocular lenses. We had performed a retrospective observational study on twenty-one patients in tertiary care hospital of North India and a private clinic from March 2020-January 2021. History of systemic diseases like diabetes mellitus, hypertension, gout, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease was noted. We had also evaluated the patients for ophthalmic conditions like recurrent uveitis, retinal surgery, paracentesis for hyphema, open globe injury repair. The diagnosis of intraocular lens opacification was made on careful slit lamp examination. The patients with severe loss of visual acuity had undergone intraocular lens exchange procedure. The explanted intraocular lenses were sent for light microscopy with special stain and scanning electron microscopy. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software, version 21 (SPSS, Inc.) We found that mean age of patients with intraocular lens opacification was 62.5±6.82 years. The occurrence was 16(76.19%) in hydrophilic IOL, 4(19.05%) in hydrophobic IOL and only one (4.76%) was PMMA IOL which showed that the occurrence if IOL opacification is more in hydrophilic IOL. Light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy of the explanted IOLs did not show any deposits over IOL surface. Special stains were used and it was noted that Alizarin red was positive while Von Kossa for calcium was negative. We concluded that intraocular lens opacification can occur in any type of intraocular lens, but is predominantly seen with hydrophilic acrylic intraocular lenses. Also we came to a conclusion that various ophthalmic pathologies and systemic comorbidities accelerated the process of opacification.

Increasing demand for ophthalmic pathology: time trends in a laboratory with nationwide coverage

PurposeTo report the time trends in basic patient characteristics and the number of specimens received at a national referral center for ophthalmic pathology.MethodsData on patient sex, age at surgical resection and geographical location of the referring unit were obtained for all specimens received at the St. Erik Ophthalmic Pathology laboratory, Stockholm, Sweden, between January 1st, 1959, and December 31st, 2021.ResultsA total of 33 057 specimens had been received, of which 14 560 (44%) came from men and 18 477 (56%) from women (for 20 patients, the sex was not specified). The average annual percent change (AAPC) in the number specimens received was + 10.5%, whereas the Swedish population increased with 0.5% per year. Patients became older throughout the period, with an average yearly increase of patient age at surgery of 0.3 years (AAPC 0.2%). Overall, women were three years older than men at surgery (59.4 versus 56.4 years, P < 0.0001) The number of specimens increased with patient age from the first to the 8th decade, after which it decreased to zero in the 11th decade. The largest portion of patients had undergone their surgery in one of the hospitals or clinics in the capital region, with four of the five largest sources corresponding to the most populous counties in the country.ConclusionsDuring six decades, the growth in number of specimens sent to our national referral center for ophthalmic pathology has greatly outpaced the growth of the population, indicating an increasing demand for subspecialized services. Throughout the period, patients have become older, and a higher number of specimens have been submitted from female patients.

NEUROPATHOLOGY AND OPHTHALMIC PATHOLOGY

NEUROPATHOLOGY AND OPHTHALMIC PATHOLOGY

Computer Vision Syndrome: An Ophthalmic Pathology of the Modern Era.

Digital device usage has increased significantly in last decade among all age groups, both for educational and recreational purposes. Computer vision syndrome (CVS), also known as digital eye strain (DES), represents a range of ocular, musculoskeletal, and behavioral conditions caused by prolonged use of devices with digital screens. This paper reviews the principal environmental, ocular, and musculoskeletal causes for this condition. Due to the high prevalence of DES and frequent usage of digital devices, it is important that eye care practitioners be able to provide advice and management options based on quality research evidence.

Risk factors for the occurrence and development of paraneoplastic ophthalmopathies in dogs and cats

