Operation Of System Research Articles

Integrated urban wastewater system operation: Performance evaluation and sewer network's operation implications

ABSTRACT The paper deals with the operation of the Integrated Urban Wastewater System as composed of the Sewer Network and associated Wastewater Treatment Plant. The performance of the integrated system is defined in terms of appropriate, selected, performance indicators of both subsystems. Both subsystems are connected and interact by a piping system. It is shown how the performance of the Integrated Urban Wastewater System is affected by various Sewer Network control scenarios: (1) only the Sewer Network outlet valve opening is controlled, (2) all the Sewer Network valves are controlled by a Model Predictive Control algorithm developed for minimizing the environmental impact of the subsystem and modified by constraining it in terms of Sewer Network outlet valve opening. More specific, it is proven that the Sewer Network outlet valve opening has an important role in the performances of the integrated system, and that already existing Sewer Network control strategies can be altered in such a way that they will enhance these performances.

Integrated management of electric vehicle sharing system operations and Internet of Vehicles energy scheduling

The sharing of electric vehicles and the Internet of Vehicles both positively impact societal benefits. However, the complexity, uncertainty and multi-directionality of transport–energy coupled systems greatly increase the difficulty of integrated management. This paper proposes a multi-objective robust optimization framework to solve the integrated management issue of electric vehicle sharing system operations and Internet of Vehicles energy scheduling under uncertain information, in which components such as renewable energy, microgrids, autonomous driving and their impacts are fully considered. To enhance the capability of integrated management and the synergy between supply and demand, a charging and discharging scheduling strategy that considers a converged demand response policy is proposed. Numerical analyses using real data provide valuable validation and insights. The proposed method and scheduling strategy enable the implementation of integrated management in photovoltaic microgrids and significantly improve economic and environmental benefits. Meanwhile, the microgrid system can operate in an ”off-grid mode”, which enables a multi-energy complementary mechanism. Additionally, electric vehicles release a great deal of scheduling flexibility through demand-side management, which combined with electric energy storage, can efficiently local consumption of photovoltaic power.

A Novel solar-assisted air source heat pump system for urban renewal: Experimental test and numerical simulation

Old residential communities require novel heating solutions to meet heating demands sustainably. In Southern China, current heating systems in old communities have high energy costs and lack sustainability. A potential solution, air source heat pumps (ASHP), have evaporators susceptible to frost accumulation and poor heating performance at low ambient temperatures. This study proposes a hybrid design that uses additional solar thermal energy to improve energy gains from the air source; the innovative serial coupling design increases the air-source temperature by engineering the evaporator of the ASHP as the load-side of the heat exchanger. The novel hybrid design aims to be efficient, cost-effective, and sustainable, satisfying urban redevelopment needs. A prototype of the novel hybrid solar-assisted ASHP system was constructed; various performance parameters were evaluated, and system operation in extreme climates was simulated in TRNSYS. Results indicated that the novel hybrid system had significantly superior heating performance, delivering a 70.1% improvement in heating rate compared to single-source ASHP under lower ambient temperatures (13C). The novel hybrid system also had a high COP value between 5.7 and 6.3, significantly exceeding values of 2.3-3.5 for most air-conditioning units. It demonstrates consistent performance in all simulated climates. It is estimated that the novel hybrid system can save 1000 RMB in annual energy costs for an average Shanghai family and reduce Shanghais CO2 emissions by 4.7 million tons. The novel system addressed limitations of ASHP, optimizing performance while maintaining sustainability, offering a promising solution for urban renewal projects in China.

Review of photovoltaic power prediction based on artificial intelligence methods

With the continuous growth of global demand for renewable energy, photovoltaic power generation, as a clean and efficient form of energy, has received widespread attention. However, photovoltaic power is affected by various factors such as irradiance, temperature, resulting in significant fluctuations in its output power. Therefore, accurate prediction of photovoltaic power is of great significance for the stable operation of the power system. In recent years, the rapid development of artificial intelligence technology has provided new solutions for photovoltaic power prediction. This paper will review the photovoltaic power prediction based on artificial intelligence methods, introduce its basic principles, application status, and challenges, in order to provide useful insights in related fields.

Suitability of Test Procedures for Determining the Compatibility of Seal Materials with Ionic Hydraulic Fluids.

