Delay Operator Research Articles

Impact of next-nearest leading vehicles on followers' driving behaviours and traffic stability in mixed traffic

Abstract There has been an increase in the number of on-road vehicles of all types, especially in some developing countries. The rise of traffic heterogeneity causes larger mixed traffic congestion. This study examines the impact of next-nearest leading vehicles on the driving of following drivers in mixed traffic. Although previous studies reported that traffic stability can be improved with the introduction of followers' anticipatory driving that refers to multiple leaders, the effect of anticipatory driving on mixed traffic has not yet been examined. Using data collected from experiments conducted with groups of two and three vehicles, we found that operational delay, maximum acceleration and deceleration of the followers were affected by the presence of next-nearest leaders. In addition, we developed regression models of the affected followers' behaviours with respect to the next-nearest leaders and identified the factors affecting these behaviours. For example, the followers’ deceleration is directly affected by the height of the next-nearest leading vehicles. Hence, the model parameters for determining the deceleration of following vehicles should take the height of the next-nearest leading vehicle into consideration. Finally, based on the regression models, we estimated values of parameters in the intelligent driver model when the type of the next-nearest leader was changed. Stability analysis based on these estimated parameters implied that a tall or short next-nearest leader with a large engine power would stabilise traffic when anticipatory driving of followers is possible.

New protection scheme for maintaining coordination time interval among relay pairs in micro‐grid by employing centralised master controller

The penetration of distributed generators (DGs) of large capacities in micro-grid introduces a considerable difference of current seen by the relay, during faults in its primary and backup region. This leads to several issues with the protection system such as relay miscoordination, delay in relay operation or failure in the relay operation (blinding). This study discusses a methodology to solve such issues by identifying the current status of micro-grid configuration. The proposed method performs well by maintaining the coordination time interval (CTI) between the relays, irrespective of the source strength (weak or strong), the mode of operation of the micro-grid (islanded or grid connected) or the micro-grid configuration (radial or looped). The method proposes three curves with different settings in a single relay. A suitable algorithm has been developed to calculate the relay settings for all the three curves of each relay, well in advance and this program is made to run in the central master controller (MC). Thereafter, MC sends the settings of all relays through a reliable communication channel. The proposed relaying scheme provides desirable CTI margin as compared to conventional over current relay. The simulation results of the novel protection scheme are validated through hardware emulation.

Predictors of poor functional outcomes and mortality in patients with hip fracture: a systematic review

BackgroundHip fracture is an important and prevalent medical condition associated with adverse outcomes. The aim of this article is to systematically review and summarise the predictors of poor functional outcomes and mortality for patients with hip fractures.MethodsWe conducted a systemic literature search using PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane Library. We included English peer-reviewed cohort studies that examined predictors of poor functional outcomes (such as independence in Activities of Daily Living) and mortality for patients with hip fracture published in the past 15 years (from 1 Jan 2004 up to 30 May 2019). Two independent researchers evaluated the articles for eligibility. Consensus on the eligibility was sought and a third researcher was involved if there was disagreement. A standardised form was used to extract relevant data. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) was used to assess the quality of the included studies.ResultsWe retrieved 4339 and included 81 articles. We identified two emerging predictors of poor functional outcomes and mortality for patients with hip fractures: low hand grip strength and frailty in line with an emerging concept of “physical performance”. The predictors identified in this systematic review can be grouped into 1) medical factors, such as presence of co-morbidities, high American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) grade, sarcopenia, 2) surgical factors including delay in operation (e.g. > 48 h), type of fracture s, 3) socio-economic factors which include age, gender, ethnicity, and 4) system factors including lower case-volume centers.ConclusionsThis systematic review identified multiple significant predictors of poor functional outcomes and mortality, with the hand grip strength and frailty being important emerging predictors in the most recent literature. These predictors would further inform healthcare providers of their patients’ health status and allow for early intervention for modifiable predictors.

