Operational Priorities Research Articles

BAGAIMANA PENGOPTIMALAN MANAJEMEN ASET DAPAT MENINGKATKAN LABA PERUSAHAAN

Increasing corporate profits is one of the company's priorities in business operations. Many companies make large sales to increase profits, but the increase in profits does not correspond to forecasts made previously. One of the causes of these charges and expenses is the improper accumulation of depreciation of assets. Many corporate assets have high functional value when asset management is not optimized, but profits are lost due to poor asset management because management cannot control the assets. This has been felt by local businesses in Pontianak City, where efforts have been made to increase profits, starting with service improvements and ending with higher fees, but at the end of the reporting period, the company's earnings report did not meet the expected projections. One of the causes was the high depreciation expense and many assets that were not properly managed, resulting in unnecessary expenses and resulting loss of profits for the company decrease.

Implementation gaps affecting the quality of biodiversity conservation management: An ethnographic study of protected areas in Fujian Province, China

Policies play a vital role in setting goals for biodiversity conservation management. China has set an ambitious biodiversity conservation target since acceding to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD); however, there remains an obvious gap between China's conservation targets and the results of policy implementation. To understand the barriers to policy implementation, this study examined local actors' perceptions of biodiversity conservation policy implementation based on an adaptive management logic. We systematically investigated the status of policy implementation in protected areas in Fujian Province, China, through face-to-face interviews. We identified a series of barriers that affect the implementation of biological conservation policies, including conflicting priorities in functions, objectives and operations between local governments and local forestry bureau, controversy over forest tenure, inadequate funding and hierarchy-induced funding misallocation, insufficient professional expertise, and a lack of scientific support for the establishment, enlargement and routine management of protected areas. By incorporating the decomposition of interest, beliefs and power structure of multiple actors, we were able to establish links between management inadequacies and the broader political and institutional context. The intertwined interactions between multiple actors create the action arena through which bureaucratic structures and institutional deficiencies combine to distort the implementation of conservation policies. Our research has important implications for developing countries that are undergoing changes in their conservation systems.

An Analysis of the Development and Marketing Strategy of Art Merchandise in Art Museums

There have been many limitations and lags in the commercial operation of public art institutions, while art merchandise is an important business for the commercial operation and profitability of art museums. How to make profits in the market while still building an art brand image has been the priority for art museum operators to think and study. This paper examines the new experiences and innovative initiatives of public art museums in the art merchandising business through the case of the National Museum of Modern and Contemporary Art, Korea (MMCA). First, through the experience of operating art merchandise at the MMCA, it is found that a sound archival management of art museums is conducive to boost the quality and diversity of art merchandise and to dominating the market. Secondly, the production of high-quality digital content and its display on the visited web pages are favorable to increase online sales, raise profits and advertise the brand at the same time.

Trend in tropopause warming and its influence aircraft performance

PurposeTemperature anomalies in the upper troposphere have become a reality as a result of global warming, which has a noticeable impact on aircraft performance. The purpose of this study is to investigate the total air temperature (TAT) anomaly observed during the cruise level and its impact on engine parameter variations.Design/methodology/approachEmpirical methodology is used in this study, and it is based on measurements and observations of anomalous phenomena on the tropopause. The primary data were taken from the Boeing 747-8F's enhanced flight data recorder, which refers to the quantitative method, while the qualitative method is based on a literature review and interviews. The GEnx Integrated Vehicle Health Management system was used for the study's evaluation of engine performance to support the complete range of operational priorities throughout the entire engine lifecycle.FindingsThe study's findings indicate that TAT and SAT anomalies, which occur between 270- and 320-feet flight level, have a substantial impact on aircraft performance at cruise altitude and, as a result, on engine parameters, specifically an increase in fuel consumption and engine exhaust gas temperature values. The TAT and Ram Rise anomalies were the focus of the atmospheric deviations, which were assessed as major departures from the International Civil Aviation Organizations–defined International Standard Atmosphere, which is obvious on a positive tendency and so goes against the norms.Research limitations/implicationsNecessary fixed flight parameters gathered from the aircraft's enhanced airborne flight recorder (EAFR) via Aeronautical Radio Incorporated (ARINC) 664 Part 7 at a certain velocity and altitude interfacing with the diagnostic program direct parameter display (DPD), allow for analysis of aircraft performance in a real-time frame. Thus, processed data transmits to the ground maintenance infrastructure for future evaluation and for proper maintenance solutions.Originality/valueA real-time analysis of aircraft performance is possible using the diagnostic program DPD in conjunction with necessary fixed flight parameters obtained from the aircraft's EAFR via ARINC 664 Part 7 at a specific speed and altitude. Thus, processed data is transmitted to the ground infrastructure for maintenance to be evaluated in the future and to find the best maintenance fixes.

