Channa Striata Research Articles

Chemical Characteristics of Scales, Skin And Bones of Snakehead Fish (Channa Striata) After Soaked With Sodium Hydroxide Solution

Chemical Characteristics of Scales, Skin And Bones of Snakehead Fish (Channa Striata) After Soaked With Sodium Hydroxide Solution

Antibacterial activity of nano-hydroxyapatite paste of snakehead fish bone against S. mutans: an in vitro study

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Caries is the most common oral disease found in society. The prevalence of caries in South Kalimantan is as high as 46.9% in 2018. S.mutans is the causative microorganism in the initial occurrence of caries. Strategy that can be used to prevent caries is by adding nano-hydroxyapatite to the tooth paste. Nano-hydroxyapatite can be obtained from Snakehead (Channa striata) fish bone. Snakehead is a kind of fish that is abundant in Banjarmasin. This study aimed to analyze antibacterial activity of the nano-hydroxyapatite paste from snakehead (Channa striata) fish bone against S.mutans bacteria. Methods: The study consisted of 5 treatment groups: negative control (basic formula), positive control (casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate or CPP-ACP) and three treatment groups (nano-hydroxyapatite paste concentration of 10, 20 and 30%. The paste was made in the formulation of F1, F2, and F3. The antibacterial activity test by measuring MIC and MBC were performed using dilution method. Results: MIC of nano-hydroxyapatite paste was at a concentration of 10% with an average value of the difference absorbance of -0.468. MIC values in the concentration of 10%, 15%, 20% positive and negative control groups had a significant difference. MBC of nano-hydroxyapatite paste was at concentration of 15%. Concentration of 10% and the negative control group showed a significant difference, while concentration of 15% and 20% groups did not show a significant difference. Conclusion: Nano-hydroxyapatite paste from Snakehead fish bone has antibacterial activity in inhibiting and eliminating mutated S.mutans bacteria. The most effective concentration of antibacterial nano-hydroxyapatite paste to prevent caries was 10%. At this concentration, nano-hydroxyapatite can inhibit the growth of S.mutans without killing the bacteria.KEYWORDS fish bone, nano-hydroxyapatite, snakehead, S.mutans

Community Empowerment in Training of Fish Preservation Processing Typical of Wetland Environment with Commercial Value

Haruan, or cork fish (Channa striata), is an abundant freshwater marine wealth and is found in many rivers or swamp areas in South Kalimantan, including in the neighborhood of RT 05 Keliling Benteng Ulu Village. This fish has a high economic value and good nutritional content, especially albumin. Haruan fish is usually consumed directly by the community or made into salted fish. The problems found in the community are (a) there is no Haruan fish jerky production; (b) there is no knowledge of how to make Haruan fish jerky. The purpose of this activity is to increase economic selling value and provide nutritious alternative foods. Problem solving for partners is done by guiding the making of haruan fish jerky.

Analysis of Heavy Metal Cadmium (Cd) Content in Snakehead Fish (Channa striata) from Lake Rawa Taliwang

Rawa Lake Taliwang is the lifeblood of the West Sumbawa Regency community. The lake is surrounded by extensive agricultural areas, making the activities of local farmers a significant contributor to the accumulation of heavy metals in the region. This study aims to determine the cadmium (Cd) content in snakehead fish (Channa striata ) and assess its suitability for consumption. Sampling was conducted using purposive sampling with direct observation at Lake Rawa Taliwang . Nets or traps were employed at two stations, with two replications at each station. Data analysis involved calculating the cadmium content in the laboratory using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS). The results revealed that the cadmium concentration in snakehead fish from Lake Rawa Taliwang was 0.45 mg/kg (ppm). This concentration exceeds the permissible limit for metal contamination in food, as stated in BPOM Regulation Number 9 of 2022. As a result, the snakehead fish is deemed unfit for consumption.