THE INCIDENCE OF PERFORATED APPENDICITIS AMONG PEDIATRIC PATIENTS IN KHARTOUM NORTH TEACHING HOSPITAL, SUDAN

Introduction: Acute appendicitis is a common emergency condition in paediatrics with different ages. The perforated appendicitis is one of the most serious complications of acute appendicitis which may lead to peritonitis. The aim of our study is to calculate the incidence of perforated appendicitis. Methods: This is a retrospective cross-sectional study has been conducted at Khartoum north teaching hospital. The total number of patients was 214. Results: the most common age in this study are 13 years old and the mean age is 11 years, 128 of cases were male 59.8% and 86 were females 40.2%. All cases of our study presented with fever 100%, 80.8% presented with right iliac fossa pain, and anorexia 100%. 50.5% of cases came within the first day of presentation and 26.6% of cases came in 4thday of presentation, all cases presented with right iliac fossa tenderness, 15.9% of cases presented with perforated acute appendicitis, 67.29% of cases operated after 6 hours, 5.61% operated in more than 6 hours and 27.1% operated after 6 weeks. Conclusion: In this study the incidence of perforated acute appendicitis was 15.9% which is low in comparison with another study because there was no delay in appendectomy operation and the majority of patients came within the first day of the disease.

Sparse Finite Impulse Response Low Pass Filter Design using Improved Firefly Algorithm

In this work, optimal sparse linear phase Finite impulse response filters are designed using swarm intelligence-based Firefly optimization algorithm. Filters are designed to meet the desired specification with fixed and variable sparsity. The objective function is formulated consisting of three parameters, i. e., maximum passband ripple, maximum stopband ripple and stopband attenuation. The effectiveness of the proposed method is evaluated in two stages. In first stage, the designed filters have been compared with non- sparse in terms of deviation in their specification. The Comparative analysis depicts that the proposed approach of sparse linear phase FIR filter design method performs better than the conventional methods without significantly deviating from the desired specification. The proposed designed filter is then implemented on xilinx ISE14.7(Vertex7) design environment and their performance is compared in terms of time delay, resource utilizaion and frequency of operation. In the second stage, designed sparse FIR filters are compared with earlier state of art sparse FIR filters design techniques.

Hip Fractures: Therapy, Timing, and Complication Spectrum.

ObjectiveInvestigation of the treatment of femur fractures and the type of femur fracture‐associated complications regarding timing of surgery and length of hospital stay.MethodsIn this retrospective cohort study, a total of 358 hip fractures were evaluated retrospectively from 1 January 2008 until 31 December 2010 at a level I trauma center in Germany. Inclusion criteria was age >18 years and a proximal femur fracture. Both sexes were evaluated. Mean age was 75.5 years, most patients were female (63.7%). Intervention was the operative treatment of proximal femur fracture. Outcome parameters were time until surgery, complications, reoperations, mortality, and length of hospital stay.ResultsAmong the proximal femur fractures (n = 358), 46.6% were pertrochanteric, 11.2% subtrochanteric, and 42.2% femoral neck fractures. Operation upon hip fractures was managed regularly within 24 hours of injury (73%; mean for femoral neck: 28.3 hrs.; mean for pertrochanteric fractures: 21.4 hrs.; mean for subtrochanteric fractures: 19.5 hrs.). Delayed treatment, as well as implantation of hip total endoprosthesis (TEP), increased the overall length of hospital stay (15.4 vs 17.6 days; 18.1 vs 15.8 days). Accordingly, surgical procedures performed within 24 hours of injury resulted in a shorter hospital residence. Longest delay of operation was measured for hip fractures (28.3 hrs.).In 351 patients, secondary injuries were detected in 94 individuals (26%), with fractures being the most common secondary injury (n = 40). We recorded postoperative complications of nonsurgical and surgical origin, and 33.6% of our patient cohort displayed complications. Complications were distributed among 118 patients. There was no significant difference in complications regarding the time of operation, with most nonsurgical and surgical complications appearing within 24 hours after operation (n = 110 vs n = 31). Nonsurgical complications, such as anemia (n = 49) and electrolyte imbalances (n = 30), were observed more frequently than surgical complications (n = 107 vs n = 34); however, these complications were reduced by delay in surgery (82.0% in 6–24 hrs. vs 74.2% in ≥24 hrs.). Anticoagulant therapy and age did not affect postoperative complications. The hospital mortality of patients was 6.2%. Follow‐up was restrained to ambulatory visits in the clinic.ConclusionsSurgical management of hip fractures performed within 24 hours of injury minimizes hospital stay. We did not detect significant differences in the spectrum or number of complications regarding delay of surgery. Surgical complications mainly occur with rapid primary care, and medical complications can be reduced by more intensive preparation of patient and operation procedures.

