Ophiocoma Scolopendrina Research Articles

Population Structure of Echinoderms Associated with Seagrass on the South Coast of East Lombok

The Population structure is the individuals within a population that can be grouped based on specific characteristics, such as age groups or age stratification, such as prereproductive, reproductive, and postreproductive stages. This study aims to assess the population structure of Echinoderms on the southern coast of East Lombok based on average size and determine association types. Data collection was conducted using the quadrant transect method. Subsequently, data analysis included average size values of Echinoderms, Association Index, and abundance (Di). The study identified eight species totaling 726 individuals across seven families. Among them, the species with the highest number of individuals in the Poton Bako area was Protoreaster nododus (27.82% of total individuals). Meanwhile, the species with the lowest number of individuals on Pantai Lungkak was Ophiocoma scolopendrina (0.55% of total individuals). The highest abundance value (Di) was found for Protoreaster nodosus at Poton Bako (0.20 ind/m2), while the lowest (Di) was found for Ophiocoma scolopendrina at Pantai Lungkak (0.00 ind/m2). The species with the longest average size was Synapta maculata (24.50±6.21 cm), included in reproductive stratification, and the smallest average size was for Ophiocoma scolopenderina (1.33±0.12 cm), included in reproductive stratification. There was an association of Echinoderms with seagrass beds, with a positive association observed in the Poton Bako area and a negative association observed in Pantai Lungkak.

Development of Biology Learning Media based on Echinoderm Diversity for Support Environmental Sustainability

Biodiversity was the important topic for biology learning to support environmental sustainability, especially in Echinoderms biodiversity. The purpose of this study was to identify Echinoderm species found on Pangumbahan Beach, Ujung Genteng, Sukabumi and develop e-booklet teaching materials for students. The research procedure is field observation with the exploration of transect methods at 3 stations representing 3 ecosystems, namely rocky sand ecosystems, coral ecosystems, and seagrass meadow ecosystems. Sampling was carried out by transecting a combination of plots with a plot size of 5 x 25 meters at three different stations and the develop the learning media with research and development method. The results of the study found 3 classes, 4 orders, 4 families, and 4 genera of Echinodermata consisting of 7 species, namely Ophiocoma scolopendrina, Ophiocoma erinaceus, Ophiomastix annulosus, Diadema setosum, Tripneustes gratilla, Synapta maculata, Euapta gedeffroyi, and Holothuria atra. The validation results of the booklet receive an average score of 88%, placing it in the category of very feasible for use in school learning activities. This media can empower students’ knowledge about biology topic, expecially in Echinoderm to support environmental sustainability.

One-pot green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using brittle star Ophiocoma scolopendrina: Assessing biological potentialities of antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-diabetic and catalytic degradation of organic dyes

In the current study, aqueous extract of O. scolopendrina (OSE) was used to synthesize AgNPs in a simple and environmentally friendly manner. The biosynthesized OSE-AgNPs were also assessed for its catalytic, antibacterial, anti-diabetic, antioxidant and dye degradation properties. The techniques like UV–visible spectroscopic examinations, TEM, SEM, TGA, zeta potential and FT-IR were used in the characterization investigations. The bioproduction of OSE-AgNPs was preliminary confirmed by UV–visible spectroscopic based investigation followed by microscopic visualization. The synthesized OSE-AgNPs exhibited a reddish brown colour and nearly spherical forms with sizes between 5 and 50 nm quantified by TEM and SEM. The attendance of functional groups like –OH and –NH present in OSE caps on the AgNPs surface was confirmed by FTIR analysis. Interestingly, in the presence of OSE-AgNPs, the degradation of dyes (CV, 95% and EY, 96% in 15 min) were noticeably accelerated. Further, OSE-AgNPs demonstrated substantial antibacterial activity; robust antioxidant properties andnotable anti-diabetic activities. This is the first account on the biosynthetic process of AgNPs using the aqueous extract of O. scolopendrina.

