Operational Capacity Research Articles

Thickening Activated Sludge with Suspended Air Flotation (SAF)

In the practice of wastewater treatment system design, process selection is often constrained by factors such as operational costs, performance, and physical footprint. Processes employing colloidal gaseous aphron (CGA) technology have proven to be highly effective for the clarification and thickening of activated sludge mixed liquor, waste-activated sludge (WAS), and anaerobically digested sludge within a small footprint. Technically, an aphron is defined as a gas or liquid phase encapsulated by a surfactant film. Since their initial identification and formulation, aphrons have been used extensively in a number of chemical processes, including gas and oil drilling and food processing waste-treatment applications. The generation and use of CGAs for thickening of WAS and other wastewater applications has been commercialized with the development of the Suspended Air® flotation (SAF®) process. The purpose of this paper is to (1) provide background on CGAs flotation technology, (2) identify applications of CGA in wastewater treatment, (3) discuss thickening of WAS with CGA, and (4) present findings from three case studies where WAS thickening with a legacy dissolved air flotation (DAF) process was replaced with a CGA process to increase capacity or address operational challenges, typically within the same flotation tank footprint. The case studies demonstrate the versatility of the SAF® CGA process for (a) its ability to process the most challenging feedstock, including stored WAS; (b) enhancement of the digestion process and elimination of digester foaming; and (c) high capacity and ease of operation, reducing operation needs.

Capacity assessment of vertiports with a scheduling algorithm considering quality of service

Abstract Urban air mobility (UAM) utilising novel transportation tools is gradually being recognised as a significant means to alleviate ground transportation pressures, vertiports which serve as pivotal nodes in UAM require efficient methods for assessing its operational capacity to develop an appropriate operational strategy and help to design vertiport ground infrastructure scientifically. This study proposes a multi-dimensional assessment method for the capacity of vertiports considering throughput and quality of service based on genetic algorithm (CEGA). The method comprehensively considers constraints such as unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) safety separation, battery endurance, number of landing vertipads and UAV speed. The experimental results indicate that the vertiport with the scheduling algorithm proposed by this study has a larger capacity and experiences fewer delay than the vertiport with first-come-first-served (FCFS) algorithm when the vertiport has the same limited number of vertipads. Different proportions of UAVs significantly affect the quality of service and the degree of operation delays. The weights of vertiport throughput and customer satisfaction are the parameters that represent the importance of throughput and customer satisfaction in the objective function of the capacity assessment model. When the weights of throughput and customer satisfaction are set to 0.8 and 0.2 respectively, the performance of this optimisation model is optimal. This study provides a novel solution for capacity assessment and operation scheduling of vertiports, laying the foundation for improving the efficiency of UAM operations.

Leveraging Surge Capacity for Sustainable Process Operation: Control Structure

Leveraging Surge Capacity for Sustainable Process Operation: Control Structure

Evaluation of future hydropower potential for mountainous headwaters in response to climate change

Snowmelt runoff and hydropower generation performance together with reservoir storages were evaluated for climate projections in two mountainous headwaters in Türkiye’s north (Black Sea Region) and south (Mediterranean Region). The EU-CORDEX database was used to obtain an ensemble of different Global Climate Models under two scenarios. Moreover, evaluations were performed regarding the Global Warming Levels. The results indicate that a dramatic increase in temperatures and alterations in precipitation patterns will bring significant decreases in snow variables and inflows, which will be particularly pronounced in the southern basin. HBV-Light and WEAP model were used to estimate future reservoir inflows and hydropower generation projections through reservoir operations, respectively. The hydropower generation is anticipated to decline up to 35% and 9% in the southern and northern basins, respectively, for far future (2075-2099). Four management scenarios (including increased irrigation and operational hydropower capacity) were assessed for reconsideration of operation strategies.