Neuro-fuzzy-based mathematical model of dispatching of an industrial railway junction

In any transport system, especially at industrial railway junctions, it is fundamentally important to build an effective timetable (traffic schedule) to regulate traffic flows. The task is complicated by the high dimensionality of the railway network of the node, the large number of variable parameters associated with scheduling the use of a traction resource (locomotives) during operation for sorting wagons and transporting payloads (ore, fuel, finished products and empty wagons). The problem is that most plotting problems are NP-hard, i.e. the algorithms for solving them, used to automate the process, may require an unacceptably long execution time by traditional methods of solving this problem (sequential, using reference information; method of thread laying). The article deals with the issues of building a mathematical model for dispatching an industrial railway junction to minimize the time of using locomotives in order to increase the efficiency of its operation. The mathematical model uses the technique of neuro-fuzzy computing to determine the parameters for identifying fuzzy systems and calculating the priorities of operations in the framework of creating a flexible schedule for the decision support system of the dispatching service. The results of modeling and recommendations on the use of the developed methodology are presented.

COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy among Italian Healthcare Workers: Latent Profiles and Their Relationships to Predictors and Outcome.

Vaccine hesitancy and conspiracy beliefs among healthcare workers (HCWs) represent operational priorities that require urgent attention. Identifying and classifying specific subpopulation of hesitancy is crucial to customize educational and intervention strategies to enhance the acceptance and uptake rate of vaccination. Thus, the main purpose of our study was to empirically identify latent profiles of vaccine hesitancy among Italian HCWs adopting a person-centered approach and investigating their relationships with antecedents and intention to get a fourth dose of COVID-19 vaccine. We conducted latent profile analyses (LPA) to identify different configurations of vaccine hesitancy based on five antecedents of vaccination: confidence, complacency, constraints, calculation, and collective responsibility among a sample of Italian HCWs (n = 573). LPA revealed four distinct profiles: believer (61.5%), middler (24.7%), hesitant (9.00%), and rejecter (4.7%). Having conspiracy beliefs was associated with a greater likelihood of membership in all but believer. Finally, the likelihood of intention to get a fourth dose of COVID-19 vaccine was lowest in the rejector and hesitant profiles. Theoretical contributions and implications for practice are discussed.

Incorporating TechQuity in Virtual Care Within the Veterans Health Administration: Identifying Future Research and Operations Priorities.