Spatial models of suitable sandy substrates for brittle star community conservation in Sancang Coast, West Java, Indonesia

Abstract. Suprapto PK, Husna IR, Meylani V, Basukriadi A, Wibowo AA, Nurdin E. 2022. Spatial models of suitable sandy substrates for brittle star community conservation in Sancang Coast, West Java, Indonesia. Indo Pac J Ocean Life 6: 87-93. The brittle star is known as one of the echinoids with the largest members. Currently, brittle star species are threatened due to harvests for fulfilling decorative species demands in aquariums. This study aims to determine suitable sandy substrates for the brittle star community in Sancang Coast, West Java, Indonesia, in three representative stations. Brittle star presences and environmental variables were surveyed using belt transect methods, and sandy substrate suitability was determined using scoring and an interpolation method aided by GIS. Results show three species belong to the Ophiocomidae, with Ophiocoma scolopendrina (Lamarck, 1816) (brittle lagoon star) being the most abundant. About 394,631 m2 of sandy substrates were available, and an estimated 47.52% is considered very suitable for brittle stars. Most suitable sandy substrates were located on the West side, characterized by low water temperature, high salinity, and alkaline water. In contrast, less suitable sandy substrates were located on the coast's east side, characterized by high water temperature, low salinity, and acidic water. To conclude, this research has identified which parts of the Sancang Coast should be prioritized to conserve brittle stars.

Mosquitocidal activity of Ophiocoma scolopendrina extracts against Culex pipiens and their antimicrobial potential

Mosquitocidal activity of Ophiocoma scolopendrina extracts against Culex pipiens and their antimicrobial potential

Abundance and Distribution Pattern of Echinoderms in Intertidal Zone between Sadranan and Slili Beach, Gunung Kidul, Yogyakarta

Echinoderm is one of the phylum which has high diversity and abundance in Indonesia, especially in Gunung Kidul, Yogyakarta. Sadranan and Slili beach are side by side beach located in Gunung Kidul. This beach is dominated by coral and rocky coral with macroalgae that provide the habitat of Echinoderms. This research is conducted to study the abundance and distribution pattern of Echinoderms in the intertidal zone between Sadranan and Slili beach. Sampling was carried out on Friday, 4 October 2019 at 05.00 p.m. in the intertidal zone using quadrat plot methods. The beach area is 2240 m2 which is divided into 21 plots with 1 x 1 m size. Data analysis was performed by measuring Margalef index (D), Pielou index (e), and Shannon-Wiener index (H’) then analyzing the distribution pattern and habitat parameters. The result shows that the Echinoderms which has the highest abundance is Echinometra mathei with 19 individual founds. The distribution pattern of Echinometra mathei, Stomopneustes variolaris, Heterocentrotus trigonarius, Ophiocoma erinaceus, Macrophiotrix longipeda, Ophiomastix annulosa, and Echinus sp. is clumped. The distribution pattern of Tripneustes gratilla, Diadema antillarum, Echinotrix calamaris, and Ophiocoma scolopendrina is uniform

New data on brittle stars (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea) from the Persian Gulf and Oman Sea, Iran

Brittle stars are one of the most diverse classes of echinoderms distributed worldwide in marine habitats. In this study, brittle stars were sampled by hand from the intertidal zone of the Persian Gulf's western part to the Oman Sea, from locations accessible without the need of a boat or diving equipment. Sampling time was set in the first days of the lunar month or at least the time of the lowest tide in each day. The specimens were first immobilized in freshwater, then fixed in neutralized buffered formalin, and finally preserved in 70% ethanol after one week of fixation. Of 22 sampling points, seven localities yielded intertidal brittle stars (Macrophiothrix hirsuta cheneyi, Macrophiothrix elongata, and Ophiocoma scolopendrina) during the sampling period (December 2017–March 2018). Ophiocoma scolopendrina is reported for the first time from Dayyer and Nayband in the Persian Gulf. We also re-evaluated recently reported data on ophiuroids from the studied area.

Diversity of Echinoderms in Intertidal Zone of Sundak Beach, Gunung Kidul, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Indonesia is a maritime country with high diversity of marine biota, which one is from Phylum Echinoderms. Echinoderms are known as biota of marine which is are living on corals, sandy, and on the intertidal zone and deep ocean. The intertidal characteristics of Sundak Beach has a suitable structure to echinodems life because there are many corals, but there is many species has not been identified before. The purpose of this research is to know the diversity of echinoderms phylum on the intertidal zone. Sampling was carried out on August, 24th 2019 with purposive random sampling method along the coastal-line in intertidal zone. The result of this research are identified and classified on the each class. Based on the results, the are found species from Echinodea, Holothuroidea, and Ophiuroidea. Species from Echinoidea are Tripneustes gratilla, Echinometra mathaei, Heterocentrotus trigonarius, Diadema antillarum., and Echinothrix calamaris. Holothuroidea namely Holothuria atra. Ophiuroidea namely Ophiotrix fragilis, Ophiocoma scolopendrina, and Ophiocoma erinaceus. The conclusion from this study is the discovery of five species from class Echinoidea, one species from class Holothuroidea and three species from class Ophiuroidea.