Chromosome level genome assembly and transcriptome analysis of E11 cells infected by tilapia lake virus

The E11 cell line, derived from striped snakehead fish (Channa striata), possesses a distinctive feature: it is persistently infected with a C-type retrovirus. Notably, it exhibits high permissiveness to piscine nodavirus and the emerging tilapia lake virus (TiLV). Despite its popularity in TiLV research, the absence of genome assembly for the E11 cell line and Channa striata has constrained research on host-virus interactions. This study aimed to fill this gap by sequencing, assembling, and annotating the E11 cell line genome. Our efforts yielded a 600.5 Mb genome including 24 chromosomes with a BUSCO score of 98.8%. In addition, the complete proviral DNA sequence of snakehead retrovirus (SnRV) was identified in the E11 cell genome. Comparative genomic analysis between the E11 cell line and another snakehead species Channa argus revealed the loss of many immune-related gene families in the E11 cell genome, indicating a compromised immune response. We also conducted transcriptome analysis of mock- and TiLV-infected E11 cells, unveiling new perspectives on virus-virus and host-virus interactions. The TiLV infection suppressed the high expression of SnRV in E11 cells, and activated some other endogenous retroviruses. The protein-coding gene comparison revealed a pronounced up-regulation of genes involved in immune response, alongside a down-regulation of genes associated with specific metabolic processes.In summary, the genome assembly and annotation of the E11 cell line provide valuable resources to understand the SnRV and facilitate further studies on nodavirus and TiLV. The RNA-seq profiles shed light on the cellular mechanisms employed by fish cells in response to viral challenges, potentially guiding the development of therapeutic strategies against TiLV in aquaculture. This study also provides the first insights into the viral transcriptome profiles of endogenous SnRV and evading TiLV, enhancing our understanding of host-virus interactions in fish.

The effect of Channa striata, Moringa oleifera, and Curcuma xanthorrhiza extract on accelerating recovery in a ventilated patient with hemorrhagic shock grade 3 due to prolonged retained placenta: a case report

BackgroundMost of critically ventilated patients with severe hemorrhagic shock experience metabolic acidosis, hypoalbuminemia, electrolyte imbalance, and increased production of free radical. Channa striata has a high content of albumin, an essential binding protein that contributes to homeostasis, and when combined with Moringa oleifera and Curcuma xanthorrhiza, they act as powerful antioxidants. Administration of C. striata, M. oleifera, and C. xanthorrhiza extract orally may benefit patient with hemodynamic issues, including significant blood loss.Case reportA 40-year-old Indonesian woman came to emergency department with decreased consciousness resulting from hemorrhagic shock grade 3 due to prolonged placenta retention for 10 days after delivery of her third child. She had an emergency hysterectomy and was sent to the intensive care unit with a hemoglobin level of 4.2 gr/dL, despite already receiving two bags of packed red blood cells during operation, and she continued with four more bags within her first day in the intensive care unit. The patient was ventilated, was supported by vasopressors, and had a low albumin level of 2.1 gr/dL. Her hemodynamic profile was difficult to stabilize, with persistent gastric residue and periodic urine output less than 1 cc/kg/hour, thereby slowing the ventilator and vasopressor weaning process. Oral supplementation of C. striata, M. oleifera, and C. xanthorrhiza was given in the second day divided in three doses every 6 hours. After the second dose, gastric residue started to subside and disappeared after the third dose. The patient’s condition improved in the next 24 hours; she was extubated and discharged from the hospital in the fourth day.ConclusionThis is the first case report describing the effect of C. striata, M. oleifera, and C. xanthorrhiza extract in a patient with severe hemorrhagic shock due to a prolonged placenta. Accelerated recovery showed the possibility benefit of C. striata, M. oleifera, and C. xanthorrhiza extract in stabilizing oncotic pressure, neutralizing free radicals, and preventing further damage in hypoxic cells.