The frequency of oncological diseases in animals is becoming more and more every year. The development of diagnostic studies, the development of new treatment protocols contributes in some cases to improving the prognosis of the disease. However, a big problem is the development of paraneoplastic syndromes in various oncological pathologies, which leads, on the contrary, to a deterioration in the prognosis. There is no specific treatment for paraneoplastic processes – improvement of the condition and disappearance of paraneoplastic manifestations is the result of treatment of the primary tumor. Cancer-associated ophthalmopathies, such as paraneoplastic syndrome, are no exception. In addition to secondary eye pathologies, intraocular neoplasms are also found against the background of oncological processes. Intraocular tumors in animals are relatively rare neoplasms, there are both malignant and benign tumor processes. In dogs, we most often encounter pigmented melanomas, less often with squamous cell carcinoma and sarcomas of an unclear phenotype. In cats, the most common intraocular pathology is melanoma, followed by lymphoma and posttraumatic sarcoma of the orbit of the eye is not uncommon. They can develop in both elderly animals and animals of a younger age group. This article presents the results of studies of risk factors for the occurrence and development of immune-mediated paraneoplastic ophthalmopathies in dogs and cats. The article discusses the possible causes of the development of ophthalmic paraneoplastic pathologies, the etiopathogenesis of which includes a number of factors. The possibilities of innovative diagnostic methods, such as magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography, complete ophthalmological examination using modern ophthalmological equipment, are considered. And the variants of morphological diagnoses are presented, in which cancer-associated ophthalmopathies most often develop.

New method of surgical treatment of glaucoma

Background. Fistulizing operations are the most commonly used types of surgery for both primary and secondary glaucoma. The development of cicatricial blockade in the area of surgical intervention is considered one of the reasons for the decrease in the hypotensive effect of surgical treatment of glaucoma, for which antiglaucoma drainages are widely used.&#x0D; Aim. To evaluate the hypotensive efficacy of sinustrabeculectomy with implantation of drainage from collagen hemostatic sponge using Maklakov tonometry and quality of life indicators in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma in the course of surgical treatment.&#x0D; Material and methods. The study involved 52 people (52 eyes) (mean age 64.14.4 years) with a diagnosis of primary open-angle glaucoma. The inclusion criteria were the age of 4080 years, the diagnosis of glaucoma for more than 6 months, the ineffectiveness of local drug therapy, and the absence of severe concomitant ophthalmic pathology. All patients underwent surgical treatment of glaucoma: sinustrabeculectomy with posterior scleral trepanation and implantation of drains in the form of 42.5 mm strips from a collagen hemostatic sponge under the scleral flap in three zones: in the distal and lateral zones of the flap. In the postoperative period, the level of intraocular pressure was assessed on the 30th, 90th and 180th days. The patients' quality of life was assessed using the GQL-15 questionnaire. Statistical processing of materials was carried out using the Statistica 8.0 software package (Statsoft, Inc., USA), comparison in dynamics was carried out using Student's parametric t-test. The normality of the sample distribution was controlled using the ShapiroWilk test. Significance of differences in indicators was considered established at a significance level of p 0.05.&#x0D; Results. The surgical treatment of patients contributed to a decrease in intraocular pressure from 42.46.5 to 13.44.9 mm Hg (p=0.0000) and improved quality of life according to the GQL-15 questionnaire from 28.64.3 to 19.31.9 points (p=0.0224) on day 30 after surgery. During the observation period, the level of intraocular pressure remained within the normal range, amounting to 16.94.3 mm Hg on the 90th day, and 18.14.6 mm Hg on the 180th day.&#x0D; Conclusion. The modified method for the treatment of glaucoma leads to a long-term (6 months) effective reduction in intraocular pressure in patients and an improvement in their quality of life.

Углубленные методы исследования состояния внутриглазных структур

The article discusses modern research methods in ophthalmology, such as ultrasonic biomicroscopy (UBM) and optical coherence tomography (OCT). UBM allows to accurately assessing state of anatomical structures of the anterior segment of the eye. In turn, OCT is a non-invasive and highly accurate examination method that allows you to obtain a cross-sectional image of the examined tissues and measure the static density of tissues in real time. The use of these modern research methods makes it possible to carry out differential diagnostics in complex clinical cases, as well as to predict the outcomes and course of ophthalmic pathologies. Keywords: ultrasonic biomicroscopy, optical coherence tomography, ophthalmopathology

Biomechanical homeostasis in ocular diseases: A mini-review.