The compatibility of seal materials with the working fluid is crucial for the flawless, energy-saving, environmentally sustainable, and safe operation of any technical system. This is especially true for hydraulic systems operating under high operating pressure. The problem of materials compatibility comes into play when either a new type of seal material or a new type of fluid comes into use. The paper discusses the research findings regarding material compatibility testing of new high-tech ionic hydraulic fluids with commonly used seal materials. Due to the completely different chemical composition of these new fluids compared to the classical mineral-based oil, for these fluids, there are no standardized testing procedures. In these cases, we can only lean on the Standards that apply to classical fluids, which can lead to incorrect results. In the forefront of the paper is the discrepancy between the results obtained by the standardized test, and the test under real operating conditions. FKM, an excellent material for seals, proved to be the most suitable in the case of using ionic hydraulic fluid, according to a standardized test. However, it failed in the comparison test under real operating conditions, as the cylinder leaked. NBR seals proved to be a better solution.

Model predictive control of a grid-scale Thermal Energy Storage system in RELAP5-3D

This research delves into the integration and control of a Thermal Energy Storage (TES) system with a Small Modular Reactor (SMR), specifically the NuScale VOYGR SMR module in RELAP5-3D. The research methodology centered on modeling the NuScale VOYGR SMR, a light water pressurized water reactor (LWR) with a power output capacity of 77 MWe per module. The reactor and plant details were sourced from NuScale's final safety analysis report and supplemented by information from the NuScale website. The SMR plays a crucial role in energy generation, and to manage and dispatch the produced energy effectively, a robust storage system is essential. The proposed solution to this challenge is the implementation of the TES system. The selected TES for this research is a two-tank system. The study also employed Model Predictive Control (MPC) to optimize the operation of the TES system in conjunction with the SMR. Various simulations, including accident scenarios, were conducted to assess the system's response and performance. The research leveraged real energy demand data from the California Independent System Operator (CAISO) database and scaled it to reflect the power generation of a single SMR. The findings suggest that while integrating a TES system with an SMR can enhance the performance compared to a standalone SMR, certain scenarios might exacerbate the total power mismatch. The study provides insights into the potential of integrating TES systems with nuclear reactors and the challenges and considerations involved.

Research of the Primary Electric Energy Storage System of a Traction Photovoltaic Module

Purpose. The main idea of the work is that the electric energy generated by photovoltaic installations is supplied in small parts to capacitive energy storage devices of low power, and then these «portions» of energy are supplied to one common, so-called traction storage device. The research is aimed at obtaining time diagrams of current and voltage changes in the proposed system. Methodology. A review of the world literature on the topic of work was conducted. The basis of this research is the analysis of transient processes in the electrical circuits of the system during the transfer of energy from the photovoltaic module to the traction capacitor under the influence of various control signals: series, parallel, combined. The main research method is computer simulation. The Scilab software environment was used to simulate the operation of the electric energy storage system. Findings. The relevance of the research and development of a primary electric energy storage system using a traction photovoltaic module has been proved. The key mathematical dependencies between the parameters of the constituent elements of electrical circuits are established. The structure of a site with electric energy storage with traction photovoltaic modules and a converter-pulse signal unit is proposed. The graphical characteristics of transient processes that occurred during the transfer of energy from low-power capacitive elements to a high-power capacitive element (traction capacitor) were obtained. Originality. For the first time, graphical dependences of energy transfer between system elements were obtained, which allows for a reasonable choice of the parameters of these elements. Also, for the first time, time dependencies describing the law of control of the process of energy transfer between system links were obtained, which will allow determining the rational modes of its operation. Practical value. The results of the research open up new opportunities in the research field in the development of large-scale experimental models of the maglev path structure in the case of the introduction of a system of distributed primary energy storage in a traction photovoltaic module.

Probabilistic co‐expansion planning for natural gas and electricity energy systems with wind curtailment mitigation considering uncertainties

AbstractIn response to growing reliance on electricity and gas systems, this paper introduces a stochastic bi‐level model for the optimized integration of these systems. This integration is achieved through sizing and allocating of power‐to‐gas (P2G) and gas‐to‐power (G2P) units. The first level of the model focuses on decisions related to P2G and G2P unit installations, while the second level addresses optimal system operation considering decisions made from first level and stochastic scenarios. The primary aim is to enhance energy‐sharing capabilities through coupling devices and mitigate wind generation curtailment. An economic evaluation assesses the model's effectiveness in reducing costs. N − 1 contingency analysis gauges the integrated system's ability to supply load under emergency conditions. Two new indices, performance of the electricity system and performance of the natural gas system, are proposed for N − 1 contingency analysis. These indices quantify the proportion of the supplied load to the total load, thereby illustrating the system's capacity to meet demand. For numerical investigation, the proposed model is applied to a modified IEEE 14‐bus power system and a 10‐node natural gas system. Numerical results demonstrate a 9.426% reduction in investment costs and a significant 10.6% reduction in wind curtailment costs through proposed planning model.