The Covid-19 pandemic dramatically changed healthcare delivery, driving rapid expansion of synchronous (i.e., real-time) audio-only and video telehealth, otherwise known as virtual care. Yet evidence describes significant inequities in virtual care utilization, with certain populations more dependent on audio-only virtual care than video-based care. Research is needed to inform virtual care policies and processes to counteract current inequities in access and health outcomes. Given the importance of incorporating equity into virtual care within the Veterans Health Administration (VHA), we convened a Think Tank to identify priorities for future research and virtual care operations focused on achieving equitable implementation of virtual care within the VHA. We used participatory activities to engage clinicians, researchers, and operational partners from across the VHA to develop priorities for equitable implementation of virtual care. We refined priorities through group discussion and force-ranked prioritization and outlined next steps for selected priorities. Think Tank participants included 43 individuals from the VHA who represented diverse geographical regions, offices, and backgrounds. Attendees self-identified their associations primarily as operations (n = 9), research (n = 28), or both (n = 6). We identified an initial list of 63 potential priorities for future research and virtual care operations. Following discussion, we narrowed the list to four priority areas: (1) measure inequities in virtual care, (2) address emerging inequities in virtual care, (3) deploy virtual care equitably to accommodate differently abled veterans, and (4) measure and address potential adverse consequences of expanded virtual care. We discuss related information, data, key partners, and outline potential next steps. This Think Tank of research and operational partners from across the VHA identified promising opportunities to incorporate equity into the design and implementation of virtual care. Although much work remains, the priorities identified represent important steps toward achieving this vital goal.

Main aspects of determining the operational priorities of the enterprise

Introduction. The purpose of the article is to determine operational priorities, as well as factors that will influence their choice by enterprises. In particular, the establishment of interrelationships of operational priorities, which will allow taking into account the impact of choosing one of the priorities on others. In addition, the identification of options for choosing operational priorities of the enterprise depending on the main aspects of its life activity. Purpose. Based on the analysis of scientific literature, determine the main operational priorities for production and service enterprises, as well as establish their relationship. Method (methodology). In the course of the research, such methods as comparison, induction and deduction, grouping, as well as analysis and synthesis were used. Results. The article develops an approach to determining the key operational priorities of the enterprise, which is based on the establishment of relationships between the selected priorities, which make it possible to take into account the impact of one priority on others, and the identification of environmental factors that affect the choice of operational priorities by enterprises. In particular, the interrelationships of the main operational priorities have been established, which include: production or service costs, quality and reliability of products or services, order fulfillment time, reliability of deliveries, etc. The presence of interrelationships allows you to take into account the impact of choosing one of the operational priorities on others and predict their transformational changes. The study of external factors affecting the choice of operational priorities made it possible to establish that at different stages of the life cycle of the industry in which the enterprise operates, it is possible to choose different operational priorities and to focus on several priorities at the same time. Other factors that will make it possible to specify each of the formed priorities include: the specifics of the industry, the size of the enterprise, etc. Prospects for further research are the development of recommendations for the selection of operational priorities by modern trading enterprises.

Demand Response for Optimal Power Usage Scheduling Considering Time and Power Flexibility of Load in Smart Grid

Demand response (DR) shaves peak energy consumption and drives energy conservation to ensure reliable operation of power grid.With the emergence of the smart power grid (SPG), DR has become increasingly popular and highly contributes to energy optimization. On this note, in this work, DR is adopted for scheduling home appliances to reduce utility bill payment, peak to average demand ratio (PADR), and discomfort. First, home appliances are classified into two categories according to time and power flexibility: time-flexible and power-flexible. Secondly, the demand-side users power usage scheduling problem is modelled as per the user priority and modes of operation considering demand and supply. Finally, the energy consumption scheduler (ECS) is developed to adjust the time and power of both types of appliances under different operation modes to acquire desired tradeoff between utility bills payment and discomfort, and PADR and discomfort. Simulation results depict that employing the proposed ECS benefits demand-side users by minimizing their utility bills payment, PADR, and achieving the desired tradeoff between utility bill payment and discomfort, and PADR and discomfort. Results illustrate that developed reduced utility bill payment and alleviated PADR without compromising comfort by 28% and 21%, respectively, compared to without scheduling case.

