Operation Diagram Research Articles

Automation of the Oil Extraction Process Performed by Means of A Screw Press

Abstract The continuous development of the oil-manufacturing industries causes the necessity of improving extraction technologies. In this case, the specific interest is focused on the control systems of screw presses. Among a great variety of such machines, the small household presses are in significant demand among consumers. Various seeds and kernels require different technological conditions to be provided in order to maximize the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the extracted oil. Therefore, the main objective of this research is developing and testing the control system allowing for automation of the oil extraction process. Particularly, the temperature parameters of the pressing chamber, extracted oil, and electric motor are to be monitored and limited. In addition, the consumer should be able to predefine the mass of the oil to be extracted. Considering the small household screw press LiangTai LTP200, the general algorithm (block diagram) of the control system operation is proposed and the corresponding experimental prototype is developed. The latter is based on the Arduino Mega microcontroller and is equipped with three temperature sensors, two coolers (fans), one heater, and one mass sensor. The proposed control system allows for continuous monitoring and limiting of the pressing chamber, oil, and electric motor temperatures, as well as the mass of the extracted oil. The experimental data show that the pressing chamber preheating process lasts for about 3 min (170…190 s) and its maximal temperature does not exceed 44°C. The temperature of the extracted oil does not rise over 61°C. The motor temperature changes within the range of 69...71°C. The oil extraction productivity is as follows: 1.2 kg/h (sunflower seeds), 1.06 kg/h (walnut kernels), 0.9 kg/h (almond kernels), and 0.78 kg/h (peanut kernels). The obtained results can used in further investigations focused on analyzing the influence of these parameters on the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the extracted oil.

COMPETITION BETWEEN PLASMID-BEARING AND PLASMID-FREE ORGANISMS IN A CHEMOSTAT WITH DISTINCT REMOVAL RATES AND AN EXTERNAL INHIBITOR

A mathematical model of competition between plasmid-bearing and plasmid-free organisms for a single limiting resource in a chemostat with distinct removal rates and in the presence of an external inhibitor is analyzed. This model was previously introduced in the special case where the growth rate functions and the absorption rate of the inhibitor follow the Monod kinetics and the removal rates are the same as the dilution rate. Here, we consider the general case of monotonic growth and absorption functions, and distinct removal rates. Through the three operating parameters of the model, represented by the dilution rate, the input concentrations of the substrate and the inhibitor, we give necessary and sufficient conditions for existence and stability of all equilibria. To better understand the richness of the model’s behavior with respect to those operating parameters, we determine the operating diagram theoretically and numerically. This diagram is very useful to understand the model from both the mathematical and biological points of view.

Stability and bifurcations in a model of chemostat with two inter‐connected inhibitions and a negative feedback loop

This paper deals with a model of chemostat with two cross‐feeding species and involving two inhibitions. The excess of hydrogen inhibits the growth of acetogenic bacteria which, in turn, inhibit the growth of methanogenic hydrogenotrophic bacteria. The model is described by a system of four ordinary differential equations. We established the conditions of existence and stability of equilibria with respect to the operating parameters which are the dilution rate and the input substrate concentrations of the species of the model, then we illustrate the operating and bifurcation diagrams. This technique makes it easy to interpret different regions of operating diagrams. Inhibitions let some regions of stability rise and others vanish.

КОМПОНЕНТЫ СИСТЕМЫ ПОДБОРА СПЕЦИАЛИСТОВ В СОСТАВ ЭКСПЕРТНЫХ ГРУПП

This study is devoted to one of the stages of developing an automated system for selecting specialists for enterprises in the mechanical engineering sector, namely to the preparatory stage of the application development. At the preparation stage, basic interaction schemes are worked out, the stages of system operation are described, and the tools that will be used for further implementation are determined. The paper describes the components included in the system, which allows one to automate selecting specialists into expert groups, and identifying their main functions, conditions of use, methods of interaction, graphical diagrams, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of the tools applied. A detailed description and analysis of component interactions provide opportunities for further coding of the program and designing the application interface. Detailed descriptions of the terms used to depict the program operation are given. Graphic diagrams make it possible to clearly demonstrate the use of components and the result of the work. The advantages and disadvantages of applying WSGI servers are also stated. The main types of production at machine-building enterprises are shown. Arguments are given that indicate the need to develop software that automates the process of selecting a candidate at machine-building enterprises. The paper objective is to develop an automated sys-tem for selecting specialists. The research methods are analysis, observation. The article contains developments and diagrams, the description of which will help to write code to continued operation of the program. A schematic diagram of the program operation is built, and the sequence of processes required to launch the application is described. The article is one of the stages of developing a web application, which confirms the possibility of creating such a product.

