Net Neutrality Research Articles

An IoT Based Coastal Weather and Air Quality Monitoring Using GSM Technology

One of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) declared by United Nation is Climate Action. Integrated climate change measurement is one of the point in this goal. The solution in this form is low cost and open source hardware to monitor weather and air quality real time. This study goals is developing Arduino platform to monitor wind speed, air temperature, air humidity, and smoke. All circuit board, electronic component specifications, and programming software are open source and freely available for anyone to use and modify. Inexpensive sensors and Arduino Uno were used to develop low cost system. This system send data to Thingspeak as Open Internet of Things (IoT) platform which provide real time data collection, data processing, and data visualization to users. This system provide a low cost solution (system cost around one million Rupiah) to monitor weather and air quality that easily deployed in the desired geographical area. The results are plotted in graphs to ease the users monitor data both locally and remotely. This system use Arduino Uno as main processor, Real Time Clock DS3231 to provide time information, anemometer to provide wind speed, DHT22 used as humidity and temperature sensor, MQ-2 used for smoke detection and CO level, and SIM900 as GSM shield for sending data to server. Results of measurements demonstrate the usefulness of this system in weather and air quality monitoring.

Net Neutrality and Canada's Telecommunications Act

The ongoing policy debate under the banner of engages fundamental questions regarding the form of governance that best protects the interests of Internet stakeholders and advances the development of the Internet itself. While incidents sparking net neutrality concerns in North America have been isolated, often misunderstood, and rarely repeated, the attention that they have attracted is indicative of the level of interest in this issue. There are a variety of legitimate concerns on all sides. While some are calling for new legislation or regulation of Internet access to address net neutrality concerns, this paper seeks to demonstrate that, unlike in the United States, Canada's existing Telecommunications Act provides the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC) the authority it needs to address any problems that may arise. I propose certain general public policy principles regarding residential wireline Internet access, followed by a set of specific interpretive principles using which the Telecommunications Act may usefully be applied to Canada's competitive Internet access marketplace.

Infrastructure and general purpose technologies: a technology flow framework

Studies of economic growth often refer to “general purpose technology” (GPT), “infrastructure,” and “openness” as keys to improving productivity. Some GPTs, like railroads and the Internet, fit common notions of infrastructure and spawn debates about openness, such as network neutrality. Other GPTs, like the steam engine and the computer, seem to be in a different group that is more modular and open by nature. Big data, artificial intelligence, and various emerging smart technological assemblages have been described both as GPTs and infrastructure. We present a technology flow framework that clarifies when a GPT is implemented through infrastructure, provides a basis for policy analysis, and defines empirical research questions. On the demand side, all GPTs—whether implemented through infrastructure or not—enable a wide variety of productive uses and generate substantial spillovers to the rest of the economy. On the supply side, infrastructure is different from many other implementations of GPTs; infrastructure is partially nonrival, which may complicate appropriation problems and raise congestion issues. It also exhibits tethering, meaning that different users must be physically or virtually connected for the infrastructure to function, and this makes control of its uses more feasible and more salient to policy.

Low-Cost Image and Video Processing Using High-Performance Middleware in Single-board Computers with Open Internet Standards

Low-Cost Image and Video Processing Using High-Performance Middleware in Single-board Computers with Open Internet Standards

El Internet en la era Trump: aproximación constitucional a una nueva realidad

En este trabajo se analiza, desde el derecho constitucional, el principio de neutralidad de Internet. Dicho principio es garantía de imparcialidad e igual trato en relación con los contenidos, el origen y acceso del tráfico en Internet y la interconectividad entre los distintos sistemas y tecnologías de la red. Se analizará también el impacto que las políticas y la forma de hacer política del presidente Donald Trump podría representar para la red por la revocación de la neutralidad de Internet por parte de la Federal Communications Commission (FCC, por sus siglas en inglés), así como por la expansión de la posverdad. El artículo comienza con una aproximación sobre cómo el derecho constitucional afronta hoy el reto tecnológico de Internet, para luego analizar la neutralidad en su doble dimensión sustantiva y formal (o tecnológica), y concluir con algunas consideraciones acerca de las transformaciones y riesgos que puede generar el nuevo giro de la administración de Trump en la democracia.

