Open Interviews Research Articles

Variation of local zoological knowledge about Southern river otter and other semi-aquatic mammals in Nahuel Huapi National Park (Argentina)

BackgroundThe huillín (Lontra provocax, Thomas 1908) is an otter, endemic to southern Argentina and Chile. It is in danger of extinction. In the Nahuel Huapi National Park and surroundings is the only freshwater, known and stable population of huillín in Argentina. In this park, several urban and rural centers coexist with this species. The main objective of our work was to answer: How does the local zoological knowledge (LZK) vary about the huillín, particularly its identification and sighting, among people from different social groups, with different ages and gender, who live in the rural or urban environment and with different periods of permanence in the place?MethodsNinety-six written interviews were conducted using visual stimuli to ensure that interviewees refer to the huillín. In addition, we also inquire about the LZK of other species with which it can be confused. Additional open interviews were conducted with participants who observed the huillín to determine the georeferencing of the reported sites and include them on a final map.Results95% of people identified the huillín and this was confused with the coipo in 3% and with the american mink, in 5%. The results show that, in general, the LZK did not vary significantly with the sociocultural characteristics of the participants, showing a remarkable homogeneity. However, people in rural areas are more likely to observe the species than people in urban areas. Moreover, people between 20 and 40 years of age are more likely to observe the huillín. The LZK mapping has identified areas that are consistent with and/or adjacent to official source records. Other areas have also been identified that may provide new information.ConclusionWith this participatory work, we realize that the species is recognized by urban and rural inhabitants and very few confused it. The homogeneity in the LZK found constitutes a kick for the realization of other participatory studies that promote lines of research, action and management that improve the quality of the environments where the only freshwater, known and stable population of the huillín in Argentina lives.

The Internationalization of Public Universities in the Valencian Community (2019-2022): A Comparative Study in a Crisis Period

The international vision in the Valencian public universities (Spain) is essential to make them competitive in a changing world, in need of transparency and accountability. Having into account this fact, within the framework of a doctoral research, we propose the following hypothesis: does the economic, organizational and institutional effort that the Valencian public universities are making in terms of internationalization correspond to the expected results in terms of quality, efficiency, institutional effectiveness and impact? From a comparative perspective, a double methodology has been used: qualitative and quantitative. The first one based on open interviews and the second one based on personalized surveys by groups. The results obtained in every university show the importance of the international vision in university policies (mobility, research, agreements, associative participation, networks and alliances, visibility, rankings, etc.) According to the data collected, it is already possible to advance a first conclusion stating that the universities of the Valencian public system are making a great effort in the development of their internationalization policies.

Evaluación del aprendizaje en escuelas multigrados del circuito C04 del Cantón Pichincha-Provincia Manabí. Una alternativa formativa para los docentes

The learning evaluation aim in education consists in providing feedback to the teaching-learning process, it becomes the starting element to improve the deficiencies in its achievement and to have an impact on its quality improvement. At multigrade institutions, learning assessment involves its own particularities and, in general, teachers get difficulties to perform adequately in this area. Particularly, teachers at the multigrade schools which are located in rural area of Pichincha district, in Manabí Province, do not have satisfactory training to adapt the model proposed by the Ministry to the reality of each institution, especially when there are only two or three teachers to teach all grades and subjects. This leads to an inadequate and slow assessment or brings a negative impact on students learning. Therefore, this study aim was to evaluate the performance of teachers concerning to learning assessment for multigrade institutions, with focus on diagnostic assessment in institutions belonging to the San Sebastian parish of the Pichincha district in Manabí province. The research was carried out in different schools that are located in 6 rural communities. Six teachers participated in the study and described the evaluation process, which was useful to verify the problems and at the same time to make a proposal that delimits the areas of teacher training needed, as well as the forms of development, methodologies, resources and participants in learning assessment, open interviews were used to collect the information.