No need for surgery? Patterns and outcomes of blunt abdominal trauma.

IntroductionThe management of a patient suffering from blunt abdominal trauma (BAT) remains a challenge for the emergency physician. Within the last few years, the standard therapy for hemodynamically stable patients with BAT has transitioned to a non-operative approach. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the outcome of patients with BAT and to determine the reasons for failure of non-operative management (NOM).Materials and methodsAnalysis of 176 consecutive patients treated for BAT was conducted in a German level 1 trauma center from 2004 to 2011. Abdominal injuries were classified according to the American Association for the Surgery of Trauma (AAST). Patients included were demonstrated to have objective abdominal trauma with either free fluid on focused assessment with sonography for trauma (FAST) or computed tomography (CT), or proven organ injury.ResultsPatients, 142 of 176 (80.7%), with BAT were initially managed non-operatively, with a success rate of 90%. The rates of NOM success were higher among those with less severe injuries; 100% with Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) of 1. In total, 125 patients (71.0%) were managed non-operatively, and 51 (29.0%) required surgical intervention. NOM failure occurred in 9.2% of the patients, the most common reason being initially undiagnosed intestinal perforation (46.2%). Positive correlation was identified (r = 0.512; p < 0.001) between the ISS (injury severity score) and the NACA (National Advisory Committee of Aeronautics) score. The delay in operation in NOM failure was 6 h in patients with underlying hepatic or splenic rupture and 34 h with intestinal perforation. The overall mortality of 5.1% was attributed especially to old age (p = 0.016), high severity of injury (p < 0.001), and greater need for blood transfusion (p < 0.001).ConclusionNOM was successful for the vast majority of blunt abdominal trauma patients, especially those with less severe injuries. NOM failure and operative delay were most commonly due to occult hollow viscus injury (HVI), the detection of which was achieved by close clinical observation and abdominal ultrasound in conjunction with monitoring for rising markers of infection and by multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) if additionally indicated. Based on this concept, the delay in operation in patients with NOM failure was short. This study underscores the feasibility and benefit of NOM in BAT.

المفاهيم الدلالية للتصاميم الرقمية الموظفة في الاعلانات التسويقية للبطاقة الذكية

Graphic design defines the design of communications as the art, practice, design and presentation of ideas and experiences using visual and textual content. The design can be physical or visual and can include images, words or drawings. The advertisement affects the recipient for a moment or over a long period of time. For the difference of purpose, whether commercial or educational, cultural or political, and may use the designer of more than one purpose in the same design The current research consists of two chapters Chapter I problem of research and need It started the problem of the current research through the following question: Designs to advertise The current research aims to identify the marketing of smart card advertising, as well as the detection of the semantic concepts employed in it, while the current research determines: Objectively: the semantic concepts of marketing advertising, in 2017-2018, and spatially: Advertising Marketing of Key Card in Iraq, and in the second chapter on three researchers: the first topic: the significance in the commercial advertising and the second topic commercial advertising and digital design, and the third topic: advertising marketing The researcher is a descriptive analytical method for the analysis of a five-digit sample of digital ads for Key Card, and analyzed them to reach the most important research techniques: Use the image as a means of achieving meaning through the use of socially agreed-upon images. The type of significance you use in advertising varies. Companies operations delay immediately. The world is paying increasing attention to the digital design of its economic resources

Uncertainty Simulation of Wood Chipping Operation for Bioenergy Based on Queuing Theory

Managing uncertainty is the way to secure stability of the supply chain. Uncertainty within chipping operation and chip transportation causes production loss. In the wood chip supply chain for bioenergy, operational uncertainty mainly appears in the moisture content of the material, chipping productivity, and the interval of truck arrival. This study theoretically quantified the loss in wood chip production by applying queuing theory and stochastic modelling. As well as the loss in production, the inefficiency was identified as the idling time of chipper and the queuing time of trucks. The aim of this study is to quantify the influence of three uncertainties on wood chip production. This study simulated the daily chip production using a mobile chipper by applying queuing theory and stochastic modelling of three uncertainties. The result was compared with the result of deterministic simulation which did not consider uncertainty. Uncertainty reduced the production by 14% to 27% compared to the production of deterministic simulation. There were trucks scheduled but not used. The cases using small trucks show the largest daily production amount, but their lead time was the longest. The large truck was sensitive to the moisture content of material because of the balance between payload and volumetric capacity. This simulation method can present a possible loss in production amount and enables to evaluate some ways for the loss compensation quantitatively such as outsourcing or storing buffer. For further development, the data about the interval of truck arrival should be collected from fields and analyzed. We must include the other uncertainties causing technical and operator delays.