Análisis del contenido de las redes sociales: las peculiaridades y la problemática de la situación en Rusia

El artículo está dedicado al análisis de los problemas que surgen en el sistema de redes sociales en relación con la intensificación de la lucha de las autoridades judiciales encargadas de cumplir la ley de la Federación de Rusia con fenómenos que se designan en el campo legal como “extremismo”, “incitación al odio” e “insultar los sentimientos de los creyentes”. El objetivo del proyecto es analizar los problemas de regulación de las redes sociales y el contenido del autor en el contexto de la experiencia mundial y doméstica en la lucha por la “neutralidad de la red”. Se efectuó un análisis interdisciplinario. En el espacio moderno de los medios de comunicación rusos, el papel de un experto y una experiencia de los que depende la evaluación del contenido de las redes sociales cada vez gana más peso. El análisis realizado descrito en el artículo indica que los métodos tradicionales de examen de textos web necesitan una actualización sustancial. También se plantea la cuestión de la necesidad de describir claramente las calificaciones de un experto, regular la selección de expertos y los límites de sus actividades funcionales.

NET NEUTRALITY ANALYSIS AND MECHANISMS FOR ITS ASSESSMENT

Internet’s widespread use is mainly attributable to its best-effort concept, as well as being open to all users and services. The principle of net neutrality has been introduced, in essence, to safeguard this concept. Still, net neutrality faces contemporary challenges in the Western world by being continuously disputed or tested. In the United States related regulation has been reversed, while European stakeholders manage to balance and preserve net neutrality’s importance. In that direction, the Macedonian regulation has been mostly in-line with that of the European Union. Even so, challenges grow as Internet service providers find various ways to impose Internet traffic differentia- tion. QoS measurement tools for net neutrality assessment are therefore of great importance, but shortcomings exist. This paper gives the argument that passive measurement tools are more robust in detecting any differentiation. Finally, a proposed model for passively measuring the crucial metric – data throughput – may prove to become better deployable than existing tools, with the goal of general net neutrality assessment.

Impact of the Net Neutrality Repeal on Communication Networks

Network neutrality is the principle of treating equally all Internet traffic regardless of its source, destination, content, application or other related distinguishing metrics. Under net neutrality, Internet service providers (ISPs) are compelled to charge all content providers (CPs) the same per Gbps rate despite the growing profit achieved by CPs. In this paper, we study the impact of the repeal of net neutrality on communication networks by developing a techno-economic Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) model to maximize the potential profit ISPs can achieve by offering their services to CPs. We consider an ISP that offers CPs different classes of service representing typical video content qualities. The MILP model maximizes the ISP profit by optimizing the prices of the different classes according to the users' demand sensitivity to the change in price, referred to as Price Elasticity of Demand (PED). We analyze how PED impacts the profit in different CP delivery scenarios in cloud-fog architectures. The results show that the repeal of net neutrality can potentially increase ISPs profit by a factor of 8 with a pricing scheme that discriminates against data intensive content. Also, the repeal of net neutrality positively impacts the network energy efficiency by reducing the core network power consumption by 55% as a result of suppressing data intensive content compared to the net neutrality scenario.

Offering Zero-rated Content in the Shadow of Net Neutrality

In the recent Telenor case, the EU Court of Justice has for the first time interpreted the relationship between net neutrality regulation and zero-rating offers, considering net neutrality regulation incompatible with the offer of packages in which data traffic generated by certain applications does not count towards the consumption of the data volume purchased and whereby, once that data volume has been used up, end-users may continue to use those applications without restriction, while other applications are blocked or slowed. However, despite their incompatibility with the net neutrality principle of non-discrimination, zero-rating offers may provide benefits to consumers, fostering broadband consumption and promoting product differentiation, without necessarily leading to the exclusion of content providers. Therefore, a revision of the net neutrality regulation is needed in order to assess this practice in accordance with an ex post case-by-case investigation.