Evaluación del desempeño del docente en educación inicial en la Institución Educativa Pablo Montesino Cáceres

The teacher evaluation is a crucial beginning point for multiple elements in Education such as: the professional teachers’ development, the students’ learning process and finally, by rising institutional quality and education in general. In Ecuador, policies and procedures are present to carry out teacher evaluation at all educational levels, except for the initial one, which has been left to the responsibility of each educational institution, without a clear course. The current research analyzes this process difficulties at Pablo Montesino Cáceres School in order to propose a teacher evaluation tool for early education teachers. The study was conducted following two steps, in the first phase a qualitative approach and the open interview to teachers were used as data collection technique. In the second phase the survey to parents was used as quantitative techniques for data collection. Hence, it is a sequential mixed study. The results display difficulties in teacher evaluation from teachers' conception until the methodology processes for needs diagnoses, the feedback processes, and the guidance training. A teacher evaluation tool is proposed for early education teachers at the "Pablo Montesino Cáceres" School.

Water Security In Tunda Island, Banten Indonesia: Potency & Threat

Water availability and management for water security on small islands are critical. The purpose of this research is to uncover the water resources issue at a small island community level as well as discourse on the potential threats and sustainable management for water security. Tunda Island, located in the Java Sea, is one of 81 small islands in Banten Province, Indonesia. Data were collected through focus group discussions, open interviews with key persons, direct field observations, and secondary data gathering. Moreover, we analyzed time series climate data, particularly rainfall and population growth projections, based on data from official Indonesian government sites. The monthly mean precipitation is ranging from a low of 48 mm/month in August to a high of 292 mm/month in January. A “surplus of water” occurs from November to May, while months with a “deficit of water” occur from June to October. The majority of the community is unaware of the water security issue due to a lack of information and knowledge in the community. Some threats to the sustainability of water resources would be caused by two factors, both anthropogenical and natural: rising water demand, diminishing groundwater reserves due to population growth and tourism activities on the island, drought, sea level rise, and seawater intrusion as climate-related impacts due to increasing population growth and tourism activities on the island and drought, sea level rise and seawater intrusion as climate-related impacts. Developing community knowledge and awareness of water security is the main issue that should be handled first, coinciding with sustainable management practices that consider water use efficiency, the use of alternative water sources (e.g., rainwater harvesting), and protecting and restoring coastal ecosystems, especially for the future tourist destination.

Barriers to Implementing the Concept of Learning Organization in Public Administration – the Example of PIORiN

Theoretical background: An efficient public administration is a prerequisite for a harmonious development of business, and for the security and prosperity of society. Its rapidity and quality are particularly important in the situation of dynamic economic, political and social changes. However, the model upon which administration is built and functions fails to meet the requirements of the present day. The subject of dysfunctional bureaucracy has been thoroughly analyzed and described in detail. Blind adherence to regulations, reluctance to introduce changes and lack of motivation to help clients are well-known vices of bureaucratic organizations throughout the world. Although countless attempts have been made to change the way these organizations function, the design and implementation of such improvements is hindered by a variety of obstacles. In this article, we shall describe barriers to the process of implementing the concept of a learning organization in a large bureaucratic organization. Purpose of the article: The purpose of the article is to discuss a number of barriers to the process of implementing the concept of a learning organization within a specific bureaucratic organization, namely the State Plant Health and Seed Inspection Service (Państwowa Inspekcja Ochrony Roślin i Nasiennictwa, PIORiN). The barriers discussed were identified in the course of research. Thus, the article adds to the existing body of knowledge about the functioning of bureaucratic organizations, their specificity and processes that take place within them. By identifying potential and actual barriers to the process of change, we can better understand organizational behavior. It also provides practical knowledge about the critical elements of the process of change. Research methods: Research was conducted within a large public institution in charge of phytosanitary controls. Three types of triangulation were used in the study: methodological, theoretical and investigator triangulation. Conclusions were drawn on the basis of a total of 51 interviews, of which 31 were conducted within the organization and 20 with external partners (clients). The basic tool used for collecting data was an open interview, always conducted by two researchers at a time. Interviews were transcribed and read on an ongoing basis with a view to carrying out a preliminary selection and category coding. Four team members participated in the coding process. Codes were subsequently analyzed and grouped into categories that served for drawing conclusions. Main findings: A number of barriers of great consequence for the process of implementing the concept of learning organization in administration have been identified; the most important are: excessive formalization, limited use of clients’ knowledge, insufficient financing, inadequate IT support, and limited cooperation with other public institutions.