Biodiversity in Swamp Ecosystem in Sukamaju Village, Malind District, Merauke Regency, South Papua Province, Indonesia

Background: The level of diversity has a crucial role in the stability of the ecosystem. The higher the variety, the more stable an ecosystem, including agricultural land cultivated by farmers. Increasing of population affected the higher demanding of community towards their consumption activities. Especially, the natural resources that comes from local area such as Sukamaju District. Biodiversity of resources urgently needed to preserve the ecosystems meanwhile being the potential source to fulfilled nourishment of the people. This study aims to determine the diversity of peatland ecosystems by using a purposive sampling method in every selection of subject groups based on the characteristics or characteristics of a specific population. Methods: Field and Laboratory activities are needed in this research. Sample collection using several methods according to the targeted sample. Most of the sample using purposive sampling but also line intercept transect method. Fish sampling used a fishing gear called a gill net with a mesh size of 2-7 inches. The fish caught is placed in a labeled coolbox. Insect collection was running in the morning at 07.00-11.00 and in the afternoon at 3-5 pm (UTC+09:00). Sampling is held once a month for three months at predetermined coordinate points. Diversity was analyzed using Shannon-Wienner diversity, evenness index, dominance index and intensity on peatlands. Result: The results found seven orders and 30 families, with a total population of 1,231 individuals. The most dominant types of insects are the orders Coleoptera, Hemiptera and Lepidoptera. High diversity index (H'=3.021), high evenness index (E= 0.86243) and low dominance index (D=0.3101). Fish community structure obtained diversity index (H¢) included in the medium category, for uniformity values in the high class and dominance index values in the low sort. The dominant fish species found were Channa striata, Anabas testudineus, Lates calcalifer, Mugil cephalus, Plotosus papuensis and Toxotes chataerus, while Oreochromis niloticus, Oreochromis mossambicus, Hexanematichthys sagor and Megalops cyprinoides. While the types of molluscs found to have the highest abundance were Pila ampullacea, Pomacea canaliculata and Pilsbryoconcha exilis.

Ophiocephalus striatus Extract Supplementation Decreases Serum IL-6 Levels in Older People with Sarcopenia-A Single-Center Experience.

Sarcopenia, a condition characterized by muscle loss and decreased function in older adults, is a growing public health concern. This study aimed to investigate the effects of Ophiocephalus striatus extract on insulin-like growth factor-1 serum, interleukin-6 serum levels, and sarcopenia-related parameters in older adults with sarcopenia. This double-blind randomized controlled trial included 80 older adults with sarcopenia. Participants were randomly assigned to receive Ophiocephalus striatus extract or a placebo for two weeks. The IGF-1 serum and IL-6 serum levels were assessed as primary outcomes. The Ophiocephalus striatus extract intervention resulted in a significant reduction in serum IL-6 levels. Although the IGF-1 levels did not show significant changes, there was an increase for the intervention group. This study demonstrated that a 2-week intervention with Ophiocephalus striatus extract positively impacted the serum IL-6 levels in older adults with sarcopenia. While the IGF-1 levels did not change significantly in this short intervention period, the observed improvements in IGF-1, calf circumference, muscle mass, and muscle strength are promising. The findings suggest that Ophiocephalus striatus extract may offer a valuable intervention for managing sarcopenia, particularly in regions with abundant Ophiocephalus striatus production, such as South Sumatera. This study was registered with trial number NCT05869383.

Hydroxyapatite Characteristics from Snakehead Fish (Channa striata) Bone via Alkali Treatment followed by Calcination Method

Hydroxyapatite Characteristics from Snakehead Fish (Channa striata) Bone via Alkali Treatment followed by Calcination Method

Studies on length and weight relationship of Indian snakehead Channa striatus

Studies on length and weight relationship of Indian snakehead Channa striatus

Assessment of Heavy Metal Accumulation in Freshwater Fishes in Irrigation Tanks, Anuradhapura