AN EXPLORATORY STUDY OF PREDICTORS OF COMPLIANCE WITH OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY GUIDELINES IN EMERGING BUSINESS ENTERPRISES

A key operational and strategic priority of the City of Tshwane is to ensure satisfactory compliance with occupational health and safety guidelines in business enterprises that are formally registered as well as businesses that operate informally without being formally registered. Formal registration enables businesses to benefit from assistance programmes that are meant for small, micro and medium-sized business enterprises. A report published by the Statistics South Africa (2021) shows that 55.6% of South African businesses are formally registered. A study conducted by Mphai (2022) shows that the main shortcomings in terms of ensuring satisfactory compliance are poor awareness and inability to enforce applicable guidelines and municipal bylaws in business enterprises. As part of the survey, quantitative information was collected from 406 businesses in and around the City of Tshwane. The level of compliance with occupational health and safety guidelines was measured by using a set of 24 standard indicators of compliance with occupational health and safety that are used by the WHO and ILO. The level of compliance in businesses that were chosen for the survey was 53%. By WHO and ILO standards, this level of compliance is inadequate. Recommendations are made with a view to improve the current level of compliance.

0-1 mathematical programming models for flexible process planning

Flexible Process Planning (FPP) is one of the key intelligent manufacturing techniques. The FPP problem is exactly and concisely formulated using 0-1 mathematical programming. Compared with the existing models, the new formulation simultaneously considers alternative operation selection and sequencing and operational method assignment under two optimization criteria. The new formulation does not need to plot the common AND/OR-network that often depicts partial possible processing routes. Distinctively, the important operational precedence constraint is beforehand transformed into the possible successor set of each operation and the possible immediate successor set. Three methods are creatively proposed to prohibit from generating a cycle in sequencing. The complicated criteria involving the machine, tool and setup changeover identification are linearly expressed. The experimental results indicate that the proposed 0-1 linear programming models are able to quickly obtain the optimal solution of the small-scale problems and stably find a satisfactory solution of the large-scale problems within acceptable time. Compared with the existing mathematical programming models for process planning, the proposed linear models have lower complexity and better performance in solving benchmark instances. In two groups of comparative experiments, the number of constraints of the proposed linear models dramatically reduces by 99.6% and 70%, respectively. Moreover, all benchmark instances are exactly solved by the Cplex solver using the proposed linear models within one hour.

Enhancement of inter‐area oscillation damping by wide‐area controlled hydropower plants

This paper examines how the combined use of hydro governors and a wide-area damping controller (WADC) can improve the damping of inter-area oscillations in power systems. Such oscillations can endanger the stability of power grids, thus damping them is a high priority for transmission system operators (TSO). To ensure that low-frequency oscillations decay as fast as possible, a modal linear quadratic Gaussian (LQG) is proposed as a wide-area controller approach. Using the 10-machine New England Test System, the combined application of the WADC in hydropower plants via generator excitation as well as via the hydro governor is examined for their effectiveness in terms of damping capability. In order to minimize the number of essential PMUs in power systems for the model-based WADC, the residue-based input/output signal selection method is applied. To increase the robustness against large disturbance faults, the generator voltage as additional signal is utilized for the WADC. For controller performance and robustness, the verification has been done under various operating points, tie-line failures as well as different PMU delays. The successful damping of the inter-area oscillation by means of wide-area controlled hydropower plants has been also demonstrated through a nonlinear time domain simulation.

EGS P22 Management of acute cholecystitis during the Covid-19 pandemic - A complete cycle