Construction Control Technology and Monitoring Analysis of Walking Incremental Launching Construction of Small-Curvature Steel Box Girder Bridges Across Expressways

As urban areas keep growing, there are higher requirements for the carrying capacity of traffic operations, and there are more and more curve incremental launching projects with complex construction conditions. This paper builds upon the walking incremental launching project of a small-curvature steel box girder in Xuchang City and has developed a detailed construction method and monitoring technology. Due to the bridge’s longitudinal gradient being designed as a two-way slope and falling under the category of a small-radius steel box girder, the front end of the main beam exhibits significant lateral deviation, and linear control is difficult. It is necessary to carry out stress and displacement monitoring of the whole process of construction of the curved steel box girder and the guide girder to guide the construction process. The stress conditions of the incremental launching pier and the settlement of the concrete substructure are also studied, and we analyze the stress and displacement characteristics. Firstly, the finite element tool MIDAS Civil is adopted to build a model for the construction. The five most unfavorable working conditions are selected from the entire incremental launch process to analyze the internal force and displacement state of the steel box girder bridge, which is and then compared with the site monitoring value. It is demonstrated by the outcomes that the internal force and deflection of the steel box girder and the guide girder are within the safe construction range, which ensures the security of the incremental launching construction. In the maximum cantilever condition, the guide girder experiences significant stress, but the maximum value is not observed during the maximum cantilever condition of the guide girder. Therefore, whole-process monitoring should be carried during construction to maintain safety measures and quality management.

Analisis Modal Kredit Usaha Rakyat dalam Meningkatkan Perkembangan UMKM dI Kota Tengah: Studi Kasus UMKM Dwi Laundry dan Toko Olfan

This study aims to determine the ideal working capital for MSMEs in the Central City District. The research used a quantitative approach with descriptive methods. The sample in this study was two MSMEs where data collection used observation, interviews and documentation. The data analysis technique uses debt ratio analysis, maximum loan analysis and calculation analysis of business capital sources from loans. The results showed that People’s Business Credit capital has a positive impact on improving the income and operations of MSMEs. Dwi Laundry and Toko Olfan recorded increased revenues thanks to the use of People's Business Credit capital, which allowed for increased operational capacity and improved financial performance from year to year. However, the research also found that MSME owners tend to use business income for personal purposes, which leads to confusion between personal and business finances and hinders strategic decision-making.

How does data sharing affect the sustainable development of agribusiness? Evidence from public data openness

Agriculture is an important production sector in Chinese national economy, and sustainable development of agribusiness is related to the achievement of the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals. At the same time, public data openness policy is continuously injecting new power into development. However, no study focused on the relationship between public data openness policy (OPEN) and the sustainable development of agribusiness (SDA). Based on the data of A-share listed agribusiness firms from 2012 to 2021, we uses the public data open platform as a quasi-natural experiment and uses a difference-in-differences model to examine the impact of public data openness on the sustainable development of agribusiness. The findings of this paper are as follows. First, public data openness significantly contributes to the sustainable development of agribusiness. After a series of robustness tests, the above conclusion still holds. Second, the results of the mechanistic tests show that public data openness contributes to sustainable development mainly by improving the operational capacity and innovation capacity of enterprises. Third, the positive impact of public data openness on the sustainable development performance of non-state-owned and small-scale agribusinesses is more significant than that of state-owned and large-scale agribusinesses. Fourth, good innovation environments help to enhance the positive impact of public data openness. This paper has theoretical value for the development of agribusiness in the context of the public data openness and can also guide policymakers in further improving related policies.

Challenges and motivating factors for integrating geostatistical models in targeted schistosomiasis control: A qualitative case study in Northwestern Tanzania.

To address problems of over- and under-treatment with preventive chemotherapy resulting in ongoing transmission of schistosomiasis, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommends targeted mass drug administration (MDA) interventions at a sub-district level. In Tanzania, the lack of sub-district (ward) prevalence data has inhibited a transition to targeted treatment. Model-based prevalence estimation combined with routine surveillance data can be used to overcome this gap. We created a geostatistical model to estimate parasitological prevalence in the wards of the Lake Zone regions of Tanzania to investigate opportunities for enabling targeted MDA for schistosomiasis. With no precedent on how outputs from a geostatistical model could be used to inform decision-making in Tanzania, this qualitative study explores perceptions on what may challenge and motivate program staff in Tanzania's national schistosomiasis control program to integrate the models into routine planning to guide disease control interventions. Seven semi-structured, key informant interviews were conducted in 2022 examining perceived programmatic challenges and motivations of integrating the geostatistical model into current programming through various thematic areas: information systems, financing, services and operational capacity, policy and planning, and coordination. Key informants included decision-making staff in the Ministry of Health's neglected tropical diseases (NTD) control program, WHO NTD staff, schistosomiasis MDA implementing partners, academic experts studying the control of schistosomiasis, and central-level NTD coordinators. Informants unanimously acknowledged that the geostatistical model could be useful in guiding targeted interventions, and found several factors that may motivate programmatic uptake including providing a financially feasible method to comprehensive prevalence estimates, facilitation of essential implementation tasks like site selection for MDA and screening, as well as annual calculation of treatments required for requesting medicine. Key challenges to integration were seen in limitation of existing modeling expertise, sensitization, and most importantly in the lack of WHO recommendations surrounding model use, as national disease control strategies and policies are built around WHO guidelines. Geostatistical models like the one presented can feasibly be integrated in decision-making for targeted interventions based on domestic capacity, financial availability and readiness. However, the lack of WHO guidance on the use of these tools calls for action to translate the potential of such models into recommendations that encourage routine integration from national programs. Overcoming this key inhibiting factor will be a crucial first step toward the integration of such models.