PRECISION IMPROVEMENT AND DELAY REDUCTION IN SURGICAL TELEROBOTICS

The field of medicine is greatly benefited by telerobotic surgeries. It allows the surgeon to reach the patient remotely. Traditional surgical telerobotic techniques had several drawbacks mainly due to communication delay and lack of precision. Signal latency also causes significant delay in operations. This also causes the risk of increased human errors. The surgical workflow can be altered by the addition of features like self-correction and self-automation. In this paper, we reduce the delay in telerobotic surgery using supervisory control approach and apply a haptic feedback to regulate safety. Motion scaling technique is used to combat responses in delayed environment as well as to improve the accuracy of the system. Augmented reality, improved functional design, comfort and skills along with the ability to reach the patient remotely promotes the wide use of surgical telerobotics.

Evaluation of Delay Factors on Dry Bulk Cargo Operation in Malaysia: A Case Study of Kemaman Port

There are various types of delay factors that could affect the efficiency and effectiveness of the dry bulk cargo operation, especially in port. Hence, it raises the concerns of the stakeholders, as some of them can significantly affect their actual transport plans and cost them extra money to handle the cargo. Due to uncertainty of the most significant delay factor in some Malaysia's dry bulk ports, therefore, this study aims to evaluate the most significant delay factors that causing delays in dry bulk cargo operation by using the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) method. This study found that the factor of ‘Miscellaneous’ is the most significant factor that contributed to the most of delay creations in dry bulk cargo operation in Kemaman port. Meanwhile, sub-criterion of ‘Foul weather and tide prediction’ is selected as the most significant sub-cause of delay creation in similar port. This study contributes the practical technique and valuable findings to the port and its stakeholders, where it may alert the them to measure the factors that affect their operational performance and business. Also, it introduces the usage of practical and systematical analysis technique for assisting the seaport operator or interested parties in analyzing the potential contributors of a condition in the port settings.

Development of QoS Evaluation Algorithm for MQTT Protocol with Reference to Threat Model

MQTT protocol is publishing-subscribing model for IoT communication. In case of Quality of Services analysis, it is important to check the request and responses between publisher and subscriber. Any threat in communication channel is mostly leads to delay in operation. Hence, if we able to identify the delay parameter, we can suggest by means of QoS that there is a immediate need of security check for IoT system. As many IoT devices performed in unchecked, complicated, and often aggressive surroundings, safe-guarding IoT units present many different challenges. The key purpose for support quality degradation of IoT device interaction can be harmful attacks. Plenty of gadgets are often susceptible to port attacks/botnets hits, such as network attack events, which usually assessed by performing QoS Analysis. To start with factors affecting Quality of Services (QoS), in this paper we developed QoS evaluation algorithm “MQoS” for MQTT protocol and considered QoS-0 as an evaluation parameter. This paper refers the threat model which represents the flow of threats for proposed case study and can help to identify QoS by evaluating the possible communication threats. End–to-end device communication requests and responses are needed to be evaluated for large systems to get the actual QoS parameters for that system. For this reason the actual QoS tests will be conducted for third party applications.In this paper we presented results of MQTTv311 simulation for cooling sensor system.

Cutter wear evaluation from operational parameters in EPB tunneling of Chengdu Metro

Cutterhead inspection and maintenance is an important reason for operational delays in EPB tunneling project. In order to minimize the number of maintenance stops, non-entry evaluation of cutter wear is required. This study introduces a new prediction model for cutter wear based on automatically recorded operational parameters including cutterhead torque, rotational speed and flow rate of foaming liquid. Real-time operational data was processed to obtain two robust input variables including work done by cutterhead torque and volume of foaming liquid. Field data from 20 tunnel sections of Chengdu Metro were then analyzed to develop quantitative relationships between the two input variables and cutter wear. These tunnel sections were excavated by two types of EPB machines in gravels and weathered rocks. The analyzed real-time operational data covers an excavated length of 14140 m. To ignore the influence of tunnel diameter, prediction model of cutter wear per unit volume of excavation was also developed. The proposed models provide reasonable evaluation of tool wear (R2 up to 0.857) in gravels and weathered rocks, for which cutter wear prediction based on geological parameters is rather difficult because of huge variation of the materials.