Abstract Background Acute cholecystitis is a common surgical emergency. NICE guidelines recommend early laparoscopic cholecystectomy should be performed within 1 week of diagnosis. Emergency and elective surgical provision was affected during the first wave of the covid pandemic due to high postoperative mortality and pulmonary complications. The objectives of this audit were to assess and improve the local management of acute cholecystitis during the Covid-19 pandemic. Methods A retrospective review of all patients who presented with acute cholecystitis over 2 months was performed in April 2020. Several interventions were introduced following the first cycle to improve our adherence with NICE guidelines, including ‘green elective surgical pathway’, clinical priority coding for elective surgeries, a hot gallbladder pathway, and a dedicated weekend and evening list. A re-audit was performed over 2 months in July 2020. These findings were presented at the departmental meeting. Results 34 patients were reviewed in the first audit and 37 in the re-audit. A higher number of patients with acute cholecystitis in cycle 2 had admission covid swabs (97.3% vs 64.7%) and interval covid swabs (54.1% vs 0%) compared to cycle 1. One patient was tested positive for Covid-19 in cycle 2 and was listed for elective operation. Cycle 2 revealed a higher rate of hot gallbladder (from 8.8% to 10.8%) and a shorter median length from admission to operation (from 4 to 1.5 days). A higher rate of patients was readmitted due to complications of cholecystitis in cycle 2 (29.7% vs 20.6%) compared to cycle 1. Conclusions The overall performance is still behind the NICE guideline recommendation. We have identified factors such as pressure on theatre facilities and resources and cancer fast-track priority surgeries during the Covid-19 pandemic. Ongoing audit and optimisation of the hot gallbladder pathway, elective surgical pathway, extra lists, and clinical priority of operations are important to improve the quality of care for patients with acute cholecystitis.

Firearm Suicide Prevention in the U.S. Military: Recommendations From a National Summit.

The U.S. DoD has identified firearm suicide prevention as a key operational priority. One vital approach to addressing firearm suicides is through promoting lethal means safety, which involves the voluntary use of secure storage for personally owned firearms and/or temporarily moving firearms out of the home during risk periods. Despite promising approaches to lethal means safety, critical gaps remain in research, programming, and communication among and across scientists, DoD programmatic leaders, front-line commanders, and service members. To address these gaps, the first-ever national "Firearm Suicide Prevention in the Military: Messaging and Interventions Summit" was convened in June 2022, bringing together DoD personnel and researchers with expertise in firearm suicide prevention and lethal means safety. The Summit identified 10 recommendations to enhance firearm suicide prevention messaging and interventions in the U.S. military, including (1) repeal or amend prohibitions on questioning service members about personal firearms; (2) develop, examine, and use common language for firearm injury prevention; (3) implement a universal approach to training on comprehensive firearm injury prevention; (4) encourage leadership across disciplines and levels; (5) aim for broad culture change; (6) support innovative research; (7) consider various outcome measures; (8) promote "cultural competence" for better communication; (9) reduce territorialism; and (10) develop creative partnerships. Ultimately, these recommendations can facilitate productive partnerships with a shared goal: to develop, test, and implement strategies that standardize lethal means safety and reduce firearm suicides and other firearm injuries or harm among service members.

Risk Factors for Postoperative Complications and In-Hospital Mortality Following Surgery for Cervical Spinal Cord Injury.

Background and objective The operative priority in the setting of traumatic cervical spinal cord injury (SCI) is to decompress the injured spinal cord and stabilize the vertebral column. Currently, there is a relative paucity of evidence regarding associations of patient and surgical factors with in-hospital mortality following traumatic SCI. In light of this, the aim of this study was to investigate the correlation of injury, patient, and surgical factors with in-hospital morbidity and mortality. Methods The study was designed as a retrospective cohort study. The electronic medical records (EMR) at a single tertiary centre in Australia were retrospectively reviewed over a five-year period (2016-2021). All adults who were admitted to undergoemergency surgery for cervical SCI were identified and reviewed for patient factors (age, sex, comorbidities), injury factors [injury severity score (ISS), American Spinal Cord Injury Association (ASIA) classification], and surgical factors (anterior/posterior/360 instrumentation, greater than five levels instrumented, operative time). Factors were correlated to in-hospital complications (infection, pressure injury, ventilator dependency, venous thromboembolism, stroke) and in-hospital mortality by using univariate analysis and multivariable logistic regression models. Results A total of 92 patients were identified from the EMR. The median patient age was 54.5years [interquartile range (IQR): 2.5];77(82.2%) of the participants were male. The median ASIA classification was C4 ASIA C. In-hospital mortality following surgery was 6.5% (n=6). Of these patients, the primary cause of death was respiratory failure in 83.3% (n=5). In-hospital mortality was associated with anticoagulation (p=0.01), coronary disease (p=0.012), complete injury (p=0.011), and ventilator dependency (p<0.001). Postoperative pneumonia was associated with complete injury (p=0.009) and polytrauma (p=0.002). Ventilator dependency was associated with complete injuries (p<0.001) and polytrauma (p<0.001). A logistic regression analysis found complete neurological injury to be significant in predicting in-hospital mortality [odds ratio (OR): 184.53, 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.41-14106.65, p=0.018, R2=0.58]. Conclusion To improve surgical outcomes in patients with traumatic cervical SCI, a concerted effort must be made to prevent postoperative complications. Cardiovascular comorbidities present significant risk factors for patients. Patient age appears to insignificantly influence postoperative complication rates; however, this finding may have been influenced by selection bias. Postoperative respiratory complications, especially in patients with complete neurological deficits, can be particularly devastating.