Analyzing the influence of mandatory dividend distribution policy on capital allocation strategies

PurposeThe primary objective of this study is to evaluate the effects of the mandatory dividend distribution policy (MDDP) on capital allocation strategies, particularly focusing on research and development (R&D) and capital expenditure (Capex) strategies. The purpose is to understand how companies manage the delicate balance between distributing dividends to shareholders and allocating funds for internal growth. This research seeks to provide insights into the effects of the MDDP on innovation and growth within the context of developing markets like India.Design/methodology/approachThe research utilizes a difference-in-differences (DID) methodology to establish a cause-and-effect relationship between the MDDP on R&D and Capex allocation strategies. By categorizing Indian firms into treatment and control groups based on the introduction of the MDDP, the DID approach allows for analyzing the effects of the policy while accounting for external influences. This methodology ensures that the exogenous shock introduced by the MDDP approximates random assignment, ensuring the validity of the analysis. The study utilizes empirical data from the period 2012 to 2021 to explore how the MDDP influences a firm’s capital allocation decisions.FindingsThe empirical analysis validates the study’s hypothesis. Companies subject to the influence of the MDDP exhibit significant increases in their allocation of resources. Specifically, the affected firms allocate 2.99% more of their resources toward Capex and 0.070% more toward R&D in the post-MDDP period compared to non-affected firms. These findings indicate that the MDDP encourages companies to proactively enhance their operational capacities and invest in innovative initiatives. Furthermore, this effect is positively moderated by the increased presence of promoters on the corporate board.Originality/valueTo the author’s best understanding, this study represents the first attempt to explore the influence of MDDP and its impact on R&D and Capex using data from India.

Party Organization and Presidential Activism: System- and Party-Level Determinants of Party “Presidentialization”

Political parties offer gateways to power for democratic leaders, but they also condition leaders’ activities. A “presidentialized” party organization enhances the operative capacity of leaders, including presidents that have been overlooked in European political science literature. Theoretically, two factors are expected to increase the “presidentiality” of parties: a president-centered regime type and party’s leader-centric “genetic” heritage. This study presents the first systematic effort to analyze causes of party presidentialization quantitatively in various national contexts and party types. Alongside full presidential systems, the study pays attention to semi-presidential systems that are most popular in European countries today and which present mixed incentives for parties by forcing them to facilitate several leader positions at the executive level simultaneously. To assess these relationships empirically, the study utilizes Political Party Database Project’s (PPDB) global dataset. We develop a conceptually robust and comparable measure for party presidentialization and apply it to 96 parties in 25 semi-presidential and presidential democracies. We explore the impacts of regime and party types and find considerable support for the former and more limited support for the latter. Our results suggest that parties’ organizational makeup can condition presidential activism.

Analisis Kesiapan Implementasi Rekam Medis Elektronik di Klinik Pratama Simpang Lima Husada

The Ministry of Health is committed to transforming the health system, including the transformation of health technology. One of these technological developments is Electronic Medical Records (EMR). The purpose of this study was to determine the readiness of EMR implementation at Simpang Lima Husada Primary Clinic. This study used the CAFP EHR Readiness Assessment instrument to assess the readiness of EMR implementation so as to improve service quality and workflow efficiency. This type of research is descriptive qualitative research. Informants were determined by purposive sampling technique on 14 respondents. The results of the Management Capacity readiness study obtained a score of 15, which is at level III, which means that management capacity is very ready. The readiness of Financial and Budgetary Capacity and Operational Capacity received a score of 12 at level II, indicating a fairly good cost analysis and sufficient staff and infrastructure capacity. Technology Capacity Readiness received a score of 28, which is at level II, indicating that information technology readiness is adequate. Organizational Capacity Readiness scored 28 at level II indicating a fairly good understanding of the value of EMR. Overall, Simpang Lima Husada Primary Clinic scored 95 out of a score range of 44-96 (level II) indicating it is quite ready to implement EMR based on the CAFP EHR Readiness Assessment.