 Sri Lanka is well known for its dense freshwater irrigation tanks, especially in dry zones, which play an important role in sustaining both the environment and human livelihoods by providing essential resources such as drinking water, irrigation for agriculture, and nutrition through fish proteins. However, heavy metal contamination poses a significant threat to the sustainability of these valuable freshwater irrigation tanks due to their persistence and non-biodegradability. These heavy metals tend to accumulate in living organisms and biomagnified and have harmful effects on high tropic level organisms like humans who rely on aquatic fish species via food chains. This study was carried out to assess the heavy metal accumulation in muscle and liver parts of freshwater fishes, Tilapia (Oreochromis sp.), and striped snakehead; Lula (Channa striata) in Kammalakkulama, Hammillewa, Kirindegama, and Madawalagama tanks in Anuradhapura district, Sri Lanka. The Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was used to analyse the randomly collected fish samples for total Cadmium (Cd), Arsenic (As), Lead (Pb), and Mercury (Hg) in the tanks. The results indicated a significant difference (p<0.05) in the detected concentrations of heavy metal levels in tested samples among the four tanks. The highest concentrations of Cd (2.098 mg/kg) and As (0.366 mg/kg) were recorded in the liver of Tilapia in the Kammalakkulama tank. The highest Pb (5.509 mg/kg) and Hg (2.015 mg/kg) concentration was recorded in the Tilapia muscle in the Hammillewa tank and the Lula muscle in the Madawalagama tank respectively exceeding the WHO/FAO standards. The accumulation levels of these heavy metals were higher in the fish liver compared to their muscle in most of the samples. Arsenic (As) showed a significant positive linear relationship (R2=0.531) between their dry body weight and accumulated concentration in the Tilapia muscle. The canonical discriminant analysis showed a significant differentiation among the four tanks concerning heavy metal levels in fish tissues.
 
 Keywords: Channa striata, Heavy metals, Irrigation tanks, ICP-MS, Oreochromis sp.

The diversity, distribution, biomass, and conservation status of ichthyofauna of the Singkil peat swamp in Aceh Province, Indonesia

Abstract. Razi NM, Nasir M, Khalidin K, Savira D, Najmi I, Mahfud M, Dermawan F, Fadli N, Muchlisin ZA. 2023. The diversity, distribution, biomass, and conservation status of ichthyofauna of the Singkil peat swamp in Aceh Province, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 6661-6674. The land conversion of the Singkil peat swamp into oil palm plantations poses a significant threat to the aquatic ecosystem, with potentially detrimental consequences for fish biodiversity. Several reports showed that there was no data on fish diversity in the Singkil peat swamp despite the damage occurring in the area. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the diversity, distribution, biomass, and conservation status of Ichthyofauna in the Singkil peat swamp waters. Sampling was carried out at 13 locations from July 2023 to August 2023, and the samples were caught using gill nets, casting nets, fishing rods, and traps. A total of 934 samples were collected during the sampling, belonging to 39 species, 31 genera, and 26 families. The results showed that Cyprinidae was the most dominant family, with an average diversity index of 1.23, indicating the medium category. The average dominance index was 0.42, which was placed in the low category. Channa striata (Bloch, 1793) and Trichopodus trichopterus (Pallas, 1770) had the highest frequency of occurrence and were found in seven locations out of 13 surveyed. Furthermore, these species were categorized as frequently found based on their availability. The average fish biomass was 288.75 kg/ha, with C. striata having the largest value. Among the 39 fish species obtained, 3 species were classified as near threatened, including Anguilla bicolor (McClelland, 1844), Mystus bimaculatus (Volz, 1904), and Kryptopterus minor (Roberts, 1989), while 1 invasive sample was recorded, namely Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758) in one location.