Heat exchange characteristics between u-shaped butted well and reservoir

The geothermal resources in Shandong are relatively abundant. However, due to geological conditions, the high pressure of formation water reinjection makes it difficult and costly to achieve a 1:1 ratio of formation water extraction/reinjection during geothermal resource extraction. This causes waste of formation water resources and does not meet environmental protection requirements. The U-shaped butted well heat exchanger at the bottom of the well can achieve “heat extraction without water extraction”, effectively solving the problems of difficult formation water reinjection, pipeline reservoir corrosion, and reservoir damage in Shandong. Therefore, to explore the heat exchange characteristics between the U-shaped butted well heat exchanger at the bottom of the well and the reservoir, it is necessary to study various parameters of the heat exchanger operation. To better reflect the heat transfer status between the butted well and the soil, FLUENT software was used for simulation. Through simulation, the operation diagram of the generator after the comprehensive renovation was analyzed, guiding the operation of the U-shaped butted well heat exchanger.

Optimizing production of electric energy from renewable sources by differential evolution

This work deals with a general procedure for optimizing operational diagrams of electric energy production units that use alternative energy sources. The goal of optimization is to supply given load at minimal use of conventional energy sources. In order to perform the optimization, simplified mathematical models of different production units that use alternative energy sources are introduced. These units are based on solar cells, wind turbines, fuel cells and electrolysis. The optimization is performed for given weather forecasting and forecasted load diagram by the Differential Evolution, which is a stochastic search algorithm.

An Urban Metro Section Flow Forecasting Method Combining Time Series Decomposition and a Generative Adversarial Network

Urban metro cross-section flow is the passenger flow that travels through a metro section. Its volume is a critical parameter for planning operation diagrams and improving the service quality of urban subway systems. This makes it possible to better plan the drive for the sustainable development of a city. This paper proposes an improved model for predicting urban metro section flow, combining time series decomposition and a generative adversarial network. First, an urban metro section flow sequence is decomposed using EMD (Empirical Mode Decomposition) into several IMFs (Intrinsic Mode Functions) and a trend function. The sum of all the IMF components is treated as the periodic component, and the trend function is considered the trend component, which are fitted by Fourier series function and spline interpolation, respectively. By subtracting the sum of the periodic and trend components from the urban metro section flow sequence, the error is regarded as the residual component. Finally, a GAN (generative adversarial network) based on the fusion graph convolutional neural network is used to predict the new residual component, which considers the spatial correlation between different sites of urban metro sections. The Chengdu urban metro system data in China show that the proposed model, through incorporating EMD and a generative adversarial network, achieves a 15–20% improvement in prediction accuracy at the cost of a 10% increase in the calculation time, meaning it demonstrates good prediction accuracy and reliability.

Software system for contactless text input based on computer vision

Abstract. The article is devoted to the problem of contactless human-computer interaction. The task of entering text from an optimized on-screen keyboard using cursor control based on data received from a video camera is considered, including if the user has motor impairments. A software system consisting of two applications is proposed for cursor control and text input based on computer vision algorithms. A diagram of the system operation and interaction of components and basic user settings are presented. As a result, testing was carried out using a focus group, in which participants had to enter free text using the proposed software system. Experiments have shown the functionality of the system.

Compiling Method of Single Track Heavy Haul Railway Operating Diagram in Group Tracking Mode

Compiling Method of Single Track Heavy Haul Railway Operating Diagram in Group Tracking Mode

Integrating Function Allocation and Operational Event Sequence Diagrams to Support Human-Robot Coordination: Case Study of a Robotic Date Thinning System

State-of-the-art robots show promise in supporting but not completely replacing human work in most precision agriculture applications. For many potential agricultural robot applications, there are no comparable systems nor readily available information on the human operator activities to guide the systems engineering process. Such is the situation for Medjool date thinning, a tedious and hazardous manual operation for which technological assistance has yet to be developed. Here we describe using cognitive system engineering methods to develop operational concepts and human-robot coordination requirements for a pioneer system, a Robotic Medjool Date Thinning System (RDTS). We leveraged the abstraction hierarchy to characterize the RDTS’s envisioned goals and functionality. We developed alternative functional allocations to explore the design space based on the availability of different enabling technologies. After downselecting to the function allocation, including the technologies expected to be developed, we created operational event sequence diagrams to visualize the operation flow and to identify requirements related to the human operator and the joint human-robot system. Applying these methods in the early design stages helped to refine the human-robot coordination requirements and to identify gaps in the operational concept—they show great potential to support the introduction of agricultural robots and bring them to fruition.