Nexus of Tax Law and Non-Profit Organizations: Incentives and challenges in compliance with tax laws by Public Benefit Organizations in South Africa: a scoping review

This study examines the tax incentives and challenges faced by Non-Profit Organisations (NPOs) in South Africa, with a focus on those registered as Public Benefit Organisations (PBOs). NPOs play a vital role in addressing socio-economic issues, and serving vulnerable communities. While these organizations operate for non-profit purposes, the tax incentives provided by the government are crucial for their financial sustainability. Therefore, establishing a supportive tax framework is essential to promote their growth and operational capacity. A scoping review methodology was employed, analyzing literature on tax incentives and compliance challenges faced by South African NPOs from 2010 to 2023. Key provisions include income tax exemptions under Section 10(1)(cN), capital gains tax exclusions, and Section 18A tax-deductible donations. The study also explored the legal framework governing tax-exempt status and trading activities. Findings show that while tax incentives provide significant benefits, NPOs face challenges in maintaining compliance, such as complex regulations, limited financial resources, and a lack of expertise. Many struggle with differentiating between exempt and taxable activities. Strategies to address these issues include simplifying tax processes, enhancing financial management education, and improving communication between SARS and NPOs. Introducing user-friendly tax reporting systems and tailored support could further boost compliance and ensure NPOs maximize available benefits. These insights are valuable for policymakers and tax authorities seeking to strengthen the regulatory framework and support the growth of NPOs in South Africa.

Digital Twin-Assisted Lightpath Provisioning and Nonlinear Mitigation in C+L+S Multiband Optical Networks.

Multiband (MB) optical transmission targets increasing the capacity of operators' optical transport networks. However, nonlinear impairments (NLI) affect each optical channel in the C+L+S bands differently, and, therefore, the routing and spectrum assignment (RSA) problem needs to be complemented with fast and accurate tools to consider the quality of transmission (QoT) within the provisioning process. This paper proposes a digital twin-assisted approach for lightpath provisioning to provide a complete solution for the RSA problem that ensures the required QoT in MB optical networks. The OCATA time domain digital twin is proposed, not only to estimate the QoT of a selected path but also to support the QoT-based channel assignment process. OCATA is based on a Deep Neural Network (DNN) to model the propagation of the optical signal. However, because of the different impacts of nonlinear noise on each channel and the large number of channels that need to be considered in C+L+S MB scenarios, OCATA needs to be adapted to make it scalable, while keeping its high accuracy and fast QoT estimation characteristics. In consequence, a complete methodology is proposed in this work that limits the number of channels being modeled to just a few. Moreover, OCATA-MB helps to mitigate NLI noise by programming the receiver at the provisioning time and thus with very little complexity compared to its equivalent implemented during the operation. NLI noise mitigation can be applied in the case when a lightpath cannot be provisioned because none of the available channels can provide the required QoT, making it an advantageous tool for reducing connection blocking. Exhaustive simulation results demonstrate the remarkable accuracy of OCATA-MB in estimating the QoT for any channel. Interestingly, by utilizing the proposed OCATA-MB-assisted lightpath provisioning approach, a reduction of the blocking ratio exceeding 50% when compared to traditional approaches is shown when NLI noise mitigation is not applied. If NLI mitigation is implemented, an additional over 50% blocking reduction is achieved.