Diversity of Echinoderms in Intertidal and Shallow-water Areas of Samal Island, Philippines

Echinoderms are immediately observable around the coastal shores of Samal Island. Unfortunately, studies on echinoderm diversity are lacking despite its relevance to coastal and marine ecosystems management. This study attempts to update the existing records of echinoderms in Samal Island, however, limited to the intertidal and shallow-water areas. Field surveys from January 2018 to January 2019 yielded a total of 30 echinoderm species belonging to 17 families. Most of the echinoderms encountered belonged to Classes Asteroidea (sea stars, nine species) and Ophiuroidea (brittle stars, nine species), followed by Echinoidea (regular and irregular urchins, six species) and Holothuroidea (sea cucumbers, six species). Of the 1,015 individuals, sea urchins comprised the majority of the total individuals recorded (43.15%), succeeded by sea stars (30.44%), brittle stars (18.04%), and sea cucumbers (8.37%). Richest diversity was observed in Catagman with 23 echinoderm species recorded. This was followed by Camudmud (14 species), Pangubatan (eight species), Balet (seven species), Aundanao (six species), and Kaputian (three species). The five most commonly occurring species were the Echinometra mathaei (Blainville, 1825), Archaster typicus (Müller and Troschel, 1840), Ophiocoma scolopendrina (Lamarck, 1816), Diadema setosum (Leske, 1778), and Linckia laevigata (Linnaeus, 1758). Differences in distribution and abundance may be attributed to the variability of habitats available across sites. An intensive biodiversity assessment is recommended to evaluate how the physicochemical parameters and extent of anthropogenic activities shape the diversity and distribution of echinoderms on the island. The current work also provides the first documentation of ophiuroid diversity and the first record of the brittle stars, Breviturma krohi (Stöhr, Boissin & Hoareau, 2013) and Ophiocoma cf. cynthiae (BenavidesSerrato and O’Hara, 2008) in Samal Island, Philippines.

Distribution and Diversity of Echinoderms in the Coastal Waters of South Beach of Lombok Island

Echinoderms are benthic animals that can be found in almost all marine ecosystems but are mostly found in the intertidal coastal zone. Echinoderms play an important role as deposit feeders. This study aims to look at the distribution patterns, diversity, and habitat conditions of species in the southern coastal waters of Lombok Island, namely Kute, Awang, and Gerupuk beaches. The field survey was conducted using the quadratic transect method and free collection in October - November 2020. Based on the results of the research, a total of 11 species of echinoderms were found in Lombok Island consisting of 4 classes. Diadema setosum and Tripneusteus gratila were the most common species, whereas Synapta maculate, Holothuria leucospilota, Echinotrix diadema, Holothuria atra, and Ophiocoma scolopendrina were found in small numbers with uniform distribution (Id <1). Diadema setosum distribution pattern has the highest abundance with a clustered distribution pattern (Id> 1) in Awang and Gerupuk, and Tripneusteus gratila in Kute and Awang. The Diversity Index value is different in each habitat. The highest Shannon-Wiener Diversity Index (Hꞌ) was found in Gerupuk 2.18. The largest smoothing index is found at Awang 0.96. The largest Dominance Index (D) is found in Gerupuk 0.88. Based on the value of the Echinoderm community structure on the South Coast of Lombok Island, it shows that diversity is moderate, community uniformity is unstable, and dominance is low. information regarding the distribution and diversity of Echinoderm fauna in various types of habitats around the seagrass as a first step to anticipate the decline in the Echinoderm population in the waters of the South Coast of Lombok Island.

