Open Regions Research Articles

On Third Hankel Determinant for Certain Subclass of Bi-Univalent Functions

This study presents a subclass S(β) of bi-univalent functions within the open unit disk region D. The objective of this class is to determine the bounds of the Hankel determinant of order 3, (Ⱨ3(1)). In this study, new constraints for the estimates of the third Hankel determinant for the class S(β) are presented, which are of considerable interest in various fields of mathematics, including complex analysis and geometric function theory. Here, we define these bi-univalent functions as S(β) and impose constraints on the coefficients │an│. Our investigation provides the upper bounds for the bi-univalent functions in this newly developed subclass, specifically for n = 2, 3, 4, and 5. We then derive the third Hankel determinant for this particular class, which reveals several intriguing scenarios. These findings contribute to the broader understanding of bi-univalent functions and their potential applications in diverse mathematical contexts. Notably, the results obtained may serve as a foundation for future investigations into the properties and applications of bi-univalent functions and their subclasses.

Investigation of fatigue crack closure effect on the evaluation of edge cracks with the fundamental mode of edge waves

Fatigue cracks often initiate and propagate from edges of structural components. Detection and evaluation of edge cracks could be very challenging, specifically, due to the crack closure phenomenon, which makes fatigue cracks to be partially closed when the applied loading is removed; this usually corresponds to maintenance and NDE inspection conditions. Despite that fatigue crack closure is well investigated, past experimental and theoretical studies related to guided wave-based NDEs largely ignored this phenomenon. In this article, the fundamental symmetric mode of edge waves (ES0) is used to evaluate crack closure effects on the evaluation of fatigue cracks. The experimental studies have demonstrated that the reflected and transmitted signals at different frequencies correlate very well with the length of the open region of fatigue cracks. However, an accurate evaluation of the total crack length can only be conducted under an applied loading, which fully separates the crack faces. Finally, a new FE model has been proposed to simulate the fatigue crack closure and its effects on propagation of ultrasonic bulk and guided waves. The outcomes of FE modelling and experimental study were found in a good agreement.

Evaluasi Kesesuaian RTH terhadap RTRW Kota Pariaman

This research is related to assessing the reasonableness of the area of green open space (RTH) towards the development strategy of Pariaman City as stated in the Regional Regulation (Perda) of the Regional Spatial Planning (RTRW) of Pariaman City for 2010-2030, namely 30% and aims to, 1) Find out distribution and extent of availability of green open space (RTH) in Pariaman City. 2) Knowing the suitability between green open space (RTH) and Regional Spatial Planning (RTRW). This research is a quantitative exploration using spatial methodology. Using Sentinel-2 satellite imagery and the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) identification method, the analysis used focuses on the distribution of green vegetation throughout Pariaman City. The vegetation distribution obtained was overlaid with shapefile data (SHP) obtained from the digitization of the Regional Regulations (Perda) of the Regional Spatial Planning (RTRW) of Pariaman City for 2010-2030, so that the area, distribution and suitability are known. The results of identifying 3946.09 Ha of green open space (RTH) from 4118.76 Ha which were planned in detail, namely; City Park RTH, planned area 3214.16 Ha and area in the field 3087.12 Ha, City Forest RTH, planned area 174.8 Ha and area in the field 174.23 Ha, Cemetery Open Space, planned area 4.72 Ha and area in field 4.67 Ha, RTH Road Route, planned area 504.14 Ha and area in the field 472.53 Ha and RTH Tourism Area, planned area 220.94 Ha and area in the field 207.54 Ha. The percentage of Pariaman City's green open space to the area is 59.57% and has fulfilled the provisions of the RTRW Regional Regulation, namely a minimum green open space of 30%.

Global repair is the primary nucleotide excision repair subpathway for the removal of pyrimidine-pyrimidone (6-4) damage from the Arabidopsis genome

Ultraviolet (UV) component of solar radiation impairs genome stability by inducing the formation of pyrimidine-pyrimidone (6-4) photoproducts [(6-4)PPs] in plant genomes. (6-4)PPs disrupt growth and development by interfering with transcription and DNA replication. To resist UV stress, plants employ both photoreactivation and nucleotide excision repair that excises oligonucleotide containing (6-4)PPs through two subpathways: global and transcription-coupled excision repair (TCR). Here, we analyzed the genome-wide excision repair-mediated repair of (6-4)PPs in Arabidopsis thaliana and found that (6-4)PPs can be repaired by TCR; however, the main subpathway to remove (6-4)PPs from the genome is global repair. Our analysis showed that open chromatin genome regions are more rapidly repaired than heterochromatin regions, and the repair level peaks at the promoter, transcription start site and transcription end site of genes. Our study revealed that the repair of (6-4)PP in plants showed a distinct genome-wide repair profile compared to the repair of other major UV-induced DNA lesion called cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs).