Effect of Temperature on the Inocula Preservation, Mesophilic Anaerobic Digestion Start-Up, and Microbial Community Dynamics

Anaerobic digestion (AD) is a well-established technology for the sustainable conversion of agricultural organic by-products and waste into bioenergy. Temperature is crucial for optimizing methane production through inocula preservation and reactor start-up in AD. The preservation of inocula induced by temperature has rarely been assessed from an engineering perspective. There has also been limited exploration of the influence of high-to-moderate temperature transition on the initiation of AD. This study employed continuous mesophilic AD reactors with potential engineering applications to conduct revival tests. These tests evaluated the methane production activity of sludge stored at different temperatures and investigated the impact of high-temperature initiation on mesophilic AD. Additionally, we elucidated the correlation between these assessments and microbial diversity as well as composition. The results indicated that bacterial diversity was higher in the inoculum stored at 35 °C compared to 15 °C, ensuring a stable start-up operation of the mesophilic AD. The richness of the bacteria and diversity of the archaea remained stable during the transition from high to mesophilic temperatures. This was conducive to enhancing methanogenic activity of mesophilic AD initiated at 55 °C. The continuously operated AD system showed significant differences in microbial composition compared to its inoculum. Increased abundance of Coriobacteriaceae and Prevotellaceae led to propionate and butyrate accumulation, respectively, reducing AD operational capacity. Methanogenic archaea were less diverse in AD initiated with low-temperature preserved inoculum compared to that with a medium temperature. Streptococcaceae induced by high temperarure could promote AD stability. Hydrogenotrophic methanogens had a competitive advantage in mesophilic AD due to their prior exposure to high-temperature initiation, possibly influenced by Thermotogaceae.

Energy Transition, a commitment to Strengthening the Safety and Operational Capacity of EMAFs the EMAF

El presente artículo, analiza la viabilidad de la implementación de un modelo de transición energética sostenible puede fortalecer la seguridad energética y operativa de las Estaciones Móviles de Apoyo Fluvial (EMAF) de la Infantería de Marina Colombiana. Se discuten los bondades de integrar energías renovables y tecnologías de almacenamiento energético, destacando su capacidad para reducir la dependencia de combustibles fósiles, disminuir costos logísticos y mitigar riesgos asociados a las cadenas de suministro de combustible en entornos fluviales adversos. se evalúan los impactos estratégicos de esta transición en términos de autonomía operativa, sostenibilidad ambiental y resiliencia frente a amenazas externas. El artículo concluye que la transición energética no solo es una herramienta para optimizar recursos, sino también un componente clave para mejorar la capacidad de respuesta y la efectividad de las EMAF en su misión de garantizar la seguridad y el desarrollo en las zonas fluviales del país.

A Research on The Economic Consequences of The Implementation of Dual-Class Share (DCS) Structure: A Case Study Based on Kuaishou Technology

Following the abolition of the dual-class share structure in 1989, the Hong Kong Exchanges and Clearing Limited re-launched the "Weighted Voting Right" mechanism. In February 2021, Kuaishou Technology listed in Hong Kong with a dual-class share structure, which has been regarded as the initial public offering of “the first stock of short video” drew the attention of many investors. Particularly, numerous international scholars have examined the performance of the dual-class share structure. This paper examines the economic consequences of the three dimensions based on the IPO of Kuaishou Technology. Taken together, by adopting a dual-class share structure, managers are more likely to face lower unsystematic risk and firms are less likely to face acquisition risks, as well as higher innovation performance and thus greater growth potential with a particular emphasis on operation capacity and profitability, even if the performance is not obvious in the short term. The contribution of this paper is to provide practical experiences for other Internet companies with the aim of promoting dual-class share structure and corporate sustainability.

Research On the Impact of ESG Performance on Operating Capacity in Environmental Protection Industry

With the rise of ESG concepts as a hot topic, the topic of corporate Environment. Social. Government(ESG)governance has attracted the attention of scholars. However, there is a lack of research on the relationship between corporate ESG governance and operational capabilities. This article explores the impact and mechanism of ESG performance of listed companies in the environmental protection field on their operational capabilities. Based on quarterly data from 2010 to 2023, this article uses the Topsis model and linear regression analysis to do empirical analysis. Research shows that the comprehensive ESG performance of environmental protection enterprises is significantly positively correlated with their operational capabilities. Enterprises with excellent ESG can improve operational efficiency by effectively reducing sales costs. The study emphasizes the role of ESG in corporate strategy, information transparency, and financing simplification, and suggests that companies strengthen the integration of ESG strategies into their business, transparent disclosure, and internal and external supervision. This article enriches the research on the operational efficiency of ESG in environmental protection enterprises and has practical guidance value for ESG application, policy formulation, and corporate strategy.