Application-Driven Learning: A Closed-Loop Prediction and Optimization Approach Applied to Dynamic Reserves and Demand Forecasting

Application-Driven Learning: Closing the Loop Between the Application and the Estimation of Forecast Models This paper introduces a closed-loop framework called application-driven learning, where the best forecast model is tailored to the application cost structure. Our methodology employs two-stage optimization schemes to derive multivariate point forecasts. The estimation problem is conceived as a bilevel model, and we propose two solution methodologies: an exact one using KKT conditions and a scalable decomposition heuristic. This approach offers a scientifically grounded alternative to ad hoc demand biasing approaches and reserve requirement rules currently adopted by power system operators worldwide. Testing with real data and large-scale systems demonstrates that our methodology consistently outperforms traditional open-loop methods, providing significant potential benefits for energy system operations.

Measurement Method of Stress in High-Voltage Cable Accessories Based on Ultrasonic Longitudinal Wave Attenuation.

High-voltage cables are the main arteries of urban power supply. Cable accessories are connecting components between different sections of cables or between cables and other electrical equipment. The stress in the cold shrink tube of cable accessories is a key parameter to ensure the stable operation of the power system. This paper attempts to explore a method for measuring the stress in the cold shrink tube of high-voltage cable accessories based on ultrasonic longitudinal wave attenuation. Firstly, a pulse ultrasonic longitudinal wave testing system based on FPGA is designed, where the ultrasonic sensor operates in a single-transmit, single-receive mode with a frequency of 3 MHz, a repetition frequency of 50 Hz, and a data acquisition and transmission frequency of 40 MHz. Then, through experiments and theoretical calculations, the transmission and attenuation characteristics of ultrasonic longitudinal waves in multi-layer elastic media are studied, revealing an exponential relationship between ultrasonic wave attenuation and the thickness of the cold shrink tube. Finally, by establishing a theoretical model of the radial stress of the cold shrink tube, using the thickness of the cold shrink tube as an intermediate variable, an effective measurement of the stress of the cold shrink tube was achieved.

A Fusion Tracking Algorithm for Electro-Optical Theodolite Based on the Three-State Transition Model.

This study presents a novel approach to address the autonomous stable tracking issue in electro-optical theodolite operating in closed-loop mode. The proposed methodology includes a multi-sensor adaptive weighted fusion algorithm and a fusion tracking algorithm based on a three-state transition model. A refined recursive formula for error covariance estimation is developed by integrating attenuation factors and least squares extrapolation. This formula is employed to formulate a multi-sensor weighted fusion algorithm that utilizes error covariance estimation. By assigning weighted coefficients to calculate the residual of the newly introduced error term and defining the sensor's unique states based on these coefficients, a fusion tracking algorithm grounded on the three-state transition model is introduced. In cases of interference or sensor failure, the algorithm either computes the weighted fusion value of the multi-sensor measurement or triggers autonomous sensor switching to ensure the autonomous and stable measurement of the theodolite. Experimental results indicate that when a specific sensor is affected by interference or the off-target amount cannot be extracted, the algorithm can swiftly switch to an alternative sensor. This capability facilitates the precise and consistent generation of data, thereby ensuring the stable operation of the tracking system. Furthermore, the algorithm demonstrates robustness across various measurement scenarios.

Investigation on ejector design for CO2 heat pump applications us-ing Dymola

In this paper, the Dymola modelling tool is used to study the influence of ejector design onto the whole heat pump cycle working with carbon dioxide. The cycle is built using the components provided by the TIL Modelica library. It is found that the ejector models in TIL are quite limited, namely by their inability to properly capture the on-design plateau and rapid decrease in performance in off-design operation. Therefore, an in-house state-of-the-art ejector model, originally developed in Python, is implemented as a Dymola object. This model is then calibrated onto CO2 experimental data. The operation of a simple CO2 heat pump system is investigated, with focus on the ejector sizing at fixed geometry. It is found that there exists an ejector size that maximises the COP of the cycle. Furthermore, critical ejector pressure is not reached at this optimum COP point; the ejector is operating well under the on-design regime.