Standards, Regulations, and Net Neutrality in the Digital Economy

Standards, Regulations, and Net Neutrality in the Digital Economy

Symmetry and (Network) Neutrality

In this short Essay, I take the opportunity to highlight one further potential asymmetry that may yet emerge from the Supreme Court’s application of Chevron’s many doctrines. Drawing on then-Judge Kavanaugh’s disdissental from the D.C. Circuit’s decision affirming network neutrality rules, I suggest that there is at least one vote on the Supreme Court—and perhaps more—for an asymmetric approach to the major questions doctrine. Moreover, I demonstrate how asymmetry in this context is deeply irrational. As applied to network neutrality, the asymmetry has at least one of two effects. One, it might simply favor one large industry over another, subjecting one inter-sector wealth transfer to heightened scrutiny, while treating an analogous wealth transfer—in the opposite direction—deferentially. But the judiciary is not typically in the business of favoring one industrial sector over another. Two, it subjects consumer-protection devices to increased regulatory scrutiny, thereby shifting the costs and burdens of overcoming a regulatory default to those entities—consumers—who can likely least afford to bear them. Hence, in more general terms, Justice Kavanaugh’s unbalanced approach to the major questions doctrine tends to undermine many of the values— accountability and expertise, among others—that agency policymaking has long served.

Enhancing Misuse Cases With Risk Assessment for Safety Requirements

Risk-driven requirements elicitation represents an approach that allows assignment of appropriate countermeasure for the protection of the Information System (IS) depending on the risk level. Elicitation of safety requirements based on risk analysis is essential for those IS which will run on the open and dynamic Internet platform. Traditionally, misuse cases are used to find the weak points of an IS but cannot differentiate between the weak point that can lead to lenient hazard and/or serious hazard. In this paper, we present an enhanced misuse case approach to support IS safety risk assessment at the early stages of software process. We extensively examined and identified concepts which constitute a modelling technique for IS safety risk assessment and build a conceptual model for achieving IS safety risk assessment during the requirement analysis phase of software process. The risk assessment process follows an approach of consequential analysis based on misuse cases for safety hazard identification and qualitative risk measurement. The safety requirements are elicited according to the results of the risk assessment. A medical IS is used as a case study to validate the proposed model.

Role of Digital Divide in Optimal Zero-Rating Policy

Several Internet Service Providers (ISPs) and Content Providers (CPs) have proposed zero-rating plans whereby consumers get access to certain websites without paying for it. While consumer and open-access advocates have decried these plans, arguing that they are anti-competitive and violate the principles of net neutrality, ISPs and CPs have argued that such initiatives enable segments of the world population - especially those in developing economies - to finally join the rest of the world in accessing the Internet. Extant literature on the topic has contributed to this debate by analyzing the optimality of zero-rating policy as an extension of net neutrality. In contrast, our work looks at this issue in the presence of a digital divide. We analyze the ISP's and the CPs' decision-making as well as its subsequent impact on social welfare when a fraction of the population does not have access to the Internet. Thus, the study fills the research gap of analyzing the impact that context (Internet penetration, in particular) may have on different network management strategies, under zero-rating plans. Our research finds that zero-rating plans can enhance social welfare in many cases in the presence of a digital divide. However, Internet regulators need to be vigilant, since the ISPs may sometime deviate from a strategy that maximizes social welfare. The findings have implications for policymakers arguing for their nuanced role in regulating zero-rating policies, rather than indiscriminately allowing or disallowing the practice.

A Method to Access a Decimal Network (IPV9) Resource

Abstract Network security is highly valued by world leaders. The current Internet technology core is IPv4, IPv6, completely controlled by the United States. On December 14, 2017, the US Federal Communications Commission (FCC) formally abolished the net neutrality law. At that time, the Internet took on an obvious political color and posed a serious threat to Internet applications in various countries. China’s economy is already highly dependent on the Internet, and if the network is disrupted, the whole country will suffer heavy losses. The decimal Network Standard working Group of The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of China and The Decimal Network Information Technology Co., LTD of Shanghai have been researching on the future network for more than 20 years. Developed a complete set of decimal network framework system, completed the future network series research and development with China’s independent intellectual property rights, and built the second Internet network system besides the United States. The technology has been fully tested in many places and achieved good results, truly achieving the goal of “autonomy, safety, high speed and compatibility”. This paper will introduce the method of accessing decimal network resources in the current network environment.