Diabetes mellitus-induced hyperglycemia is responsible for multiple pathological ocular alternations from vasculopathy to biomechanical dyshomeostasis. Biomechanical homeostasis is crucial to maintain the normal physiological condition of the eyes. Biomechanical features vary in eye tissues regarding different anatomical positions, tissue components, and cellular functions. The disturbance in biomechanical homeostasis may result in different ocular diseases. In this review, we provide a preliminary sketch of the latest evidence on the mechano-environment of the eyeball and its possible influencing factors, thereby underscoring the relationship between the dyshomeostasis of ocular biomechanics and common eye diseases (e.g., diabetic retinopathy, keratoconus, glaucoma, spaceflight-associated neuro-ocular syndrome, retinal vein occlusion and myopia, etc.). Together with the reported evidence, we further discuss and postulate the potential role of biomechanical homeostasis in ophthalmic pathology. Some latest strategies to investigate the biomechanical properties in ocular diseases help unveil the pathological changes at multiple scales, offering references for making new diagnostic and treatment strategies targeting mechanobiology.

Impact of COVID-19 on Ophthalmic Pathology

The Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) remains a significant concern to the public and a major challenge to healthcare workers. Although vaccination programs are generally regarded as successful, recent reports have shown that vaccine effectiveness is decreasing gradually, particularly as booster uptakes are low. The next pandemic is unpredictable and inevitable. Therefore, understanding the impact of COVID-19 on different aspects of healthcare will aid in adaptation to life with pandemics and enable prioritization of medical treatment. The SARS-CoV-2 outbreak significantly changed all sectors of healthcare. Ocular oncology and pathology practices were adapted to adjust to the many new challenges the COVID-19 pandemic presented. This review highlights laboratory modifications and shows how the number, type, and histology of eye oncology cases were impacted during the pandemic.

VITAMIN D LEVEL AND ITS LINK WITH VISUAL ACUITY AND CONTRAST SENSITIVITY IN PATIENTS WITH AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION.

The aim: Determination of vitamin D level and its connection with visual functions in patients with age-related macular degeneration, dry form. Materials and methods: We analyzed the data of studies (25(OH)D3 levels (nmol/l), LogMAR visual acuity and Logarithmic contrast sensitivity) of 2 groups of women of postmenopausal age: 1 group (58 people - 58 eyes) - patients with age-related macular degeneration (dry form) - study group; 2 group (29 people - 29 eyes) - people without ophthalmic pathology - control group. Results: In the study group, 37 patients (63,8%) had vitamin D deficiency, 21 people (36,2%) had vitamin D insufficiency. In the control group, these figures were 69% and 31%, respectively. These indicators were defined as low (the normal supply of vitamin D is considered to be 100 nmol/l and more). Visual acuity due to ETDRS chart in the study group was 0,22±0,04 (in patients with vitamin D deficiency) and 0,12±0,03 (in patients with vitamin D insuffi¬ciency), in the control group - 0,13±0,04 and 0,05±0,04 respectively. In the control group, the logarithmic values of contrast sensitivity (log CS) were 1,58±0,04 log CS (in patients with vitamin D deficiency) and 1,62±0,02 log CS (in patients with vitamin D insufficiency). For patients from the study group, these figures were reduced to 0,98±0,1 log CS and 1,10±0,06 log CS respectively. Conclusions: Patients with age-related macular degeneration, dry form, have low levels of vitamin D, with a predominance of its deficiency. It has been determined that with age-related macular degeneration, functional losses are observed when perceiving objects of low contrast.

Связь развития и прогрессирования различной офтальмопатологии с состоянием микробиома кишечника (обзор литературы)

Study results presented in this review concern the role of changes in the intestinal microbiota composition (the so-called gut microbiota dysbiosis) in the development and/or progression of various eye diseases. Nowadays, about 1150 species of microorganisms that can colonize the GIT have been identified, but no more than 20–30% of them can be cultivated. A huge study breakthrough of the gut microbiota species composition in a healthy person, as well as in persons with various pathologies, was obtained after a technique development for DNA sequencing. Modern researches focus on studying the effect of changes in the gut microbiome on human health, including his eyes. This suggests the potential use of this indicator as a non-invasive biomarker during differential diagnosis, as well as its introduction for ophthalmic therapy purposes. In particular, the association between the gut microbiota and the eyes can serve as a basis for the technique development aimed at the treatment of a number of eye diseases. For instance, dry eye syndrome, especially chronic progressive ophthalmic pathology, such as diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration, etc. KEYWORDS: microbiome, gut microbiota dysbiosis, association with eye diseases, development of treatment techniques. FOR CITATION: Rezbaeva G.N., Babushkin A.E., Orenburkina O.I., Gimranova I.A. Development and progression association of various ophthalmic pathologies with the gut microbiome state (literature review). Russian Journal of Clinical Ophthalmology. 2023;23(4):219–224 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.32364/2311-7729-2023-23-4-8.