Large Eddy Simulations of a Francis Turbine Operating at Ultra-Low Load to Overload Conditions

Due to the increasing global power demand, hydropower plants face the challenge of operating at flow rates far from their best efficiency point to comply with the electrical grid. Consequently, turbine units experience unstable high swirling flows under different load conditions, reducing the life of system components. Understanding the mechanisms behind the onset and sustenance of these instabilities in the swirling flow leaving the turbine runner is crucial for improving turbine performance. To achieve this, large-eddy simulations (LES) were conducted to characterize the unsteady flow inside an industrial-sized Francis turbine. The turbine was studied under a wide range of flow rates, 100, 80, 60, 40, and 120% of the design flow rate. A high swirl velocity was introduced as the flow rate deviated from 100% load, causing significant changes in the flow structure. An organized structure of vortex filaments in a helical pattern is seen inside the draft tube at 80 and 60% load, and the 40% load case showed an unorganized collection of small-scale vortices. A straight vortex cavity is seen in the draft tube center at 120% excess load. At the best design point, the magnitude of the swirl velocity was 0.1 times the tip speed. However, as the flow rate dropped to 40% of the design flow rate, the magnitude increased to 0.4 times the tip speed near the wall. In addition, the 40% load case had the highest magnitude of pressure fluctuations, over 25 times the peak design case near the runner. This showed a very unsteady flow field could damage the system or cause unstable operation at ultra-low partial loads. Generated power dropped dramatically as the flow rate decreased, and more noise was present in the power signal.

Resilience Aware Development-Exploration: An Exercise for Improving Attention to Work Systems Resilience During Technology Design

Efficiency, optimization, and improved capability are frequent goals of work system modernization initiatives. Resilience, defined as the ability of a system to adapt in response to diverse conditions and demands, including those that are rare or challenging, is also important. However, resilience is an abstract characteristic of systems. Whereas ways to improve efficiency tend to be easily recognized, ways to improve resilience are less obvious. Our goal was to make resilience visible and thereby enable developers of new technologies, concepts of operations, and policy to address and benefit the resilience of work system operations. To this end, we developed the Resilience-Aware Development—Exploration (RAD-E) that helps development teams think about how their new technology, concept of operations, or policy could impact work system resilience while educating development teams about the significance of work systems resilience and potential opportunities to strengthen the resilience of a work system.

Crack fault diagnosis in rotor bearing system by transient and study state time domain analysis

Online condition monitoring methodologies for rotor dynamic systems are an emerging trend and an essential for safe system operation. During operation fatigue cracks in rotor shaft can lead to catastrophic failures if not identified at early stage. Therefore, these systems require a reliable crack fault detection methodology. The vibrations may induce in the system due to different type of faults, like shaft transverse cracks, oil whirl and whip. To make the detection methodologies robust and reliable, redundancy in crack detection methodologies is vital. The present research is a foolproof procedure to detect the travers fatigue crack in the rotor shaft. Rotor response, orbital pattern, and response FFT during transient (runup/cost down) and study state operations at 2X & 3X sub critical speeds are analyzed to identify the presence of crack in rotor bearing system. The rotor system is analyzed by numerical Finite Element Modeling (FEM) simulations and experimental means. Open Wedge Crack (OWC) and Breathing Wedge Crack (BWC) are modeled and their behavior is studied. The effectiveness of Newton Rapson method, Houbolt numerical method, and Harmonic Balance Method (HBM) in crack diagnosis are studied. Numerical FEM results are validated with experimental and published literature results. FEM simulated and experimental response FFT shows similar response behavior with presence of crack with 98 % correlation and less than 2 % error. FEM simulated and literature response orbital pattern at 2X sub critical backward speed are similar with less than 3 % error (97.76 % close) and at 2X sub critical forward speed are similar with less than 1 % error (99.33 %).