Real-time monitoring of physical education classroom in colleges and universities based on open IoT and cloud computing

The teaching effect of college physical education classroom needs to be combined with artificial intelligence system. From the actual situation, the current college physical education classroom is mostly based on manual teaching and manual management, so the teaching effect is not good. In order to change the traditional teaching mode and improve the classroom detection effect, based on the open Internet of Things and cloud computing technology, this paper builds a real-time monitoring system of college physical education classroom, and proposes a number of new and improved algorithms, which provide a theoretical and technical basis for the application of automatic identity positioning in large scenes. Moreover, this study obtains field scenes through field image data collection and field data processing, and then combines the regional scenes with field measured data to verify accuracy and trends to obtain students’ morphological characteristics. In addition, this paper designs practical experiments to verify the system performance. The research results show that the intelligent system constructed in this paper has certain effects and can be applied to physical education.

Linguistic analysis in politically correct discourse (on the English language media content)

The problem of the research is the insufficient study of political correctness (PC) in the intercultural and linguistic aspects, as well as the urgent need to establish its status in the modern integrated culture. The relevance of the study is due to there is no unified approach to the analysis of the concept of PC in the political sphere. There is a special ideological cultural and behavioral linguistic tolerant tendency in the contrary to expressions subjected to public ostracism due to the fact that the speeches of public figures contain too many politically incorrect statements. Thus, the “listener” may have an internal protest against the use of PC vocabulary in everyday life, although its use is forced upon society by all types of media. The study is touch upon the analysis of the vast corpus of statements by US President D. Trump on Twitter, as well as other open Internet sources. The problem of studying PC was dealt with as Russian scientists, such as A.B. Ostroukh, M. Yu. Palazhchenko, Yu.L. Gumanova, S.G. - Ter Minasova, L.V. Tsurikova and others, as well as their foreign colleagues: Paul Berman, Deborah Cameron and others. The aim of research is to attempt to describe the PC category in terms of cultural, behavioral and linguistic perspectives. In accordance with the tasks set for the study the following methods were used: descriptive method, methods of distributive, component, quantitative and comparative analysis. The results could be used in educational and methodological activities as well as preparation of materials on cultural linguistics, lexicology, linguistic stylistics submissions, etc. The further research course plans to establish the relationship between the occasional euphemistic vocabulary.

Rural tourism and its geospatial organization in Poltava region

The article is devoted to the current problem of rural tourism development at the national and regional levels. The paper reviews publications dedicated to rural tourism, which proved that the study of the development and geospatial organization of rural tourism in Poltava region requires further research. It analyzes the domestic legal framework, which is the basis for the development of rural tourism, covers scientific approaches to the conceptual and terminological apparatus of rural tourism and systematizes objects of tourist interest. According to the results of the study, the interpretation of the concept of "rural tourism" in a narrow subject sense (a form of recreational and tourist non-professional entrepreneurship of rural residents in rural areas while preserving their natural and cultural identity with a demonstration of traditional rural lifestyle) and in a broad sense (any forms of leisure time for tourists and excursionists in rural areas, as areas outside the city, including meadow-forest areas and water areas) was cleared up. In order to single out rural tourism accommodation establishments, it was proposed to follow the Minimum International Quality Standards of the European Rural Tourism Federation EuroGites, adapted to the types of settlements accepted in Ukraine. On the example of Poltava region the variety of offers of types of rural tourism estates as per prevailing services was summarized. According to open Internet sources and official data of Poltava regional and district state administrations, a map Estates and Services of Rural Tourism in Poltava Region was built; based on its analysis 6 centers of rural tourism of the region (Opishnya, Dykanka, Novy-Sanzhary, Velyka Bagachka, Kremenchug, Berezova Rudka) and their tourist specialization were singled out. Reshetylivka district is named as the most promising, but not realized in the sphere of rural tourism. Potential trends of rural tourism in Poltava region were determined.