Diversity of brittle star and sea urchin (Echinoderm: Ophiuroidea, Echinoidea) of Krakal and Watu Kodok beach, Gunung Kidul, Yogyakarta

Ophiuroidea and echinoidea are usually lived associated with coral reef and seaweed. Krakal and Watu Kodok Beach of Gunung Kidul Regency have characteristics of karst rocks, rubble and fast-current sea. They have large intertidal zone that allows ophiuroid and echinoid trapped among the basin during low tide. The research was aimed to identify and determine the diversity of Brittle Star and Sea Urchin in Krakal and Watu Kodok Beach. Survey was conducted on November-December 2018 at Krakal and Watu Kodok Beach. The samples were taken using quadrant transect method during low tide. The result of present work showed a total of 391 individuals belonging to Ophiocomidae Ophiuroid (2 species) and 279 individuals of 4 species echinoids belong to 2 families (Echinometridae and Diadematidae) lived in both beach. The highest abundance of Ophiocoma scolopendrina was found in Krakal beach (33.4 ind.m−2) while Echinometra oblonga was biggest in Watu Kodok beach (14.4 ind.m−2). In both location the diversity was low with medium to high similarity.

The diversity of Echinoderm in Sarangan beach, Gunung Kidul, Yogyakarta

Sarangan beach at the coast of Gunung Kidul is dominated by substrates of sand, coral, and macroalgae where Echinodermata was found. This research was conducted to determine the diversity of echinoderms on that beach. Field observation was carried put during maximum low tide. Sampling was carried out by applying random sampling method. Specimens were preserved and identified. The sampled specimens consisted of a member of class Asteroidea (Anthenea sp), members of Ophiuroidea (Ophiocoma scolopendrina, Ophiomastix annulosa, and Ophiocoma erinaceus), members of Echinoidea (Colobocentrotus atratus, Heterocentrotus trigonarius, Stomopneustes variolaris, and Echinometra sp.).

Effect of human activities on biodiversity in Nabq Protected Area, South Sinai, Egypt

Nabq as “A Managed Resource Protected Area” or as “Multiple Use Management Area” is subjected to human activities that influence its biodiversity. Therefore, many field trips from January 2016 to January 2017 were carried out to detect the main activities in Nabq protectorate and their impacts on faunal macro-benthos biodiversity. Four stations representing two major habitats (mangrove and rocky shore) were chosen depending on anthropogenic activities. A total of 112 macro-benthos taxa were recorded in Nabq dominated with Planaxis salcatus, Nerita spp., Barbatia trapezina and Ophiocoma scolopendrina. The anthropogenic activities don't only affect the presence and absence of species, but also influence on the dominance status of species in the investigated stations. El-Rowayseaa and El-Dagal were unaffected stations showing more abundance and diversification than El-Gharkana and El-Monkateaa which were affected mangrove and rocky shore stations, respectively. In conclusion, anthropogenic activities are the main cause of recent changes to the marine biodiversity in Nabq Protected Area and their continuation may cause habitat damage.

Species Inventory of Brittel Stars (Ophiuroidea) at Bilik Beach, Baluran National Park, East Java

The Brittle stars is a member of the Phylum Echinodermata that lives in habitats in the intertidal, subtidal, and deep sea zones. Brittle stars can be found in areas of coral reefs, sand, seagrass, macroalgae (seaweed), and dead coral fragments. One of the many intertidal areas of the brittle stars habitat is in the Bilik Beach, Baluran National Park. Ophiuroidea is important to be studied in the conservation area, Baluran National Park, because it is a natural conservation area that has native ecosystems and is managed with a zonation system and utilized for natural tourism, research, science and education purposes. This study aims to determine the type of brittle stars found on the Baluran National Park. The method used in this research is descriptive method with road sampling technique in the Bilik Beach area. The brittle stars species found and described are 8 species, namely Ophiomastix annulosa, Ophiocoma scolopendrina, O. brevipes, Ophioplocus imbricatus, Ophiolepis cardioplax, O. superba, Ophiarachna parvispina, and Macrophiothrix longipeda.

Distribution Of Brittle Star (Ophiuroidea) on Rancabuaya Coastal Areas, Garut, West Java

This study aims to determine the distribution of brittle star (Ophiuroidea) in the waters of Rancabuaya coasts, Garut, West Java. The study was conducted in January-April 2016. The method used purposive sampling technique. The results showed that there were eight species (Gymnolophus obscura, Ophiomastix venosa, Clarkcoma canaliculata, Ophiocoma alexandri, Ophiocoma echinata, Ophiocoma valenciae, Ophiocoma erinaceus and Ophiocoma scolopendrina) into 4 genera and 2 families. Rancabuaya coastal has habitat characteristics with three types of substrate (rock, rocky and coral reef substrate) and the water conditions based on the substrate types (DO, pH, temperature, salinity) are in normal condition and suitable for the life of the Ophiurodea. The species of Ophiocoma scolopendrine has the widest distribution compared to other species because the substrate is in accordance with habitat its species. The results of this study can be used as baseline data for future coastal waters management.