Opportunities and Threats of the Legally Facilitated Performance-Based Managed Entry Agreements in Slovakia: The Early-Adoption Perspective.

Slovakia has adopted an amendment to Act No. 363/2011, regulating, among other things, drug reimbursement and is undergoing a significant change in the availability of innovative treatments for patients. High expectations are associated with arrangements related to performance-based managed entry agreements. Opinions and positions towards this change appear to be inconsistent, and for the further application of the law in practice and when setting up the main implementation processes, it is necessary to understand the positions and opinions of the individual actors who are involved in the PB-MEA process. The interviews were conducted in the period from 20 May to 15 August 2022 around the same time as the finalisation of the amendment to Act No. 363/2011 and its adoption. A roughly one-hour open interview was conducted on a sample of 12 stakeholders in the following groups: representatives of the Ministry of Health, health-care providers, pharmaceutical companies and others, including a health insurance company. The main objective was to qualitatively describe the perception of this topic by key stakeholders in Slovakia. The responses were analysed using MAXQDATA 2022 software to obtain codes associated with key expressions. We identified three main strong top categories of expressions that strongly dominated the pro-management interviews with stakeholders: legislation, opportunities and threats. Ambiguity and insufficient coverage of the new law, improved availability of medicinal products and threats associated with data, IT systems and potentially unfavourable new reimbursement schemes were identified as key topics of each of the said top categories, respectively. Among individual sets of respondents, there is frequent consensus on both opportunities and threats in the area of implementing process changes in PB-MEA. For the successful implementation of the law in practice, some basic threats need to be removed, among which in particular is insufficient data infrastructure.

Tourism and Creative Economy Entrepreneurs’ Resilience in The Covid-19 Pandemic in West Java

This study aims to determine the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the economic conditions of tourism and creative economy entrepreneurs and to identify their efforts to survive the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic in West Java. The quantitative approach with a survey method was used by presenting data through a survey of 200 tourism and creative economy entrepreneurs in West Java and simultaneously conducting open interviews to dig deeper information from the structured questions on the survey instrument. The data analysis technique used is quantitative descriptive analysis. The results show that the pandemic has impacted tourism and creative economy entrepreneurs economically, from a decrease in income to a loss of income. Efforts to survive include innovating in their businesses, using their savings, and looking for new jobs outside the tourism and creative economy sectors. In addition, collaboration and assistance are needed in business safety nets, knowledge-sharing forums in online training, and developing operating standards for tourism businesses and the creative economy that adapts to pandemic conditions.
 Keywords: Creative Economy Entrepreneurs, Covid-19 Pandemic, Tourism Resilience, West Java Tourism

The Hero-Villain-Fool Narrative Construction Method: Assessing hidden organizational phenomena.

In the following paper, I present the hero-villain-fool narrative construction method in order to assess hidden organizational phenomena. Psychologists can analyze organizations in two ways either by focusing upon formal networks (e.g. organigram) or by taking a closer look into informal networks. The present paper tries to help organizational psychologists to generate meaning making within informal networks. These informal networks are important semiotic spaces where knowledge is generated that lies in the taboo zone of talking for the formal networks. Thus, my open interview guide proposes a flexible method that can reverse the taboo zone of talking and expand the talkability zone. As a consequence, meaning making is generated that bears conflicts showing urgent - yet not fulfilled - needs within the organization. The proposed method is instanced by a microgenetic analysis of a single case study showing that the hero works as a meta-organizer for adaptive trajectories that lead into a multilateral negotiation of concrete strategies fulfilling urgent pressing needs within organizations. Limitations are made explicit such as by arguing for expanding the research design into focus groups inviting various employees and leaders to the generation of meaning making that operates between the talkability and taboo zone of talking.