Allostatic load in patients with diabetic retinopathy

This study investigates the allostatic load in patients with diabetic retinopathy and attempts to identify the biomarkers that determine it to the fullest extent. Allostatic load was studied in 78 elderly patients with diabetic retinopathy and type 2 diabetes mellitus, and in 62 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus without diabetic retinopathy. Allostatic load was evaluated by analyzing systolic and diastolic blood pressure, body mass index, glycated hemoglobin, total cholesterol, triglycerides, albumins, C-reactive protein, homocysteine in the blood and glomerular filtration rate. It was found that in patients with diabetic retinopathy the most pronounced and statistically significant excess was in the content of glycated hemoglobin in the blood up to 10.2% versus 7.4%, and homocysteine up to 15.5 mmol/L versus 7.9 mmol/L compared to patients with diabetes mellitus without diabetic retinopathy, respectively. The value of the allostatic index was significantly higher in patients with diabetic retinopathy, amounting to 4.6±0.4 points, versus 2.9±0.3 points in patients with diabetes mellitus without the studied ophthalmic pathology (p<0.001). Factor analysis made it possible to identify biomarkers of allostatic load in patients with diabetic retinopathy - glycated hemoglobin, homocysteine, triglycerides and albumins. The identified biomarkers can be used for assessing the viability and the effectiveness of rehabilitation measures carried out in patients with diabetic retinopathy.

Convolutional Neural Network based Retinal Vessel Segmentation

In human eye, the state of the blood vessel is a crucial diagnostic factor. The segmentation of blood vessel from the fundus image is difficult due to the spatial complexity, adjacency, overlapping and variability of blood vessel. The detection of ophthalmic pathologies like hypertensive disorders, diabetic retinopathy and cardiovascular diseases are remain challenging task due to the wide-ranging distribution of blood vessels. In this paper, Stacked Autoencoder and CNN (Convolutional Neural Network) technique is proposed to extract the blood vessel from the fundus image. Based on the experiments conducted using the Stacked Autoencoder and Convolutional Neural Network gives 90% &amp; 95% accuracy for segmentation.

Возможности коррекции оксидативного стресса в офтальмологической практике

A total of 238 patients presenting with the diagnosis of myopia or habitually excessive accommodation strain were examined and treated. It was shown that the introduction of antioxidative drugs in the combined treatment of the above disorders normalized the antioxidant properties of blood plasma and improved the blood supply to the eye which as a result increased the positive relative accommodation. The composite antioxidant drugs proved to exhibit the especially high therapeutic efficacy. Given the numerous reports of the successful use of this group of drugs in various ophthalmic pathologies, the great potential of this therapy area makes it expedient to search for new substances with antioxidant activity, as well as the best ways to administer them. Key words: ophthalmic pathology, oxidative stress, antioxidants, irrigation therapy

Оптическая когерентная томография как метод диагностики при синдроме Марфана

Purpose. Demonstration of a clinical case of Marfan's syndrome and methods for its diagnostic. Material and methods. The article presents a clinical case of Marfan's syndrome in a 4-year-old patient with ectopic lenses. One of the methods for diagnosing lens luxation was optical coherence tomography, which informatively demonstrated topography of the lens, consistency of the zonules of Zinn, and allowed to visualize structures of the anterior chamber. Conclusions. Marfan's syndrome is a disease caused by hereditary underdevelopment of connective tissue, the clinical manifestations of which are variable, ranging from an isolated lesion of the organ of vision (ectopia of the lens) to multisystem pathologies. The prognosis for the life of patients with Marfan syndrome depends, among other things, on the time of diagnosis and the start of treatment. In children, diagnostic causes several difficulties, which are associated with the absence of symptoms of the disease at a younger age and their manifestation gradually as they grow. 50–80% of patients with Marfan syndrome have an ophthalmic pathology. Most often, this is an ectopia of the lens, which is included in the Ghent criteria for the diagnosis. Key words: ectopia of the lens, Marfan syndrome, optical coherence tomography, iridocapsular complex of the lens, zonules of Zinn

Eye damage in COVID-19. Part 1: Involvement of the eye in SARS-CoV-2 virus transmission and anterior segment complications