Enhanced Model for Terminal Airspace Capacity Estimation

Terminal Airspace comprises the area around an airport in which various aircraft in its vicinity are in ascending or descending phases. This paper describes an enhanced model for estimation of Ultimate Capacity of Terminal Airspace, given its geometric layout, traffic data, and the separation minima maintained. This model can be used to determine the number of aircraft in the Terminal airspace of an airport that can be safely handled by the Air Traffic Controllers. An existing probabilistic model for Terminal Capacity assessment was enhanced to include operations on intersecting and parallel runways. An important out-come of this methodology is the minimum time gap between successive operation at the runway, which is utilized to draw a time space diagram of runway operation, and thus obtain an estimate of Delay under various operational scenarios. The model was first utilized to estimate the Terminal airspace capacity of the two most busy airports in India, viz., Mumbai and Delhi, and later for other main Airports viz., Kolkata, Chennai, Ahmadabad, Guwahati, Hyderabad, Kochi and Thiruvananthapuram. A critical analysis of the results lead to suggestions like slot distribution, rescheduling of aircraft, restructuring of spacio-geometrical conditions of airspace and airfield etc. that may be considered to increase capacity and reduce delays at Indian Airports.

Improved Design of Architecture of the Battlefield Situation Comprehensive Display System

The traditional chimney software architecture design, which is based on the application object, scale and equipment, is difficult to meet the urgent need of multi-resolution, multi-viewpoint, two-dimensional and three-dimensional consistent battlefield situation comprehensive display. Referring to the idea of U.S. Army's general operational diagram, the architecture of the current battlefield situation integrated display system is upgraded and improved. Aiming at the problems of information splitting and real-time undifferentiated access of multi-domain heterogeneous data, technical means such as spatial analysis and multi-source data integration are put forward, and the problems of fast loading and visualization of 3D models of the large battlefield space are solved by designing force clustering and motion trajectory smoothing algorithms. This method improves the service ability and the level of the battlefield situation comprehensive display system, and has a broad arrange of application.

Software and Hardware Complex Development toMonitor Production Activities Based on the YOLOv8 Neural Network

The article discusses the features of software and hardware complex development to monitor the efficiency of employees by means of an ESP8266 microcontroller and video cameras with a YOLOv8 neural network that meets the requirements of a 'smart shop'. The purpose of this study is to justify and evaluate the working concept of the created software and hardware complex in the form of a working prototype. Examples of current developments of similar monitoring systems realized within the paradigm of the Internet of Things, are given. However, the systems found in international practice focus on processing images of moving personnel only and do not analyze the technical parameters of the equipment this personnel work on. This study attempts to overcome this limitation. A schematic diagram of the system operation consisting of four key modules has been developed: a data collection module from machine-tools, an employee identification module, a primary data processing module, a web server with software application to manage the entire system in real time. The MQTT (Message Queuing Telemetry Transport) protocol is used for communication between devices and the server in the designed system to provide quality of data transmission under conditions of channel bandwidth limitations. Combined analysis of data from both machine-tools (control of the load of the electric motor) and the movement of workers in the space of the production room is proposed within the concept of developing such systems for the first time. Evaluation tests on the monitored data showed the operability of the entire complex, the problem of object automatic detection in the camera image flow and their location within the coordinate system of the production room was solved.

Optimization method of power supply mode and connected to external power grid of CZ railway traction station

Aiming at the problem of long slopes and weak power grids along the railway in high altitude mountainous areas, an optimization method of power supply mode and access to external power grid of CZ railway traction station is proposed. First, combined with the terrain and altitude along the railway and the characteristics of the regional power grid, a sample library of the power supply mode and access to external power grid of CZ railway traction station is designed. Secondly, combined with the train operation diagram and line ramp parameters, the full-day periodic load of each power supply arm is simulated. Then, according to the sample library, a “source-net-load” integrated simulation model is constructed in Simulink. Then, the three-phase voltage unbalance evaluation model of the power system is constructed in combination with relevant standards. Finally, the optimal wiring scheme is selected by using the evaluation model and the simulated voltage unbalance index.