BULLYING BEHAVIOR TOWARDS STUDENTS IN ISLAMIC EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS: IMPLEMENTATION OF PROBLEM SOLUTIONS

This study aims to find out how to implement problem solutions to bullying behavior that tends to occur in Islamic educational institutions. Islamic educational institutions, which in their curriculum are ensured to have a lot of character education content, are considered not optimal in giving strict sanctions to students who are perpetrators of bullying and all other dishonorable acts. This research uses a qualitative descriptive approach. To obtain research data, researchers used open interview techniques with informants. The participants in this study were students from 4 Integrated Islamic Middle Schools in Medan City, totaling 4 students. Data triangulation techniques were also used in this study by checking records from interviews, field notes, surveys and also documentation records from various data obtained. The results of the study show that bullying that occurs in several Integrated Islamic schools does not receive serious attention, teachers and schools often ignore this behavior by not providing consequences or punishments so that bullies feel rewarded or empowered for their actions. The school should not tolerate the slightest bit of disgraceful actions committed by students so that it becomes a deterrent effect for other students and parents are also required to be responsible for providing good ethical education in the family. teachers and schools often ignore this behavior by not giving consequences or punishments so that bullies feel rewarded or empowered for their actions. The school should not tolerate the slightest bit of disgraceful actions committed by students so that it becomes a deterrent effect for other students and parents are also required to be responsible for providing good ethical education in the family. teachers and schools often ignore this behavior by not giving consequences or punishments so that bullies feel rewarded or empowered for their actions. The school should not tolerate the slightest bit of disgraceful actions committed by students so that it becomes a deterrent effect for other students and parents are also required to be responsible for providing good ethical education in the family.

Composing Worlds: A Portuguese Transdisciplinary Network in Humanities, Health and Well-Being

The project “Composing worlds: humanities, health and well-being in the 21st century” aims to build a network of experts in the humanities, social and health sciences, who think about health and well-being in contemporary technological societies. The relevance of this project is based on the growing evidence that most of the problems that the 21st century will face, particularly in the area of health and well-being, relate to the way in which humans connect to the environment, to non-human beings, to different cultures and to technologies. Its main goal is to bring out personal and well-founded ideas on these issues and to reflect on how the humanities may help with difficult environmental, social and technological issues. The methodology used in the first phase of the project consists of an open answer interview, built in a participatory way by the network of experts, and of a thematic analysis of the answers. It is an exploratory research project, which uses thematic analysis to identify the key ideas of each author, and to induce the corresponding main themes. The themes are then organized by semantic correspondence into thematic clusters. The thematic axes are abstracted from these clusters, and they constitute the vectors to be developed in the second phase of the project, by proposing their integration into university curricula, research and intervention of social, cultural and community outreach. Some of these developments are already in place.

Effect of Requirements Analyst Experience on Elicitation Effectiveness: A Family of Quasi-Experiments

<italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Context.</i> In software engineering there is a widespread assumption that experience improves requirements analyst effectiveness, although empirical studies demonstrate the opposite. <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Aim.</i> Determine whether experience (interviews, eliciting, development, professional) influences requirements elicitation using interviews. <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Method.</i> We ran 12 quasi-experiments recruiting 124 subjects in which we measured analyst effectiveness as the number of items (i.e., concepts, rules, processes) correctly elicited. The experimental task was to elicit requirements using the open interview technique followed by the consolidation of the elicited information in domains with which the analysts were and were not familiar. <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Results.</i> In unfamiliar domains, interview experience, requirements experience, development experience, and professional experience does not have any relationship with analyst effectiveness. In familiar domains, effectiveness varies depending on the type of experience. Interview experience has a positive effect, whereas professional experience has a moderate negative effect. Requirements experience appears to have a moderately positive effect; however, the statistical power of the analysis is insufficient to be able to confirm this point. Development experience has no effect. <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Conclusion.</i> Experience impacts analyst effectiveness differently depending on the problem domain type (familiar, unfamiliar). Generally, experience does not account for all the observed variability in effectiveness, so there are other influential factors.

User-Centered Design-Based Approach in Scheduling Management Application Design and Development

The process of manually making and setting course schedules using Microsoft Excel is ineffective, time-consuming, and still prone to errors. This research develops a website-based scheduling management application with a case study at SMK Pariwisata Margarana so that it can solve scheduling problems manually. The UserCentered Design (UCD) method is applied in the application prototype design stage. Open interviews, field observations, simulations, and questionnaires were used as research data collection methods. Three iterations were carried out at the prototype design stage to fulfill all user needs. The high-fidelity prototype in the last iteration is then implemented into an application. Application quality is measured using ISO/IEC 25010 with five characteristics. The test results on usability characteristics show that the scheduling management application obtains an average usability score of 91.2%. The appropriateness recognizability sub-characteristic obtained the highest usability score of 93.53%. UCD can help produce an application that can meet all the user’s needs when implemented in the application design phase.