Reflections on the Roles of Apex and Intermediate Courts in New Zealand

The Supreme Court of New Zealand replaced the Privy Council as New Zealand’s final appeal court in 2004. Appeals to the Privy Council in the general civil jurisdiction lay as of right, but all appeals to the Supreme Court were to be by leave. The legislature chose not to change appellate structures and pathways which had long been designed to limit the number of appeals by leave. Rather, it was hoped that the Supreme Court’s broader jurisdiction and accessible location would allow it to meet its objectives as a final appellate court.&#x0D; The Supreme Court has done much to develop law for New Zealand conditions. But the number and quality of leave applications constrain its substantive output, which has apparently stabilized at a level substantially lower than was predicted in 2004. The underlying causes can be located in appellate structures and pathways which constrain demand and also affect the Court of Appeal.&#x0D; This paper examines those constraints and the Supreme Court’s attempts to address them. It identifies consequences for the distribution of law development and supervision of precedent as between the Supreme Court and Court of Appeal. The paper is a call for dialogue rather than a prescription for reform, but it does suggest that consideration should be given to adjusting pathways to improve the range and quality of work decided by panels of three and five judges. It argues that courts in an appellate hierarchy must pursue a collaborative approach if law is to be developed in a reasonably timely and cost-effective way in the common law case-by-case tradition, and it suggests that is best done through appellate restraint and conservative application of the rules of precedent.&#x0D; Keywords: appellate courts; distribution of responsibility for precedent; appeal pathways and leave criteria.

Stochastic analysis of a non-identical three units repairable system with operational priority to simultaneously working of identical units

PurposeThe purpose of present study is to carry out stochastic analysis of some important reliability measures of a three-unit system where there are two types of units called type-I and type-II. In type-II, two identical units work simultaneously to meet the system requirements while in type-I, a single unit is kept in spare and can be used to work whenever required at the failure of either of the units of type-II. The system starts its operation with type-II units and thus priority is given to the operation of type-II units. The type II units are different to type-I unit but can perform the same task. There is a single server who handles repair activities of both type of units and the units are assumed to be in pristine condition after every repair. Failures of both types of units are independent and constant. The system can fail at the failure of either of the type-II units and type-I unit.Design/methodology/approachSemi-Markov process and regenerative point technique are used to study the behaviour of different reliability measures of the system.FindingsIn this paper, a three-unit non-identical repairable system is analysed stochastically and its reliability characteristics such as transition probabilities (TP), mean sojourn time (MST), MTSF, steady state availability, expected number of repairs of units, expected number of visits of the repairman and expected busy period of repairman are derived to carry out profit analysis.Research limitations/implicationsThe direct application of the present study can be seen is case of a power distribution system where solar panels may be considered as type-II units and transformer as the type-I unit. Here, the case study is carried out by using approximate data from some old studies; however, a study with accurate data would be more preferable.Originality/valueThis paper is one of the few reliability studies conducted on a system with simultaneous working units. Also, the comparative study of the profit of the present system model has been done with that of the model Kadyan et al. (2020a).