In COVID-19, eye damage may develop at any stage of the disease. Viral ribonucleic acid has been found in ocular tissues, but the role of the eye as a route of infection is yet to be substantiated. Ophthalmic manifestations may be a typical feature of COVID-19 infection or they may develop several weeks after recovery. Ophthalmologists should be aware of possible relationships of an ophthalmic pathology with SARS-CoV-2 in order to obtain targeted case history, detect the specific signs, prescribe the necessary tests and thereby reduce the spread of the infection. These relationships are also important for early diagnosis and treatment of complications that threaten the patients’ life and vision. The first part of the review focuses on the possible involvement of the eye in SARS-CoV-2 infection and the spread of infection. Clinical manifestations of the anterior segment damage are considered.

Зрительный дефицит и гериатрически статус пациентов сельских районов с различной офтальмопатологией

Background: Diseases of the visual organ negatively affect the quality of life of the elderly. A comprehensive study of the pathology of the visual organ among the elderly population of the Voronezh region has not been conducted. The aim of the study: Analysis of visual deficit and geriatric status of rural patients with various ophthalmic pathologies. Materials and methods: The data were obtained retrospectively from medical records and case histories of 842 elderly patients (≥60 years old) who sought inpatient medical care in the "ophthalmology" profile in the period from 2018 to 2020. The extracted data included: age, gender, marital status, occupation, visual acuity, primary and concomitant ophthalmological diagnoses, medications, surgical interventions on the eyes. Results: The average age of patients was 69.8±7,5 years, 524 (62.2%) women. The most common were cataracts and glaucoma, there were also patients with AMD, DARP, refractive disorders, retinal detachment, senile pathology of the eyelids. Anti-glaucomatous drugs had a predominant share (57.1%) among all drugs used for the treatment of eye diseases. 66.4% were hospitalized for surgery, and 18.1% had previously undergone eye surgery. 61.4% of patients had a decrease in visual acuity of less than 40% in both eyes on admission, while 8.1% had poor vision or blindness in 1 or both eyes. Age and glaucoma were factors largely associated with severe visual deficits and blindness. Certain geriatric syndromes are associated with age in patients with visual deficits, among which the greatest prevalence is characteristic of falls syndrome, anxiety-depressive syndrome and cognitive impairment syndrome. Conclusion: The most common age-related eye diagnoses are glaucoma, cataract, and AMD. It is necessary to popularize the promotion of prevention and timely treatment of preventable causes of low vision and geriatric syndromes in the elderly.

Five-Year Visual Acuity Outcomes of Fovea-Involving Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachments Following Pars Plana Vitrectomy (PPV) or Combined PPV/Scleral Buckle.

Macular involvement is considered a poor prognostic factor for visual recovery after rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) repair. Few prior studies report outcomes longer than 2 years after repair with pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) or combined PPV/scleral buckle (SB). The purpose of this study is to evaluate long-term (at least 5 years) visual outcomes following fovea-involving RRD repair with PPV or PPV/SB. This retrospective case series evaluated eyes that underwent fovea-involving RRD repair with PPV or PPV/SB. Eyes with single surgery anatomic success and 5 years or more of follow-up were included. Eyes with other ophthalmic pathology affecting central vision were excluded. Paired analysis compared changes in best visual acuity (BVA) between two timepoints. Fifty-one eyes were included. Median (interquartile range, IQR) time to final follow-up was 7 (IQR: 3) years. Median pre-operatively BVA was 19.95 (IQR: 41.25) letters and improved to 80.15 (IQR:15.05) letters and 80.16 (IQR: 8.80) letters at the 1-year and final follow-up, respectively (P < 0.001). Thirteen of 45 eyes (28.89%) had an improvement in BVA of at least 10 letters from the 1-year to the final follow-up. Average BVA was 20/40 or better in 35/45 eyes (75.56%) at 1-year and 45/51 eyes (88.24%) at final follow-up. No eye had an average BVA of 20/200 or worse at final follow-up. Patients with fovea-involving RRD successfully repaired with PPV or PPV/SB have favorable long-term visual acuity outcomes. BVA may continue to significantly improve even beyond 1 year after surgery. The majority of patients have a BVA of 20/40 or better 5 years after surgery. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina 2022;53:674-680.].