Reef sponges facilitate the transfer of coral-derived organic matter to their associated fauna via the sponge loop

The high biodiversity of coral reefs results in complex trophic webs where energy and nutrients are transferred between species through a multitude of pathways. Here, we hypothesize that reef sponges convert the dissolved organic matter released by benthic primary producers (e.g. corals) into particulate detritus that is transferred to sponge-associated detritivores via the sponge loop pathway. To test this hypothesis, we conducted stable isotope (C-13 and N-15) tracer experiments to investigate the uptake and transfer of coral-derived organic matter from the sponges Mycale fistulifera and Negombata magnifica to 2 types of detritivores commonly associated with sponges: ophiuroids (Ophiothrix savignyi and Ophiocoma scolopendrina) and polychaetes (Polydorella smurovi). Findings revealed that the organic matter naturally released by the corals was indeed readily assimilated by both sponges and rapidly released again as sponge detritus. This detritus was subsequently consumed by the detritivores, demonstrating transfer of coral-derived organic matter from sponges to their associated fauna and confirming all steps of the sponge loop. Thus, sponges provide a trophic link between corals and higher trophic levels, thereby acting as key players within reef food webs.

Curacin E from the Brittle Star Ophiocoma scolopendrina.

Bioassay-guided fractionation of the extract of the brittle star Ophiocoma scolopendrina afforded curacin E (1), a congener of curacin A (2). Curacin A (2) is an antimitotic agent of cyanobacterial origin. The structure of curacin E was studied by interpretation of NMR data and the ECD spectrum. Curacin E has an ethylcarbonyl terminus in its side chain and inhibits the proliferation of P388 cells.

Total Synthesis of (−)‐Ophiodilactone A and (−)‐Ophiodilactone B

The first asymmetric total synthesis of (-)-ophiodilactone A and (-)-ophiodilactone B, isolated from the ophiuroid (Ophiocoma scolopendrina), is reported. The key features of the synthesis include the highly stereocontrolled construction of the structurally congested γ-lactone/δ-lactone skeleton through an asymmetric epoxidation, diastereoselective iodolactonization, and intramolecular epoxide-opening with a carboxylic acid, and biomimetic radical cyclization of ophiodilactone A to ophiodilactone B.

Floating mucus aggregates derived from benthic microorganisms on rocky intertidal reefs: Potential as food sources for benthic animals

Mucus films, flocs or foams consisting of fine sand, algae and detritus frequently occur in the surface waters of rocky intertidal reef flats during incoming tide. These masses are referred to as mucus aggregates. We examined the developmental process of mucus aggregates and their abundance, distribution, migration and trophic composition. The trophic composition of mucus aggregates was then compared to those of sediments to evaluate their potential nutritional value for benthic animals. The organic matter content, chlorophyll a concentration, microalgal density and bacteria-derived fatty acid contents of mucus aggregates were higher than those observed in sediment, suggesting that mucus aggregates contain not only high levels of organic matter but also dense concentrations of microalgae and bacteria; therefore, mucus aggregates may serve as a qualitatively more energetic food source for benthic fauna compared to sediments. Benthic diatoms were the most abundant organisms in mucus aggregates. Large numbers of diatoms were trapped in fine mineral particles and mucilage-like strings, suggesting that a portion of the mucus is secreted by these benthic microalgae. Mucus aggregate accounted for only 0.01–3.9% of the daily feeding requirements of the dominant detritivore, Ophiocoma scolopendrina (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea) over the entire sampling area. In contrast, for the species population on the back reef, where mucus aggregates ultimately accumulate, mucus aggregates provided from 0.4 to 113.3% of food for this species. These results suggest that mucus aggregate availability varies spatiotemporally and that they do not always provide adequate food sources for O. scolopendrina populations.

Ophiodilactones A and B, Cytotoxic Tetrameric Phenylpropanoids, from the Ophiuroid Ophiocoma scolopendrina

Two tetrameric phenylpropanoids, ophiodilactones A (1) and B (2), were isolated from the ophiuroid Ophiocoma scolopendrina. Their structures were determined on the basis of spectroscopic data. Ophiodilactone B has a novel carbon skeleton. They exhibit moderate cytotoxic activity against P388 murine leukemia cells.