Take on Board

Reducing the energy and power consumption of onboard auxiliaries is a key priority for rail operators in meeting sustainability targets. Here, EHRT looks at some of the key technologies worth exploring

Exploring the work and organisation of local Healthwatch in England: a mixed-methods ethnographic study

BackgroundLocal Healthwatch organisations are an important part of the landscape of health and care commissioning and provision in England. In addition, local Healthwatch organisations are a key means by which users of services are given voice to influence decisions about health and care commissioning and provision.ObjectiveWe aimed to explore and enhance the operation and impact of local Healthwatch in ensuring effective patient and public voice in the commissioning and provision of NHS services.DesignWe used mixed methods, including a national survey (96/150 responses, 68%); actor network theory-inspired ethnographic data collection in five local Healthwatch organisations (made up of 75 days’ fieldwork, 84 semistructured interviews, 114 virtual interviews, observations during the COVID-19 pandemic and documentary analysis) and serial interviews about experiences during the pandemic with 11 Healthwatch staff and four volunteers who were members of a Healthwatch Involvement Panel (which also guided data collection and analysis). Finally, we ran five joint interpretive forums to help make sense of our data.SettingOur five Healthwatch case study organisations are of varying size and organisational form and are located in different parts of England.ResultsWe found significant variation in the organisation and work of Healthwatch organisations nationally, including hosting arrangements, scale of operations, complexity of relationships with health and care bodies, and sources of income beyond core funding. Key points of divergence that were consequential for Healthwatch activities included the degree of autonomy from host organisations and local understandings of accountability to various constituencies. These points of divergence gave rise to very different modes of operation and different priorities for enacting the nationally prescribed responsibilities of Healthwatch organisations locally. Large variations in funding levels created Healthwatch organisations that diverged not just in scale but in focus. As the COVID-19 pandemic unfolded, Healthwatch found new approaches to giving voice to the views of the public and formed effective relationships with other agencies.RecommendationsWe identified generalisable principles of good practice regarding the collection and communication of evidence. Policy implications relate to (1) the overall funding regime for Healthwatch and potential inequalities in what is available to local populations and (2) the development of Healthwatch’s role given the evolution of local health and care systems since 2012.Future workFuture studies should explore (1) the consequences of the development of integrated care systems for local Healthwatch organisations, (2) Healthwatch in an international comparative perspective, (3) how the response to the COVID-19 pandemic has reconfigured the voluntary sector locally and (4) how Healthwatch responds formally and informally to a newly emerging focus on public health and health inequalities.LimitationsThe survey sought only self-reported information on impact and we were unable to recruit a Healthwatch that hosted several contracts.ConclusionsThe diversity of the Healthwatch network belies its otherwise unitary appearance. This diversity – especially in differential funding arrangements – has considerable implications for equity of access to influencing health and care planning and provision for residents across England.FundingThis project was funded by the National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Health and Social Care Delivery Research programme and will be published in full inHealth and Social Care Delivery Research; Vol. 10, No. 32. See the NIHR Journals Library website for further project information.

Survey on Various Syntax Analyzer Tools

Abstract: Syntax analysis forms the second phase of a compiler. Syntax Analyzer basically takes the input of tokens from the lexical analyzer and parses the source code according to the production rules to detect errors in the code. The syntax analyzer gives an output in the form of a parse tree. The syntax analysis techniques can be classified as top-down parsing and bottom-up parsing. These categories can be further subdivided into recursive descent, LL (1), operator precedence, LR (0), SLR (1), CLR (1) and LALR (1) respectively. Various parser generators can generate parsers of these types which have been studied and analyzed in this paper such as Beaver, Tatoo, APG etc. This paper provides an overview of all these tools with respective to their working, advantages and features. These syntax analyzer tools can be used for different purposes according to the user.