Open Class Research Articles

Optimization of Gasification Learning in Vocational High Schools using Virtual Laboratories

A lack of energy-conscious behavior causes wasteful energy use in everyday life. Unfortunately, in Indonesia, energy-conscious behavior is not yet a requirement that must be included in the school curriculum. As a result, not many schools open energy-related classes and teach about energy in Indonesia, even though the Ministry of Education facilitated the establishment of Vocational High Schools (VHS) for energy and mining fields. The slow development of VHS in energy and mining is due to the high cost of procuring laboratory facilities and infrastructure for student practicums. In addition, the lack of supporting equipment in the laboratory causes the learning process in VHS to be theoretical, and the essential competency skills are not optimally fulfilled. This research developed practical energy tools to overcome these problems, especially renewable energy competencies from biomass to energy through gasification. The practicum aid developed is in the form of a Gasification Virtual Laboratory (GVL). This study uses a qualitative method with a case study approach. The case study was selected to develop GVL, which follows the phenomenon of VHS students’ learning abilities, especially for students in grade X. GVL development uses a 4-D model (Define, Design, Develop, and Disseminate). The study results show that GVL is feasible and effective in supporting renewable energy learning at VHS. The GVL development results will be discussed in depth in this paper.

Language Development of a Child from Rwandan Context between 16 and 24 Months: Syntactic Aspect

This study explored the language developed by Gavin, a child raised by Kinyarwanda speaking caregivers, focusing on syntactic aspect. Data collection tools employed in this study are direct observation, recording and diary to maintain the study subject utterances. The study revealed that Gavin’s syntactic structure was limited to one word use from 16 months until 24 months; two or three words between 19 and 24months, multi-words at the age of 24 months, using different parts of speech with emphasis on those belonging to open class like nouns, verbs, adverbs and adjectives. He was able to construct subject–verb structure but unable to produce subject-verb-object structure. The findings recommend further research in the area to see if other children can develop the same language as the study subject. Studies should be extended to children over two years until school age to ensure the proper mastery of the mother tongue before introducing other languages like French or English as medium of instruction in nursery and primary education.

Diplomasi Program Bipa (Bahasa Indonesia bagi Penutur Asing) melalui Kuliner Tradisional: Sebuah Studi Kasus di Universitas Ezzitouna, Tunisia

Indonesian for Speakers of Other Languages (BIPA) has a diplomacy purpose. A cultural diplomacy is one of the main purposes in BIPA Program. This study was aimed to describe an Indonesian language and cultural diplomatic process in Tunisia, introduction of Indonesian for Speakers of Other Languages to the student by culinary, and introduction of Lumpia, Pukis, and Risoles to promote BIPA class in University of Ezzitouna, Tunisia. The data were collected via study case method. A researcher took a part in the even to collect and analyze the research data. A diplomatic mission to introduce language and culture of Indonesia could be showed by culinary. The culinary such as Lumpia, Pukis, and Risoles were popular in Indonesia. They also had a similar taste with Tunisian culinary. This way became one of the BIPA’s support to promote an Indonesian culture. A student in University of Ezzitouna interested to join BIPA class after trying to taste the culinary. Therefore, culinary had a good implication to support diplomatic mission to open BIPA class in the University of Ezzitouna, Tunisia.

PEMBELAJARAN MATEMATIKA DALAM PENERAPAN SPLDV SOAL CERITA PADA PESERTA DIDIK KELAS X SMK MUHAMMADIYAH REMBANG

The Covid-19 pandemic situation has begun to decrease and the process of returning to normal situations has begun, although it cannot be in normal conditions as before, so that learning activities can be carried out face-to-face, and learning activities in schools will also be more effective. The purpose of this study was to determine the results of mathematics learning about the application of SPLDV in story problems to students of class X SMK Muhammadiyah Rembang. Data obtained from open class activities using face-to-face learning. The subjects to be studied are students of class X SMK Muhammadiyah Rembang. Data analysis was collected using Miles & Huberman's interactive analytical technique. The results obtained from the research are (1) Students can understand and observe story problems in daily life which are the application of SPLDV, (2) Students can change story questions into mathematical models and determine variable values or determine the completion of a story problems in SPLDV, (3) Students can understand the concept of story questions in the application of SPLDV so that learning objectives can be achieved, (4) With face- to-face learning, students appear to be more active in group discussions. (5) The presence of students is maximized by face-to-face learning. The application of the two-variable linear equation system (SPLDV) is very much in everyday life, with the application of the SPLDV the ability of students to think and understand a problem from story problems will be more developed.

DAMPAK PEMBELAJARAN DARING TERHADAP DISIPLIN GURU KELAS PADA SEKOLAH DASAR

This article aims to find out whether online learning has an impact on teacher discipline. At this time, we were shocked by the Covid 19 virus which required children to do online learning, this had an impact on teacher discipline. The aim of the researchers is to find out the impact of online learning on teacher discipline. The method used in this research is a qualitative approach through interviews with 10 parents of students. Informants were asked through interviews regarding the impact of online learning on teacher discipline. The results of the analysis show that in general teacher discipline is very low because it was found that teachers did not open classes online or offline, teachers did not sign attendance lists, teachers were not present at school on time, teachers did not leave class on time, teachers were also found to leave school without permission from the principal. Learning does not materialize at this school because students do not yet have facilities for online learning, the existing internet is inadequate.