Evaluation Method for Voltage Regulation Range of Medium-Voltage Substations Based on OLTC Pre-Dispatch

A new energy industry represented by photovoltaic and wind power has been developing rapidly in recent years, and its randomness and volatility will impact the stable operation of the power system. At present, it is proposed to enrich the regulation of the power grid by tapping the regulation potential of load-side resources. This paper evaluates the overall voltage regulation capability of substations under the premise of considering the impact on network voltage security and providing a theoretical basis for the participation of load-side resources of distribution networks in the regulation of the power grid. This paper proposes a Zbus linear power flow model based on Fixed-Point Power Iteration (FFPI) to enhance power flow analysis efficiency and resolve voltage sensitivity expression. Establishing the linear relationship between the voltages of PQ nodes, the voltage of the reference node, and the load power, this paper clarifies the impact of reactive power compensation devices and OLTC (on-load tap changer) tap changes on the voltages of various nodes along the feeder. It provides theoretical support for evaluating the voltage regulation range for substations. The day-ahead focus is on minimizing network losses by pre-optimizing OLTC tap positions, calculating the substation voltage regulation boundaries within the day, and simultaneously optimizing the total reactive power compensation across the entire network. By analyzing the calculated examples, it was found that a pre-scheduled OLTC (on-load tap changer) can effectively reduce network losses in the distribution grid. Compared with traditional methods, the voltage regulation range assessment method proposed in this paper can optimize the adjustment of reactive power compensation devices while ensuring the voltage safety of all nodes in the network.

Heating performance of PCM radiant floor coupled with horizontal ground source heat pump for single-family house in cold zones

As the energy demand for space heating increases, the necessity for innovative and energy-efficient heating technologies has become more urgent. This study proposes and evaluates a heating system that integrates a phase change material radiant floor with a horizontal ground source heat pump (PCM floor-HGSHP, Case 1), intending to maintain indoor comfort temperatures and enhance energy efficiency through the utilization of renewable energy sources. Despite the considerable potential of PCM floors, their combination with HGSHP requires further research to fully unlock their benefits. The study involved simulating the PCM floor using a validated TRNSYS component and developing an advanced rule-based control strategy with time-of-use tariffs as a key input to optimize system operation. To elucidate and quantify the advantages of the PCM floor-HGSHP system and verify its applicability in cold regions of China, a single-family house was used as a case study building, four representative cities were selected, and two comparative simulation cases were defined, along with three key performance indicators. The results indicate that, compared with the radiant floor heating system with HGSHP (RFHS-HGSHP, Case 2), the incorporation of PCM in the floor of Case 1 improves the indoor temperature stability by 8.6 %, enhances the load flexibility by 18.1 %, and reduces the total operating costs by 13.8 %. Furthermore, relative to the PCM floor with air-to-water heat pump system (PCM floor-AWHP, Case 3), the proposed system which substitutes the AWHP with the HGSHP, extends the duration of indoor comfort temperatures by 9.6 % and decreases the system electricity consumption by 33.7 %. The proposed system demonstrates excellent thermal and energy performance across all selected cities, proving to be both technically feasible and significantly beneficial for maintaining indoor comfort temperatures and reducing operational costs. This study offers valuable insights and technical support for designing and optimizing residential heating systems in cold regions, thereby promoting the development and application of renewable energy sources.

Optimizing sustainable energy integration: A novel approach using concentrated solar plant and hybrid power supply

This study pioneers sustainable energy solutions amidst escalating demand and fossil fuel depletion. Its primary novelty lies in proposing an integrated energy system, encompassing a concentrated solar plant, thermal energy system, and hybrid power supply within the solar energy domain. This integration substantially enhances overall system performance. The architectural design integrates various energy conversion components, including wind turbines, energy storage devices, and electric heaters, fostering synergistic collaboration. The optimization of energy usage is a key focus, utilizing heating and electricity costs as pivotal signals for participation in an Integrated Demand Response program (IRD). The demand response model, encompassing both thermal and electric loads, incorporates a sophisticated price elasticity matrix. Addressing challenges associated with renewable energy intermittency, phased carbon emissions, and the advantages of demand response, this study introduces an advanced system operation optimization model to effectively curtail operational costs. In the realm of methodology, this research breaks new ground by proposing an enhanced optimization algorithm that ingeniously combines the Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA) with the Wavelet Transform (WT). This novel amalgamation significantly enhances the algorithm's search capabilities, providing superior performance in tackling the complexities inherent in the optimization problem. The proposed model undergoes rigorous evaluation in a comprehensive study featuring diverse energy sources and multiple scenarios. The outcomes of this evaluation distinctly showcase substantial reductions in overall operational costs compared to conventional approaches. This multifaceted contribution positions the study at the forefront of endeavors to revolutionize energy systems for enhanced sustainability and efficiency.