Optimal timing of pancreaticoduodenectomy following preoperative biliary drainage considering major morbidity and postoperative survival.

The present study aimed to determine the optimal timing of pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) following preoperative biliary drainage (PBD) with consideration of postoperative morbidity and survival. Between January 2007 and December 2015, consecutive 1,568 patients underwent PD at a single institution. Their data were reviewed retrospectively. Of all, 831 patients underwent PBD. The mean duration between drainage and surgery was 16.9days. Regarding postoperative outcomes, length of hospital stay was longer in the drainage group (P=0.028). Postoperative pancreatic fistula was not significantly different between the non-drainage and drainage groups (P=0.162), but major complications occurred more frequently in the drainage group (P=0.002). Multivariable analysis showed major complications occurred significantly at third and fourth weeks (odds ratios 1.863 and 2.523) after PBD, whereas early surgery performed in the first 2weeks did not noticeably increase postoperative complications. In multivariable survival comparison, weekly interval beyond 6weeks was associated with poor survival in those with pancreatic cancer, while patients with bile duct cancer operated on at the fourthweek showed worse prognosis. Early surgery that reduces the operative delay after PBD may improve both short- and long-term postoperative outcomes in cancer patients undergoing PBD.

Causal Factors of Flight Delay in Nigerian Airport: A Case Study of Murtala Muhammed International Airport

Delay is a prominent event mostly experienced at the airport by both airline and passengers. Globally delay is permitted at 15mins later than the scheduled time. Assessing the level of delay in the airport is a major criterion for measuring airport performance. Aircraft not adhering to schedule flight results in increased airport congestion, cancellation flight and flight delay. This study made use of primary data through well-structured questionnaires to obtain information from selected NAMA Staff at the Murtala Muhammed International Airport (MMIA). Operational delay report for a month and Airlines flight were examined for two months under the MMA2 to know the deviation of scheduled flight time from actual flight time. Descriptive Analysis, Wilcoxon Rank test, Factor Analysis and Step Wise Regression were the statistical tools deployed for this research. Findings showed that on a monthly base, 63% of the domestic traffic flows are delayed. Some factors responsible for delay were considered: aircraft damage, bad weather, aircraft maintenance, VIP movement and fueling are the major factor responsible for delay of aircraft Movement.

Long-term radiographic and clinical-functional outcomes of isolated, displaced, closed talar neck and body fractures treated by ORIF: the timing of surgical management

BackgroundThe main purpose of this retrospective case series study was to evaluate long-term radiographic and clinical outcomes of a consecutive series of patients diagnosed with isolated, displaced, closed talar neck or body fractures treated by open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF). Secondly, the aim was to verify the influence of the location of talar fractures on the outcomes, the prognostic value of the Hawkins sign, whether operative delays promote avascular necrosis (AVN) and if the fractures require emergent surgical management.MethodsFrom January 2007 to December 2012, at our institution, 31 patients underwent ORIF through the use of screws. On the basis of Inokuchi criteria, the injuries were divided between neck and body fractures, which were classified according to Hawkins and Sneppen, respectively. The patients included were divided into two groups in relation to fracture location and complexity. Radiographic assessment focused on reduction quality, bone healing, the Hawkins sign and post-traumatic arthritis (PTA) development. For the clinical evaluation, clinical-functional scores (AOFAS Ankle-Hindfoot Score; MFS; FFI-17; SF-36) and VAS were determined, and statistical analysis was performed.Results27 patients, 19 males and 8 females, mean age 38.3 years, were included with an average follow-up period of 83.2 months (range 49–119). There were 9 neck and 19 body fractures; their reduction was anatomical or nearly anatomical in 22 cases, and all reached radiographic consolidation after a mean period of 3.4 months (range 1.7–7). The Hawkins sign was observed in 9 cases, in which necrosis did not develop. With a 0–11 day surgical timing interval, more than 60% of the patients obtained good or fair results with different scores, while 18 (66.7%) were completely satisfied (VAS: 9–10). The early complications included malunions (21.4%) and wound problems (25%); the late complications involved AVN (25%) and PTA (78.6%).ConclusionsDespite a high rate of long-term complications, satisfactory clinical results were achieved. Talar fracture location did not influence the outcomes, the Hawkins sign was confirmed as a positive prognostic factor, and operation timing did not influence AVN development. Hence, these injuries do not require emergent surgical management by ORIF.