Cytotoxic CD8+ Temra cells show loss of chromatin accessibility at genes associated with T cell activation.

As humans age, their memory T cell compartment expands due to the lifelong exposure to antigens. This expansion is characterized by terminally differentiated CD8+ T cells (Temra), which possess NK cell-like phenotype and are associated with chronic inflammatory conditions. Temra cells are predominantly driven by the sporadic reactivation of cytomegalovirus (CMV), yet their epigenomic patterns and cellular heterogeneity remain understudied. To address this gap, we correlated their gene expression profiles with chromatin openness and conducted single-cell transcriptome analysis, comparing them to other CD8+ subsets and CMV-responses. We confirmed that Temra cells exhibit high expression of genes associated with cytotoxicity and lower expression of costimulatory and chemokine genes. The data revealed that CMV-responsive CD8+ T cells (Tcmv) were predominantly derived from a mixed population of Temra and memory cells (Tcm/em) and shared their transcriptomic profiles. Using ATAC-seq analysis, we identified 1449 differentially accessible chromatin regions between CD8+ Temra and Tcm/em cells, of which only 127 sites gained chromatin accessibility in Temra cells. We further identified 51 gene loci, including costimulatory CD27, CD28, and ICOS genes, whose chromatin accessibility correlated with their gene expression. The differential chromatin regions Tcm/em cells were enriched in motifs that bind multiple transcriptional activators, such as Jun/Fos, NFkappaB, and STAT, whereas the open regions in Temra cells mainly contained binding sites of T-box transcription factors. Our single-cell analysis of CD8+CCR7loCD45RAhi sorted Temra population showed several subsets of Temra and NKT-like cells and CMC1+ Temra populations in older individuals that were shifted towards decreased cytotoxicity. Among CD8+CCR7loCD45RAhi sorted cells, we found a decreased proportion of IL7R+ Tcm/em-like and MAIT cells in individuals with high levels of CMV antibodies (CMVhi). These results shed new light on the molecular and cellular heterogeneity of CD8+ Temra cells and their relationship to aging and CMV infection.

Exploring the origin and fate of surface and sub-surface marine microplastics in the Canary Islands region

The presence of different types of microplastics (MPs) in the Atlantic Ocean has been well-documented, with data collected from the Canary Islands indicating high concentrations of MPs at four different beaches (hot spots). However, critical gaps persist regarding the abundance of MPs in diverse open ocean regions, at varying depths, and their transport behavior and origin. This study aims to evaluate, for the first time, the large-scale (>100 km) and mesoscale (10-100 km) ocean dynamic processes and the resulting transport of MPs in the region. On the one hand, this study investigates the surface velocity of currents between 27-32°N latitude range, establishing correlation with the accumulation of MPs on diverse beaches across several islands of the archipelago. This analysis goes beyond studying the predominant current by integrating data at a smaller geographical scale over a two-year period. Concurrently, previous and ongoing research suggests the presence of small MPs (SMPs,<1 mm) at high concentration at a depth of 1100 meters in this region. By integrating these vertical profiles of MPs with a deep understanding of the physical processes of the Canary region accumulated over decades of research, our study introduces an innovative model that outlines how SMPs are sink and transported in open oceans by water mases. This comprehensive approach not only enhances our understanding of the complex dynamics influencing the distribution of MPs but also provides crucial insights to address the widespread problem of MP pollution in the Atlantic.