Flexible and adjustable resource backup capacity planning method for port areas with a high percentage of new energy access

In view of the problem of insufficient flexibility in grid regulation caused by the large-scale integration of new energy sources, this paper proposes an interactive regulation method for flexible resources to participate in wind and solar energy consumption and establishes a two-layer optimization model of planning and operation. The planning layer considers the planned capacity of flexible adjustable resources, and the operation layer comprehensively considers economic costs. Flexible resources are coordinated and regulated to achieve multi-objective optimization using a hybrid swarm migration algorithm based on indicators such as the operating costs of each standby unit and the cost of standby resources. The optimization results are then fed back to the planning layer to obtain the optimal regulation scheme. Meanwhile, this paper expands the source of backup resources to include the source-load-storage. It proposes a strategy for coordinating the participation of diversified resources from the source-load-storage in the backup capacity planning. Finally, a simulation analysis is carried out based on the actual power grid of a port. The results show that the reasonable allocation of diversified flexible resources can improve the economy of the power grid, the wind and solar energy consumption capacity, the flexibility of regulation, and the reliable operation capacity, which verifies the rationality and effectiveness of the proposed method.

Bentayga-I: Development of a Low-Cost and Open-Source Multispectral CubeSat for Marine Environment Monitoring and Prevention.

CubeSats have emerged as a promising alternative to satellite missions for studying remote areas where satellite data are scarce and insufficient, such as coastal and marine environments. However, their standard size and weight limitations make integrating remote sensing optical instruments challenging. This work presents the development of Bentayga-I, a CubeSat designed to validate PANDORA, a self-made, lightweight, cost-effective multispectral camera with interchangeable spectral optical filters, in near-space conditions. Its four selected spectral bands are relevant for ocean studies. Alongside the camera, Bentayga-I integrates a power system for short-time operation capacity; a thermal subsystem to maintain battery function; environmental sensors to monitor the CubeSat's internal and external conditions; and a communication subsystem to transmit acquired data to a ground station. The first helium balloon launch with B2Space proved that Bentayga-I electronics worked correctly in near-space environments. During this launch, the spectral capabilities of PANDORA alongside the spectrum were validated using a hyperspectral camera. Its scientific applicability was also tested by capturing images of coastal areas. A second launch is planned to further validate the multispectral camera in a real-world scenario. The integration of Bentayga-I and PANDORA presents promising results for future low-cost CubeSats missions.

Facilitators and challenges in collaboration between public health units and faith-based organizations to promote COVID-19 vaccine confidence in Ontario

BackgroundEquitable access to vaccination remains a concern, particularly among population groups made structurally vulnerable. These population groups reflect the diversity of communities that are confronted with structural barriers caused by systemic racism and oppression and result in them experiencing suffer disadvantage and discrimination based on citizenship, race, ethnicity, ancestry, religion, spiritual beliefs, and/or gender identity. In Canada, Ontario public health units (PHUs) engage with faith-based organizations (FBOs) to improve vaccine confidence among populations made structurally vulnerable. This study explores the factors that facilitate and hinder engagement in the implementation of vaccine confidence promoting interventions, and challenges associated with working with FBOs.MethodsIn-depth interviews were conducted with 18 of the 34 Ontario PHUs who expressed an interest. Braun and Clarke’s “experiential” approach was used to explore the realities of PHUs’ contextual experiences and perspectives.ResultsThe results showed that receptivity and openness of PHUs to learn from FBOs, previous experience working with religious communities and FBOs, ongoing relations based on respect of different beliefs and opinions on the vaccines, leveraging the support of trusted faith leaders among communities and communications strategy adapted and sensitive to the needs of the community was facilitators to community involvement in the prevention and control of COVID-19. On the other hand, factors both internal and external to the PHUs have often posed challenges to collaboration with the FBOs. Internal factors include low operational capacity of PHU like insufficient human and financial resources, weak analytical capacity, ambiguity in the roles and responsibilities of the different actors. Some external challenges issues were related to the provincial level and the Ministry of Health, while others were related to FBOs. For example, faith-based and collective beliefs promoting vaccine hesitancy have resulted in resistance from some religious communities when PHUs have reached out to collaborate.ConclusionsEngaging with faith-based communities is an ongoing process that requires time, flexibility, and patience, but it is necessary to improve vaccine confidence and equity access among population groups made structurally vulnerable. Lessons learned from this research can guide the implementation of future vaccination programs.