2019 Canadian Surgery Forum Abstracts.

# 01. The future of general surgery training: a Canadian resident nationwide Delphi consensus statement {#article-title-2} Various pedagogical models have been introduced in an attempt to improve and restructure surgical training, but significant obstacles remain. Before implementing national

Wearable Indoor Tracking Device using Wi-Fi Positioning System with PPG Sensor and Android Application

Many inventions that manifest the required qualities for the improvement of the search and rescue operations are made. However, the present inventions do not cover accurate tracking of the victims which contributes to a delay during operation. Thus, a Wearable Indoor Tracking Device using Wi-Fi Positioning System with PPG Sensor and Android Application is developed to uplift the limitations of the devices present today which can resolve the delay of search and rescue operation. This project focuses on detecting the specific location of the victims which includes distance and direction from rescuer’s perspective as well as the victim's status. Moreover, the location and status of the victim can be viewed simultaneously through an Android Application. To achieve the tracking technology, trilateration technique is used. It manipulates the calculated distance of the beacons by finding their intersection. To get the measured distance the researchers use an algorithm named Free Space Path Loss wherein it converts the Wi-Fi strength into distance. For the direction, slope formula is used to determine the measured angle between the rescuer and the victim. Therefore, by making this wearable device, the search and rescue operation will increase its accuracy to 80% in finding the distance of the rescuer and the victim and by 100% in finding the direction of the rescuer from the victim.

The Presidential Order and Challenges of the Maritime Sector in Nigeria

This paper evaluated the 2017 Presidential order and the challenges of the Nigeria Maritime Sector as it hampered the smooth, efficient and effective running of the activities within the maritime sector. These challenges ranges from operational delays, marine theft or robbery, hijacking or kidnapping, piracy, militancy, illegal maritime operations and the likes. The implications are enormous as they have over the years significantly impacted negatively on critical sector of the economy ranging from transportation, production, oil and gas sectors and more importantly, threatened the growth and advancement of the regional maritime trade. This paper adopted several literatures and from their assessment and analysis, it was found that, significant relationship existed between the presidential order and the ease of doing business within the maritime sector. The study also found that there is a significant relationship between the presidential order and infrastructural development of the maritime sub-systems. It was also recommended that going forward, government’s approach to maritime policies and issues should be devoid of any form of ad-hoc, fire brigade or kill-and –go methods that have never helped us in this part of the globe. Hence, stakeholders’ engagement is dimmed necessary for an effective, efficient and sustainable maritime security and safety to prompt maritime operational activities.

Is It Rational to Study Coagulations Test Routinely before Operations and Invasive Procedure: Single Center Retrospective Study

Background: Detailed history taking, physical examination and laboratory tests are useful tools to document any abnormal bleeding risk before an operation or an invasive procedure. Althoughcoagulation tests are routinely used to demonstrate the pathological situations at the coagulation cascade or to follow-up the anticoagulation therapies, their role in determining the bleeding risk in preoperative patients is controversial. Materials and Methods: In this study, we aimed to evaluate the patients referring to our hematology clinic at Izmir Katip Celebi University Hospital for preoperative consultation due to elevated levels ofcoagulation tests. Results: Fifty-six patients with high PT/PTT levels were enrolled in this study. Twenty-six (46.4%) patients were male and 30 (53.6%) were female. The median age was 34 (18-75) years. We documented bleeding history in 12 (21.4%) patients. The patients having a bleeding history revealed mostly abnormal uterine bleeding, epistaxis, and gingival bleeding. Life threatening bleeding was not reported in any of the patients. The operations were cancelled or postponed at least one month in 38 (67.8%) and 10 (17.8%) patients, respectively. Per-operative or post-operative abnormal bleeding was not documented. We did not find any statistically significant difference between groups with or without elevated coagulation tests in terms of abnormal bleeding in the operations. Conclusion: Coagulations tests should be studied in selected group of patients. Additionally, mildly elevated results should be interpreted carefully to decrease the rate of cancellation and delay in operations and unnecessary increase in costs.