Experimental study of a closed-cycle heat pump dryer for snakehead fish

Snakehead fish (Channa striata) is a type of fish that has economic value. Apart from that, it contains albumin which the human body needs. Albumin is a source of animal antioxidants which functions as a radical scavenger so that it plays a role in the process of cleaning and capturing ROS. Albumin is usually consumed in liquid form and has a fishy smell, therefore, an alternative is needed, namely a drying method. Albumin is a protein that is easily damaged by heat. Therefore, the drying process uses a vacuum dryer. In the drying process of albumin powder, drying temperature is a factor that influences the quality produced. The best drying temperature for albumin is 49ºC and the reduction in albumin quality is at 60 ºC. Closed cycle heat pump dryers have the advantages of not being contaminated with dirt from the outside air, low and controlled drying temperatures, not depending on the weather, and relatively cheap equipment prices. This research conducted experimental tests on a closed cycle heat pump drying machine to analyze the performance and water content in drying snakehead fish samples and maintaining the drying temperature below 60ºC to keep the albumin from being damaged. In this test, the range of 40.3 – 50.6 water content was achieved, namely 5% of the initial water content of 78.19, 0.619, a drying rate value of 0.619 kg/hour with a total performance value of 10.15. And the comparison value of steamed water with the energy required is SMER 0.47 kWh/kg and SEC 2.10 kWh/kg and the heat pump efficiency is 25%. With the results obtained, this closed cycle heat pump dryer is very suitable for use in the drying industry, especially in the snakehead fish drying industry.

Formulation of Cookies with Substitution of Fish Cork (Channa Striata) and Moringa (Moringa Oleifera) Flour as Foods Functional Protein Wealthy

This research aims to develop cookies with fish meal supplementation cork and moringa flour for protein-wealthy functional food. The formulations of cookies with percentage variations, namely in F1 (70% wheat flour: 30% cork fish flour), F2 (60% wheat flour: 40% cork fish meal), F3 (50% wheat flour: 50% cork fish meal). All the treatment using the addition of 2.5% moringa flour. The analysis is protein, fat, moisture content, ash, and crude fibre. The data was analysed using One-Way ANOVA and a differential test using Duncan’s Post Hoc. The result showed cork fish substitution significantly affect protein, water content, and carbohydrate. The organoleptic test combination 70% what flour and 30% cork fish meal high acceptance in texture and taste. The best combination was cookies F3 with 50% wheat flour and 50% cork fish meal that have 17.40±0.06% protein content; 15.47±0.02 fat; 2.28±0.23 water content; 1.54±0.04 ash; 63.31 carbohydrate, and 1,96±0,03% crude fibre.

Impact of Fishmeal Replacement with Poultry By-product Meal and Fish Protein Hydrolysate: Effect on Growth Performance, Nutrient Utilization, Whole-Body Composition and Growth Gene (IGF-1) Expression of Striped Murrel (Channa striata)

Impact of Fishmeal Replacement with Poultry By-product Meal and Fish Protein Hydrolysate: Effect on Growth Performance, Nutrient Utilization, Whole-Body Composition and Growth Gene (IGF-1) Expression of Striped Murrel (Channa striata)

Formulation development and in vivo study of nanoemulgel of channa striata and citrus limon extract for caesarean wound treatment

Formulation development and in vivo study of nanoemulgel of channa striata and citrus limon extract for caesarean wound treatment

Evaluation of Growth Performance of Striped Murrel, Channa striata Larvae Produced in Pre-Monsoon and Monsoon Season Under Controlled Condition

Evaluation of Growth Performance of Striped Murrel, Channa striata Larvae Produced in Pre-Monsoon and Monsoon Season Under Controlled Condition

Culture of Fresh Water Fish Channa striatus Using Low-cost Feed and its Cost-benefit Analysis (Small Scale)