Геолокализованные фотографии в интернете как источник данных для географических исследований

The article presents an overview of geographical studies analyzing the spatial distribution of photographs points’ coordinates. These photos were uploaded by users on various open Internet resources: photo sharing, social networks, etc. Approaches to the classification of this kind of geographical research on the coverage of the territory, thematic focus, methodological principles are described. Naming of geotagged photos in the scientific literature are analyzed. Identified several thematic areas of research, where users’ geotagged photos are the study object. Their features are described. Examples of the researches conducted based on the photogeolocations’ analysis are given in different branches of geographical science: geography of tourism, behavioral geography, aesthetic geography, cultural geography, and others. The conclusions relate to the possibilities and features of the use of such data source as photographs’ geolocations in geographical research, as well as the prospects for such research for the Russian territories.

ТЕХНОЛОГИИ УПРАВЛЕНИЯ: ОТ ТЕОРИИ К ПРАКТИКЕ ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ В УЧРЕЖДЕНИЯХ ЗДРАВООХРАНЕНИЯ

Significance. Development and implementation of new medical and information technologies in healthcare, development of quality management system and digitalization are prioritized by the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation as of June 6, 2019 No.254 «On Strategy on healthcare development in the Russian Federation for the period until 2025». They are also mentioned in the list of key activities of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation in 2019-2024. Modern evidence-based management approaches are necessary to work in the mentioned fields, while the system development requires improvements including improvements in the management process based on best Russian and international practices in modern management in healthcare. Purpose. To assess the possibility of using modern management technologies to increase flexibility and efficiency of the medical organization. Material and methods. Analysis of domestic and foreign literature, normative legal documents for the period from 2015 to 2020 was carried out by means of theoretical analysis and synthesis using databases of the Russian Science Citation Index, Google Scholar, «Garant» reference system, open Internet sources and keywords search in Yandex search system. Results. Based on the analysis and guided by the functional principle, the authors have proposed a three-group classification of modern management technologies in healthcare allowing to structure the management process in a health care organization depending on the objectives. The groups include: 1) technologies that ensure development and implementation of organizational solutions; 2) technologies that ensure treatment and diagnostic process, quality and safety of health care; and 3) technologies for human resource management. Each group of technologies is represented by a set of organizational solutions, the characteristics of which are presented in this study. Conclusion. Application of flexible technologies is determined by the need to cope with changes in the business environment and to adapt the management system to new conditions. Due to objective restrictions related to the normative nature of the facility functioning and existing personnel limitations preventing development of the necessary managerial competencies of the staff, managers of health care organizations may not be able to properly attend to these issues. At the same time, the accumulated successful experience in implementing individual project management tools, the Agile method and other modern management technologies in the international practice suggest their possible replication to improve management processes in health care organizations in Russia. Scope of application. The study results can be used by healthcare managers, heads of health care organizations in developing and implementing managerial decisions, selecting modern tools and management technologies in order to achieve flexibility and efficiency of the institution's performance, as well as by regional authorities in public health in determining priorities for organizational development of health care organizations. Keywords: modern tools and methods of management in healthcare; project management; flexible management technologies.

К ВОПРОСУ ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ АКТУАЛЬНЫХ ТЕХНОЛОГИЙ ИНФОРМАЦИОННО-КОММУНИКАТИВНОГО ХАРАКТЕРА В ПРОЦЕССЕ ОБУЧЕНИЯ ИНОСТРАННЫМ ЯЗЫКАМ

Informatization is a leading factor in the development of the Institute of modern education, hence the attention of specialists to the problem of implementing this trend in foreign language teaching technologies. The purpose of the research is to consider modern information and communication technologies that allow improving the effectiveness of students ‘ linguistic competence in learning a foreign language. Various information platforms of teaching in the conditions of computer technologies development are considered. Language digitization is an actual social and cultural phenomenon that needs to be scaled through educational technologies of the XXI century, which will allow you to translate language content into digital data that speeds up the process of learning a foreign language and personalize it through an individual approach. Thus, the main characteristic of digitalization of the educational space for learning foreign languages is the tendency of conciseness, convenience, simplicity and mobility in the transfer of accumulated knowledge about the intercultural trajectory of the language paradigm to the student. This trend was the result of the third and fourth waves of scientific and technical changes (open Internet resources, access to rapid transfer of intellectual knowledge and technology). Digitalization of the educational environment creates conditions for the development of electronic mobile platforms in remote and online forms and forms an electronic educational environment that creates interaction between the teacher and the student in a completely new format.