A high-performance computational workflow to accelerate GATK SNP detection across a 25-genome dataset

BackgroundSingle-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are the most widely used form of molecular genetic variation studies. As reference genomes and resequencing data sets expand exponentially, tools must be in place to call SNPs at a similar pace. The genome analysis toolkit (GATK) is one of the most widely used SNP calling software tools publicly available, but unfortunately, high-performance computing versions of this tool have yet to become widely available and affordable.ResultsHere we report an open-source high-performance computing genome variant calling workflow (HPC-GVCW) for GATK that can run on multiple computing platforms from supercomputers to desktop machines. We benchmarked HPC-GVCW on multiple crop species for performance and accuracy with comparable results with previously published reports (using GATK alone). Finally, we used HPC-GVCW in production mode to call SNPs on a “subpopulation aware” 16-genome rice reference panel with ~ 3000 resequenced rice accessions. The entire process took ~ 16 weeks and resulted in the identification of an average of 27.3 M SNPs/genome and the discovery of ~ 2.3 million novel SNPs that were not present in the flagship reference genome for rice (i.e., IRGSP RefSeq).ConclusionsThis study developed an open-source pipeline (HPC-GVCW) to run GATK on HPC platforms, which significantly improved the speed at which SNPs can be called. The workflow is widely applicable as demonstrated successfully for four major crop species with genomes ranging in size from 400 Mb to 2.4 Gb. Using HPC-GVCW in production mode to call SNPs on a 25 multi-crop-reference genome data set produced over 1.1 billion SNPs that were publicly released for functional and breeding studies. For rice, many novel SNPs were identified and were found to reside within genes and open chromatin regions that are predicted to have functional consequences. Combined, our results demonstrate the usefulness of combining a high-performance SNP calling architecture solution with a subpopulation-aware reference genome panel for rapid SNP discovery and public deployment.

Evaluating histone modification analysis of individual preimplantation embryos

BackgroundWe previously reported a modification of the CUT&Tag method (NTU-CAT) that allows genome-wide histone modification analysis in individual preimplantation embryos. In the present study, NTU-CAT was further simplified by taking advantage of the Well-of-the-Well (WOW) system, which enables the processing of multiple embryos in a shorter time with less reagent and cell loss during the procedure (WOW-CUT&Tag, WOW-CAT).ResultsWOW-CAT allowed histone modification profiling from not only a single blastocyst but also from a portion of it. WOW-CAT generated similar H3K4me3 profiles as NTU-CAT, but they were closer to the profiles produced by chromatin immunoprecipitation-sequencing, such as a valley-like trend and relatively lower false positive rates, indicating that WOW-CAT may attenuate the bias of Tn5 transposase to cut open chromatin regions. Simultaneous WOW-CAT of two halves of single blastocysts was conducted to analyze two different histone modifications (H3K4me3 and H3K27ac) within the same embryo. Furthermore, trophectoderm cells were biopsied and subjected to WOW-CAT in anticipation of preimplantation diagnosis of histone modifications. WOW-CAT allowed the monitoring of epigenetic modifications in the main body of the embryo. For example, analysis of H3K4me3 modifications of XIST and DDX3Y in trophectoderm biopsies could be used to sex embryos in combination with quantitative PCR, but without the need for deep sequencing.ConclusionsThese results suggest the applicability of WOW-CAT for flexible epigenetic analysis of individual embryos in preimplantation epigenetic diagnosis.

Asymptotic spatial behavior for the heat equation on noncompact regions

AbstractWe consider the isotropic initial boundary value problem for the heat equation on open regions with noncompact boundary and construct differential inequalities for a generalized heat flow measure defined over a spherical cross section. Under suitable assumptions, integration of the differential inequality leads to spatial growth and decay rate estimates for mean‐square cross‐sectional measures of the time‐weighted temperature spatial gradient. The estimates are then used to obtain similar results for the time‐weighted temperature. In particular, when the base heat flow measure is positive, the time‐weighted temperature becomes pointwise unbounded at large spatial distance.

Characterizing damage patterns and evolution in Multi-Hole GLARE laminates under tensile load via integrated AE and DIC techniques

In this study, a combined numerical simulation and experimental approach was employed to investigate the mechanical behavior and damage mechanisms of multi-hole GLARE laminates with varying off-axis angles under static tensile loading. Digital image correlation techniques were used to monitor changes in the strain field near the open hole region. The acoustic emission parameters were used to recognize damage patterns and evolution. The progressive damage evolution processes of various GLARE components were investigated using a 3D finite element model (FEM) based on the Hashin strain criterion and cohesive zone modeling. The results indicate that GLARE experiences damage modes such as aluminum alloy breakage, matrix cracking, fiber/matrix debonding, delamination, and fiber breakage. The frequency ranges associated with the five damage modes are as follows: [0–50 kHz], [100–175 kHz], [175–220 kHz], [220–300 kHz], and [300–400 kHz]. The dominant damage mode throughout the tensile phase is matrix cracking, but the ultimate failure of the specimen is determined by aluminum alloy breakage and fiber breakage. In addition, increasing the off-axis angle of the multi-hole leads to a shift in the final failure mode from tensile-dominated to tensile shear-dominated, while also slightly reducing the overall initial stiffness of the specimen.