In India, the culture of murrels is still not common due to the lack of seed supply and knowledge of their feeding and breeding techniques. Given this, the present study is undertaken to culture this species and work out is economics as this is a prized fresh water fish Channa striatus. The seeds of C. striatus were collected from local breeders of the Kumbagonam area, Tamil Nadu, India. Seedlings were introduced into the two culture ponds separately. The stocking density was 400 numbers/tank. While in pond-1, the size of the fingerlings varied between 5-7 cm (ave. 6 cm) in pond-II, the size of the fingerlings varied between 10 and 12 cm (ave. 11 cm). The feed that was given to fish in both tanks consisted of chicken waste and fish waste which was obtained free of cost from the neighboring market and artificial feed (Make: Super enriched protein feed). The feed were given at the rate of 4% of the body weight. The results of monoculture of murrels for a period of six months was maintained. As evident from the table from an average individual weight of 400 to 510 g after a period of six months grew to an average weight of 350.3 g thus recording an average increase in weight of 60 g. The harvest details show that a total of 294.2 kg could be harvested after six months. The fishes were sold in two lots - the bigger sized fishes weighting 190.6 kg and the smaller sized fish weighting at total of 103.6 kg while the bigger fishes were sold at a rate of Rs.250 per kg, the smaller fishes were sold at a rate of Rs.200 per kg. The net income from bigger fishes was Rs.47650 and the net income from smaller fishes was Rs.20720. Thus, the total yield worked out Rs.68370. The profit during this term worked out to Rs. 52270. The results of the present study clearly show that Channa striatus culture is highly profitable for the farmers.

Exploring Organoleptic, Chemical, and Physical Properties of Foxtail Millet (Setaria italica) and Snakehead Fish (Channa striata) Cookies as Emergency Food Alternatives

High disaster risk in Indonesia necessitates the development of emergency food products (EFP). One potential EFP is cookies made from foxtail millet and snakehead fish. This study aimed to examine the sensory, chemical, and physical properties of EFP cookies with different formulations. This research used a completely randomized design. Variations in the composition of wheat flour, foxtail millet flour, and snakehead fish flour were P0(100:0:0), P1(8:76:16), P2(8:66:26), and P3(8:56:36). All treatments were analyzed for organoleptic quality using hedonic tests and proximate analysis, water activity analysis using an aw meter, and physical quality analysis using tensile strength. The Zeleny method was applied to identify the most optimal treatment, revealing that P1 emerged as the best formulation. P1 has the color, aroma, and taste that the panelists like, while maintaining a neutral rating in texture. P1 contains 241.51 kcal/50 grams of energy, 10.97% protein, 41.16% fat, 47.86% carbohydrates, 1.93% ash content, 4.93% water content, 0.55 water activity, and 17.16 N breaking strength. These results are in accordance with EFP and SNI 2973:2011 standards. The recommended daily consumption is 18 pieces (each piece weighing 25 grams) if not accompanied by any other food, or only 4-5 pieces if consumed as a snack.

Estimating the Total Annual Economic Loss Attributed to Climate Variations in Agusan Marsh Wildlife Sanctuary: The Case of Fishing and Farming Activities in Talacogon, Agusan del Sur, Philippines

The cost of alterations in the quantity or quality of ecosystem services (ES) that are traded on commercial markets can be approximated with the aid of a revealed preference approach, such as the market price method. This study used the market price method to estimate the total annual economic loss from the changes in the demand and supply of fish and crops due to climate variations in Agusan Marsh Wildlife Sanctuary (AMWS). Household interviews were done in the municipality of Talacogon using four sets of structured survey instruments to gather information such as the quantity supplied monthly by fisherfolks and farmers as well as the quantity demanded by residents at different market prices. The consumer surplus and producer surplus during peak and off-seasons were calculated to estimate the annual loss in economic benefits to consumers and producers. The most commonly consumed and produced products in terms of fishing and farming were Channa striata and Oryza sativa L., respectively. Climate variations have an impact on both fishing and farming commercial activities. During the dry season (March to August), fewer fish are caught due to low water levels in rivers and lakes, while crops cannot be planted during the wet season (September to February) because a lot of land areas are flooded. The total annual economic loss was calculated at PHP 99,974.50. This estimated monetary value can be a basis for decision-makers and concerned stakeholders to efficiently allocate funds for sustainable programs to capacitate the fisherfolks and farmers to increase adaptation mechanisms for climate variations.