Solar PV system with maximum power tracking

The paper investigates the state-of-the-art architecture of photovoltaic systems (PVS) by evaluating the performance of the developed maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm of fuzzy particle swarm optimization (FPSO) for temperate continental latitudes. The material of the paper gives an evaluation of traditional MPPT algorithms in relation to the state-of-the-art FPSO algorithm. The study summarizes the problems of On-Grid PV systems and analyzes methods of solving them by combining them with hydrogen technologies. The paper summaries the experience of observations of climatic factors and solar resources on the example of the Russian Federation. Thus, in 2023, the average winter temperature exceeded the norm by 4.7 °C, and the average summer temperature exceeded the norm by 4.9 °C compared to 2022. The paper analyses the level of insolation, which increased by 0.03 kWh/m2 by regions of Russia for the period 2022–2023. The experimental part of the work was carried out at the solar power plant (SPP) «Kalmykskaya» with coordinates 53.422832 north latitude and 55.266895 east longitude. The watt-volt field characteristic of photovoltaic modules (PVM) connected to the inverter was obtained experimentally. When compared, the correlation coefficient between the experimental power (P) and voltage (U) of the panels was found to be higher than that of the ideal panels, 0.933 versus 0.914. The correlation coefficient between the ideal P(U) function and the experimental one is (−0.475). The data for calculating the coefficient of performance (COP) of the implemented MPPT algorithm was also obtained experimentally, which was about 98.7%. The reliability of the data used in the calculations was confirmed by two independent means of measurement, the difference of the obtained results was less than 1%. In the last part of the experiment of this study, the dependence of insolation in a given geographical point on the generated PV field power was evaluated. The correlation coefficient was 0.47, while the inverter output voltage was maintained in the nominal range of (600 ± 20%)V. Thus, the authors of the study experimentally proved the efficiency of using MPPT on FPSO in temperate continental climate with duration of sunshine T = 1850 h per year. The effectiveness of the FPSO algorithm under the conditions of inverter distance from the common point of the DC switching cabinet (DСCC) has been confirmed. The effectiveness of the MPPT algorithm based on FPSO under conditions of partial shading, increased cloud cover and increased air temperature is concluded. Using the description of the current architecture of On-Grid SPP, the authors draw attention to the impossibility of operation of such systems without the presence of voltage in the reference network. In addition, the impossibility of the system operation at the value of PVM power over 1500 kW and at the voltage of panels less than 900 V is noted. To modernize the existing PVS architecture, for the first time, the use of a DCCC and an inverter with implemented MPPT on the FPSO in combination with a hydrogen (H2) production unit and nickel-hydrogen (Ni–H2) batteries is proposed. The researchers propose that when the PVM field voltage is below 900 V and when the PVM field power exceeds 1500 kW, energy can be diverted to H2 generation or to charge Ni–H2 batteries via a DCCC controller. Such an architecture will improve the continuity and efficiency of the PVS, reduce the carbon footprint, and allow the PVS to be used as an industrial uninterruptible power supply (UPS). The authors see the lack of standardization of implemented projects based on the ESG principle as the main problem of alternative energy development.

Model‐free adaptive load frequency control for power systems with wind penetration under deregulation environment

AbstractWith the gradual deregulation of the power system by the power department, the power system has developed into a large‐scale and multiregional control system. Because of the power system internal complexity enhancing, the stable operation of power system becomes increasingly difficult. This paper analyzes the load frequency control problem of multiregional interconnected power system with wind energy. This study designs an improved model‐free adaptive control algorithm based on I/O data. It avoids model establishment of the multiregional power system. It also effectively solves the problem of frequency stability control under the influence of load change, introducing the generation participation matrix to simulate bilateral contracts under the power market. The dynamic evolution relationship of the system with the generation participation matrix is established, taking a three‐regional power system with wind energy as an example. Frequency fluctuations in all three regions are between . Convergence times of frequency deviation are all within 30 s, much less than the response time of load frequency control. The simulation results further demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm, comparing the control algorithm proposed in this paper with other algorithms, which proves that the proposed algorithm has good control performance.