TEACHERS’ CODE MIXING AND CODE SWITCHING: INSIGHTS ON LANGUAGE BARRIERS IN EFL CLASSROOM

This research was conducted on Tenth Grade students at a vocational high school in Lamongan, this study aims to describe, explain the form of code mixing and code switching that occurs in learning, find out the factors and reasons teachers use code mixing and code switching in learning English in Tenth Grade . The method used in this study is descriptive qualitative using a sociolinguistic approach. Data collection techniques research results in the form of data collection obtained by means of observation and open interviews at the time of the study. The results showed that code-switching and code-mixing in learning English in one of the vocational high schools in Lamongan City found a form of code mixing and code switching that occurred in learning in Tenth Grade , in total only two types of code mixing were found. The factors causing code-switching include: the speech of the interlocutor, the third presence, the subject (topic), to evoke a sense of humor. Factors causing code mixing include: wanting to explain something, because of the situation, wanting to establish intimacy between teachers and students. The impacts of code switching and code mixing include: positive impacts, namely students are easier to understand the subject matter presented by the teacher, negative impacts of the Indonesian language order resulting from interference and integration, as well as code switching and code mixing. the use of Indonesian is not done properly and correctly so that in learning the situation becomes informal. This research is expected to provide knowledge and become a reference for further research with different references.

Servant Leadership Model: Studi Kasus pada Dinas Kependudukan Provinsi Jawa Timur

This study aims to analyze and describe the servant leadership model that is applied in the work environment of the East Java Provincial Population Service. A qualitative case study design was chosen for this study. The reason for considering case studies is that servant leadership is a single concept to be explored as a process. Three types of qualitative data collection were carried out: in-depth interviews, open interviews, direct observation, and written documents. Based on the results described above, it can be concluded that the servant leadership that is applied to East Java dispenduk refers to the concept of Spears (2004) which adheres to 10 principles of leadership namely, 1) community building, (2) persuasion and (3) stewardship, (4) ) listening, (5) empathy, (6) healing, (7) awareness, (8) commitment to the growth of people, (9) foresight and (10) conceptualization. Servant leadership illustrates the belief that organizational goals will be achieved in the long term only by first facilitating the growth, development, and general well-being of the individuals who make up the organization. Therefore, servant leadership is a leadership style that must be embraced by today's organizations to increase employee loyalty, commitment, and performance.

The use of non-medicinal plants by the community of Ayah Village in South Gombong Karst Area, Kebumen, Central Java, Indonesia

Abstract. Hanun Z, Athaya DN, Sholekha AM, Damayanti CE, Nazar IA, Cahyaningsih AP, Junaedi E, Buot JR IE Setyawan AD. 2023. The use of non-medicinal plants by the community of Ayah Village in South Gombong Karst Area, Kebumen, Central Java, Indonesia. Nusantara Bioscience 15: 68-78. In the homegardens of the people of Kebumen District, Central Java Province, Indonesia, especially in the karst area of Ayah Village, usually planted various plant species with many benefits. However, the knowledge of the people of Ayah Village, Kebumen, about the various benefits of plants is only known from generation to generation, passed on orally and in daily practice habits, so a study is needed to document this information. This study aimed to determine the knowledge of local communities and various types of non-medicinal plants used to fulfill people's daily lives. Data was collected through survey techniques and open interviews with a purposive sampling method with 40 respondents. An inventory of non-medicinal plants resulted in findings of 118 plant species from 59 families. The plants used consisted of 51 species of food plants, 40 species of ornamental plants, 19 species of spices, six species of animal feed, six species of firewood, five species of building materials, and two species of hedges. Some species have more than one use. Our study showed that most of the local community uses plants as food with more diverse plant species compared to other uses.