Real-time structural signatures of protein allostery by electrically- and mechanically-coupled sensing

Accurate detection and identification of conformational evolutions are essential to describe the micro-structural mechanisms of protein allostery. Here we establish an approach by integrating nanopore sensing technique with atomic force microscopy, based on molecular dynamics simulations. A theoretical method is further developed to real-time estimate the low-resolution structures of those evolved conformations. Tests for the forced allostery of αXβ2 integrin, a typical protein with multiple functional states, demonstrate that the spheroidal shape identifiers of those intermediate conformers present sufficient sensitivity to resolve two allosteric patterns of αXβ2 from bent-down to stand-up states under the nanopore confinement. The strong steric confinement from the nanopore restricts the geometric displacements of key domains in conformational extension dynamics, thereby increasing the intramolecular interaction energy barrier to be overcome for standing. Prolongation of the neck-shoulder region of αXβ2 and opening at the thigh-calf joint form a competitive compensation for the stretched height, resulting in two tendentious allosteric patterns under various confined diameters and steered speeds. Thus, this study proposes a new method to real-time visualize the conformational dynamics during protein allostery, favoring to depict structural characteristics for the conformations of those transient states and evaluate the impacts of the nanopore confinement on protein allostery.

Brooklyn plots to identify co-expression dysregulation in single cell sequencing.

Altered open chromatin regions, impacting gene expression, is a feature of some human disorders. We discovered it is possible to detect global changes in genomically-related adjacent gene co-expression within single cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data. We built a software package to generate and test non-randomness using 'Brooklyn plots' to identify the percent of genes significantly co-expressed from the same chromosome in ∼10MB intervals across the genome. These plots establish an expected low baseline of co-expression in scRNA-seq from most cell types, but, as seen in dilated cardiomyopathy cardiomyocytes, altered patterns of open chromatin appear. These may relate to larger regions of transcriptional bursting, observable in single cell, but not bulk datasets.

CTCF regulates hepatitis B virus cccDNA chromatin topology.

Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) is a small DNA virus that replicates via an episomal covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) that serves as the transcriptional template for viral mRNAs. The host protein, CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF), is a key regulator of cellular transcription by maintaining epigenetic boundaries, nucleosome phasing, stabilisation of long-range chromatin loops and directing alternative exon splicing. We previously reported that CTCF binds two conserved motifs within Enhancer I of the HBV genome and represses viral transcription, however, the underlying mechanisms were not identified. We show that CTCF depletion in cells harbouring cccDNA-like HBV molecules and in de novo infected cells resulted in an increase in spliced transcripts, which was most notable in the abundant SP1 spliced transcript. In contrast, depletion of CTCF in cell lines with integrated HBV DNA had no effect on the abundance of viral transcripts and in line with this observation there was limited evidence for CTCF binding to viral integrants, suggesting that CTCF-regulation of HBV transcription is specific to episomal cccDNA. Analysis of HBV chromatin topology by Assay for Transposase Accessible Chromatin Sequencing (ATAC-Seq) revealed an accessible region spanning Enhancers I and II and the basal core promoter (BCP). Mutating the CTCF binding sites within Enhancer I resulted in a dramatic rearrangement of chromatin accessibility where the open chromatin region was no longer detected, indicating loss of the phased nucleosome up- and down-stream of the HBV enhancer/BCP. These data demonstrate that CTCF functions to regulate HBV chromatin conformation and nucleosomal positioning in episomal maintained cccDNA, which has important consequences for HBV transcription regulation.