Optimization of Hydrogen-Based Shaft Furnace Raw Material Parameters Based on Numerical Simulation and Rist Operation Diagram

Optimization of Hydrogen-Based Shaft Furnace Raw Material Parameters Based on Numerical Simulation and Rist Operation Diagram

Characterization of electrohydrodynamic drop-on-demand injection of viscoelastic fluids in pulsed voltage

Electrohydrodynamic drop-on-demand (DOD) injection in pulsed voltage is a very promising technique for fabricating nanostructures. However, it is still a challenge to achieve stable, high-precision, high-frequency DOD injection due to the lack of clarity on the mechanism of viscoelastic fluid injection. In this paper, a dimensionless parameter study based on the volume of fluid (VOF) method is used to systematically study the kinetic behavior of viscoelastic fluids in pulsed voltages. Four independent dimensionless parameters of voltage duration τ* pulse, electric Bond number BoE, electric Reynolds number ReE, and the ratio of charge relaxation time to fluid relaxation time δ are proposed to determine the operational phase diagrams in the dimensionless plane for the no jet mode, cone-jet mode, dripping mode, and reaching the substrate mode. The result shows that the voltage duration is negatively correlated with both the electric Bond number and the electric Reynolds number at the critical injection. The critical injection condition occurs over a wide range of voltage durations when the electric Reynolds number is <10. Cone-jet occurs in the region of δ < 1, with a jet frequency exceeding 2 kHz at its highest and the droplet diameter reaches 1/12 of the initial droplet diameter. Furthermore, the ability to print micron-scale patterns with precision in cone-jet mode fully demonstrates the promise of viscoelastic fluids in pulsed voltage for applications in micro/nano fabrication.

Evaluation of Sinusoidal Distribution Networks Using the EPC Simulation Software

The electric power calculator (EPC) software, for the simulation and analysis of electrical networks at the industrial frequency, is described in this article, including its source code and operational diagram. Compared to well-known commercial software, EPC directly provides the values of the voltages, currents, and powers in each subsystem. The voltages and currents are calculated, in phasor notation, applying Kirchhoff’s laws, while the powers are obtained through the components of the apparent power vector. In this paper, the EPC software could be applied to three-phase networks made up of a distribution transformer and two three-phase wye-configured loads. The correctness of the results of the EPC software was verified by comparison with those obtained using the Multisim commercial software and with the measurements recorded by the Fluke 435 analyzer in a real distribution network of residential buildings. The values of the voltages and currents provided by the EPC were the same as those measured by the Fluke, and the differences observed using Multisim were less than 0.6%. Consequently, the EPC software is an excellent complement for power analyzers, because it is capable of providing measurements in all the network subsystems at the same time, using a single analyzer.

Analysis of the New Retail Offline and Online Marketing Model in the Context of the Covid-19

The analysis of the new retail online and offline marketing model from traditional retail to consumer experience-centred and combined with internet technology is explored against the backdrop of the coronavirus epidemic “Covid-19”, to further understand the concept and definition of new retail, and to break down the new retail marketing model, compare the platform model, the self-operated warehouse + home delivery model, the shop + home delivery model and the community group buying model. The operational flow diagram of each model is given visually, as well as the market value of the searched stocks or the profitability data of the shops. It summarises the characteristics, strengths, and weaknesses of the model make constructive suggestions and recommendations based on the results of the analysis and concludes with an outlook and forecast on the future development of new retail.

The Role of Animal Health Components in a Biosurveillance System: Concept and Demonstration

Biosurveillance defines the process of gathering, integrating, interpreting, and communicating essential information related to all-hazards threats or disease activity affecting human, animal, or plant health to achieve early detection and warning, contribute to overall situational awareness of the health aspects of an incident, and to enable better decision making for action at all levels. Animal health surveillance is an important component within biosurveillance systems comprising a continuum of activities from detecting biological threats, to analyzing relevant data, to managing identified threats, and embracing a One Health concept. The animal health community can strengthen biosurveillance by adopting various developments such as increasing the alignment, engagement, and participation of stakeholders in surveillance systems, exploring new data streams, improving integration and analysis of data streams for decision-making, enhancing research and application of social sciences and behavioral methods in animal health surveillance, and performing timely evaluation of surveillance systems. The aim of this paper is to explore components of a biosurveillance system from an animal health perspective and identify opportunities for the animal health surveillance community to enhance biosurveillance. Structural and operational diagrams are presented to demonstrate the required components and relevant data of animal health surveillance as an effective part within a biosurveillance system.

The structure of modern EEG recorder

The article is aimed at familiarizing medical specialists involved in registration and analysis of electroencephalographic (EEG) examinations with the basic principles of operation and the design of a modern EEG recorder. Understanding the technical fundamentals behind operation of EEG equipment should help medical personnel to correctly use all its capabilities and ultimately improve quality of medical care. The basic diagram of the electroencephalograph operation, the types and features of EEG electrodes, the opportunities and limitations of digitally processed bioelectric signals are discussed. A review on the main technical characteristics of EEG equipment and their influence on the quality of the recorded signal is presented.