Identification of Psychological-Motivational, Humanistic-Educational, and Cultural Factors Affecting the Sports Performance of Tourist Cyclists

Background &amp; Aims: Productivity and profitability among cycling tourists are important. The aim of this study was to identify the psychological-motivational, humanistic-educational and cultural factors in the sports efficiency of tourist cyclists. Materials and Methods: This study was carried out as qualitative-quantitative research that included interviewing experts and designing a questionnaire. The questionnaire included psychological-motivational, human-educational, cultural, and welfare factors, which were prepared through interviews with 13 experts, and 278 subjects were examined using a random sampling method. Results: The results of open code interviews and questionnaires were as follows. These findings were managers’ expertise and experience in the field of sports tourism, focusing on training and increasing motivation of the organization’s educated employees, detecting and solving economic problems, increasing welfare and livelihood, and using the PLS software. The relationships between the categories and the identified variables were psychological-motivational, human-educational, cultural, and productive cycling tourism, and had a good fit. Conclusion: Psychological-motivational, human-educational and cultural factors had an effect on the sports efficiency of tourist cyclists and the model had a good fit. Therefore, based on the results, the tourism organization should have effective and accurate procedures in applying the present model to be productive and consider influential factors (both psychological-motivational, human-educational, and cultural) in their programs.

Educational Loss at Times of Crisis: The Role of Games in Students’ Learning in Palestine and Iraq

This study examines the role of educational games in compensating for educational loss and their impact on students’ motivation towards learning during crises in Palestine and Iraq. Additionally, the study considers the challenges facing the employment of this strategy and ways to overcome these challenges. By performing separate open semi-structured interviews with a group of 10 educators from university professors, teachers, and educational supervisors, the study used the qualitative descriptive approach which designs multiple case studies. The results showed the prominent role that educational games play in increasing students’ motivation towards learning and compensating for educational loss through what they add to the fun and suspense in the learning process and how they shorten time and effort and help students to engage and cooperate in acquiring knowledge, skills, and values. The results also reveal common challenges that face the employment of educational games. These challenges are social, economic, technological, challenges related to school environment, and psychological challenges. The study shows the possibility of overcoming these challenges by providing funding sources, preparing plans to employ educational games, and developing teachers’ capabilities to implement them in their teaching practices.

Coping with uncertainties: challenges for decision makers in healthcare

Purpose Health care organizations’ decision-making for the future relies on anticipating changes. Reliable predictions are becoming increasingly difficult, creating anxiety and requires long-term adaptive planning to cope with unforeseen circumstances. The purpose of this study is to gain insights into the awareness of uncertainties that decision makers in healthcare have, particularly when making long-term investments. Design/methodology/approach This is a qualitative study with an explorative purpose. The data were collected through semi-structured and open interviews with board members of long-term care organizations. Findings The study revealed that respondents are most uncertain about the future financing of their real estate system. Another concern revealed is about the shortage of care professionals combined with an increasing demand for future care. Despite most decision makers do recognize uncertainties during the decision-making process, decision makers hardly address the level of these uncertainties. Although this study did find that some decision makers are aware of deep uncertainties, in terms of “unknown unknowns,” they have no actual approaches for dealing with such situations. Originality/value Decision makers at healthcare organizations are uncertain as to their ability to anticipate technological, economic, social and political developments, as well as predict future healthcare system transformations. Some decision makers are aware of deep uncertainties, in terms of “unknown unknowns” and “unidentified unknowns,” but they lack an actual approach to deal with such situations. This study examines how strategies adapt to unforeseen developments or how to deal with deep uncertainties in healthcare as complex adaptive system.

Inteligencia artificial y nuevas formas de gobierno en la era digital

In the current moment marked by the imprint of the digital era and by the technological advances of the fourth industrial revolution, artificial intelligence (AI) has been developed in different human activities, such as: health, entertainment, security, telecommunications, art and government. In this sense, the objective of this article was to analyze the capabilities of AI in the new forms of digital government, among which the following stand out: smart cities, open government and democracy 2.0. Methodologically, this is a documentary research, based on some aspects of the Cartesian method. In addition, the technique of open interviews with two social scientists was used to know their opinion about the possible problems and benefits brought by the use of IA in government work. The information analyzed allows us to conclude that, in the near future, the use of AI in different government activities will be very common, in order to increase efficiency and effectiveness in public management and reduce traditional corruption practices. However, the problems that AI may have in technological and political terms for the true being of democracy are not ruled out.