Diapycnal mixing induced by salt finger and internal tides on the northwest coast of India

Microstructure measurements of velocity shear from the continental slope of the northwest coast of India (NWCI) in the eastern Arabian Sea are used to quantify the relative importance of double diffusion and internal tides induced diapycnal mixing in the different depth layers. It is found that the hydrographic conditions in the NWCI are conducive to the formation of moderately strong salt fingering (Turner angle between 55° and 72°). However, salt finger-induced vertical mixing dominates only in the upper 180 m of the water column, below which intense shear-driven turbulent mixing due to internal tide reduces its significance. As a result of this, the staircase structures, a measure of salt finger dominance in the water column, are frequent, and the mean temperature change across the interface (DTIH; 0.33 °C) is relatively larger in the upper 180 m compared to sporadic occurrence of steps with a small magnitude of DTIH (0.18 °C) below 180 m. It is also found that in the upper 180 m of the water column in the NWCI, mean diapycnal diffusivity (Kρ) is approximately a factor of eight larger (8.3 ± 1.3 × 10−5 m2s−1) than the estimation in the open ocean region of the eastern Arabian sea (5.4 ± 1.1 × 10−6 m2 s−1). However, due to internal tides, the magnitude of Kρ reaches as large as O (10−2) m2 s−1 below 180 m in the NWCI. The mean downward heat flux estimated in the salt finger-dominated (upper 180 m) layers is ∼ -6.1 Wm-2, and the shear-driven mixing-dominated layers (below 180 m) is ∼ -10.2 Wm-2.

Droplet manipulation on an adjustable closed-open digital microfluidic system utilizing asymmetric EWOD.

The closed-open digital microfluidic (DMF) system offers a versatile and powerful platform for various applications by combining the advantages of both closed and open structures. The current closed-open DMF system faces challenges in scaling up due to electrode structural differences between closed and open regions. Here we developed an adjustable closed-open DMF platform by utilizing the modified slippery liquid-infused porous surfaces (SLIPS) with asymmetric electrowetting on dielectric (AEWOD) as a hydrophobic dielectric layer. The consistent electrode structures of the bottom printed circuit board (PCB) electrode array on both the closed and open regions, and the utilization of a transparent acrylic with floating potential as the top plate allow a low-cost and easily scalable closed-open DMF system to be achieved. The impacts of applied voltage, parallel plate spacing, electrode switching interval, and electrode driving strategies on various droplet manipulations were investigated. The results show that the optimal plate spacings range from 340-510 μm within the closed region. Meanwhile, we also studied the influence of the thickness, geometry, and position of the top plate on the droplet movement at the closed-open boundary. Through force analysis and experimentation, it is found that a thin top plate and a bevel of ∼4° can effectively facilitate the movement of droplets at the boundary. Finally, we successfully achieved protein staining experiments on this platform and developed a customized smartphone application for the accurate detection of protein concentration. This innovative closed-open DMF system provides new possibilities for future applications in real-time biological sample processing and detection.

Day‐Flying Lepidopteran Species Abundance, Diversity, and Distribution in Wolaita Sodo University, Ethiopia

Lepidoptera account for the second largest, most diverse, widespread, and widely recognized insect order in the class Insecta. At four microhabitats at Wolaita Sodo University (WSU) in Ethiopia, lepidopteran diversity and abundance were studied for the first time using transects between January 2022 and December 2023. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance, correlation analysis, diversity indices, and ordination and cluster analysis. Altogether 50 species of 367 individuals were collected throughout the study period distributed in 6 families. The Nymphalidae family contained the highest species abundance 20 (34%). In comparison to other ecosystems, open forest regions (35%) included more species, followed by shrub forest (30%). Species such as Danaus plexippus, Tirumala septentrionis, and Melanargia lachesis were abundant in open forest habitat. Idea leuconoe and Eurema brigitta were also abundant, regardless of location. About 36% of species were recorded only in dry season and 36% of total were recorded only in wet season. Spearman’s rho correlation analysis showed that butterfly families had strong positive relationships with flying habitat and flight seasons. Therefore, adequate conservation measures should be taken to ensure their survival, as well as the preservation of their habitats for the benefit of the ecosystem as a whole.

Identification of a transcription factor network regulating anti-TNF mediated IL10 expression in human CD4+ T cells.

CD4+ T cells are key players in immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs) through the production of inflammatory mediators including tumour necrosis factor (TNF). Anti-TNF therapy has revolutionized the treatment of several IMIDs and we previously demonstrated that in vitro treatment of human CD4+ T cells with anti-TNF promotes anti-inflammatory IL-10 expression in multiple subpopulations of CD4+ T cells. Here we investigated the transcriptional mechanisms underlying the IL-10 induction by TNF-blockade in CD4+ T cells, isolated from PBMCs of healthy volunteers, stimulated in vitro for 3 days with anti-CD3/CD28 mAb in the absence or presence of anti-TNF. After culture, CD45RA+ cells were depleted before performing gene expression profiling and chromatin accessibility analysis. Gene expression analysis of CD45RA-CD4+ T cells showed a distinct anti-TNF specific gene signature of 183 genes (q-value < 0.05). Pathway enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes revealed multiple pathways related to cytokine signalling and regulation of cytokine production; in particular, IL10 was the most upregulated gene by anti-TNF, while the proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines IFNG, IL9, IL22, and CXCL10 were significantly downregulated (q-value < 0.05). Transcription factor motif analysis at the differentially open chromatin regions, after anti-TNF treatment, revealed 58 transcription factor motifs enriched at the IL10 locus. We identified seven transcription factor candidates for the anti-TNF mediated regulation of IL-10, which were either differentially expressed or whose locus was differentially accessible upon anti-TNF treatment. Correlation analysis between the expression of these transcription factors and IL10 suggests a role for MAF, PRDM1, and/or EOMES in regulating IL10 expression in CD4+ T cells upon anti-TNF treatment.

A Bioinformatically Initiated Approach to Evaluate GATA1 Regulatory Regions in Samples with Weak D, Del, or D– Phenotypes Despite Normal RHD Exons

Introduction: With over 360 blood group antigens in systems recognized, there are antigens, such as RhD, which demonstrate a quantitative reduction in antigen expression due to nucleotide variants in the non-coding region of the gene that result in aberrant splicing or a regulatory mechanism. This study aimed to evaluate bioinformatically predicted GATA1-binding regulatory motifs in the RHD gene for samples presenting with weak or apparently negative RhD antigen expression but showing normal RHD exons. Methods: Publicly available open chromatin region data were overlayed with GATA1 motif candidates in RHD. Genomic DNA from weak D, Del or D– samples with normal RHD exons (n = 13) was used to confirm RHD zygosity by quantitative PCR. Then, RHD promoter, intron 1, and intron 2 regions were amplified for Sanger sequencing to detect potential disruptions in the GATA1 motif candidates. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) was performed to assess GATA1-binding. Luciferase assays were used to assess transcriptional activity. Results: Bioinformatic analysis identified five of six GATA1 motif candidates in the promoter, intron 1 and intron 2 for investigation in the samples. Luciferase assays showed an enhancement in transcription for GATA1 motifs in intron 1 and for intron 2 only when the R2 haplotype variant (rs675072G>A) was present. GATA1 motifs were intact in 12 of 13 samples. For one sample with a Del phenotype, a novel RHD c.1–110A>C variant disrupted the GATA1 motif in the promoter which was supported by a lack of a GATA1 supershift in the EMSA and 73% transcriptional activity in the luciferase assay. Two samples were D+/D– chimeras. Conclusion: The bioinformatic predictions enabled the identification of a novel DEL allele, RHD c.1–110A>C, which disrupted the GATA1 motif in the proximal promoter. Although the majority of the samples investigated here remain unexplained, we provide GATA1 targets which may benefit future RHD regulatory investigations.

Flow Visualization and PIV Analysis of Rotating Flow in Simplified HDD Model with Arm Isolation Angle Inclined at 32° Between Disk and Shroud Opening Region

Flow Visualization and PIV Analysis of Rotating Flow in Simplified HDD Model with Arm Isolation Angle Inclined at 32° Between Disk and Shroud Opening Region

Bemisia tabaci MEAM1 still remains the dominant species in open field crops in Brazil.

Among Bemisia tabaci species, the invasive MEAM1 and MED species are key agricultural pests for many crops. In Brazil, most part of B. tabaci population outbreaks were associated with MEAM1, which, since 1990s quickly spread across the entire country. Later in 2014, the MED was identified in Brazil, initially more restricted to greenhouses, but suddenly reaching new areas in the South and Southeast open regions. Thus, our objective was to investigate the geographical distribution of MEAM1 and MED on open field crops in Brazil. MEAM1 is still the predominant species on open field crops such as soybean, cotton, and tomato. The sequencing of a cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene fragment revealed a single haplotype of MEAM1, suggesting the establishment of a single MEAM1 strain in the country. The haplotypes found for MEAM1 and MED are genetically related to the globally dispersed strains, Jap1 and Mch1, respectively. Continuous monitoring of B. tabaci species is crucial because landscape alterations, climatic changes, and pest management methods may shift the B. tabaci species distribution and dominance in Brazilian crop areas.