The Design and Delivery of an Astrobiology Massive Open Online Class.

MOOCs, or massive open online classes have reached hundreds of millions of people around the world in the past decade with a model of free open access learning. They are an excellent vehicle for delivering science to lifelong learners. Building on experience in designing astronomy MOOCs for Udemy and Coursera, we have created an astrobiology MOOC for Coursera called "Astrobiology: Exploring Other Worlds" that launched in April 2019. As of early 2022, about 9000 people have started the course, and nearly 10% of those have completed it. The average user rating is 4.9 out of 5. The core content is 10 h of video lectures, divided into six modules, which cover the possibilities of life in the Solar System, the search for exoplanets, the concept of habitability, the definition of life and basics of biology, evolution of life on Earth, and the search for extraterrestrial intelligence. Pedagogy was designed around clear learning objectives and includes quizzes, writing assignments, and a final project that draws on all the concepts presented in the course where students design their own mission to characterize exoplanets. In this study, we describe the design, implementation, and subsequent success of our 2019 astrobiology MOOC.

An Interview Study with English Course Teachers On Teaching Writing Skills Through Google Meets During The Covid-19 Pandemic

During the COVID-19 pandemic, this study sought to investigate teachers' ability to integrate writing skills with online learning via Google Meetings. This was qualitative research with semi-structured interviews with a teacher at Zain Academy. Respondents were taken purposefully, namely teachers at Zain Academy who taught writing with Google Meet during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study will explicitly investigate (a) the availability of access to technology at the teacher's home and (b) the difficulties in teaching writing skills online through Google Meeting. The provisional finding of this study was that the availability of access to technology is very limited, and because of the instability of internet access, there are difficulties in maximizing online learning, especially in learning writing skills, because students are unable to open online classes due to frequent power outages or parallel WiFi interference, as well as the capacity and speed of internet access, which are not sufficient. The results of the interview informed the availability of access to technology and the difficulties in teaching writing skills online through Google Meetings during the COVID-19 pandemic. Based on the results of this research, it is hoped that it will provide insight into the impact of forced changes in teaching, which can have implications for teacher competence in terms of digitization, especially in teaching writing skills, which are very important skills for those who want to master written language in English properly and correctly.

Galaxy Morphology Classification with DenseNet

Galaxy classification is crucial in astronomy, as galaxy types reveal information on how the galaxy was formed and evolved. While manually conducting the classification task requires extensive background knowledge and is time-consuming, deep learning algorithms provide a time-efficient and expedient way of accomplishing this task. Hence, this paper utilizes transfer learning from pre-trained CNN models and compares their performances on the Galaxy10 DECals Dataset. This paper applies opening operation, data augmentation, class weights, and learning rate decay to further improve the models’ performance. In our experiments, DenseNet121 outperforms the other models and achieved approximately 89% test-set accuracy within 30 minutes. The second best-performing model, EfficientNetV2S, takes double the time achieving 2.43% lower test set accuracy.

ПРОТОКОЛ ОБГОВОРЕННЯ ВІДКРИТИХ УРОКІВ ВОЛОДИМИРА ГОШОВСЬКОГО

Lviv archives contain a lot of valuable materials that shed light on the history of the development of musical-folkloristic studies in Halychyna. One of such documents is the Protocol of one of the meetings of the Musicology Department of the Lviv Con- servatory dated January 18, 1966 (hereinafter referred to as the Protocol) below. It is interesting because it contains a transcript of a detailed discussion of two open lessons by Volodymyr Hoshovsky on the subject “Folk music”. This large document, covering 9 full pages of typescript, for a long time remained the main source of information about the pedagogical activity of the scientist in 1961– 1969. This branch of V. Hoshovsky’s activity is quite well covered in ethnomusico- logical literature, especially thanks to the recent publication of the student lecture notes of course by V. Hoshovsky from “Folk music”. However, the appearance of this source does not detract from the information value of the Protocol. Although it dis- cusses the details of only two lessons, this document simultaneously demonstrates not only the “what”, but also the “how” V. Hoshovsky taught, how the students perceived the material, and, importantly, how his colleagues present in open classes evaluated the work of the scientist. It is through their flattering or critical statements that one can see the picture of the contemporary state of ethnomusical science and pedagogy, as well as the difficult socio-political context in which V. Hoshovsky had to work. The protocol contains many interesting and diverse details related to both the material delivered at the lectures and the urgent problems of teaching folk music dis- ciplines of that time, such as: insufficient hours, lack of a textbook, etc. In general, this archival source has not only significant scientific and methodological value for a wide range of ethnomusicologists – theorists and historians of musical folkloristics, but also is of considerable interest as a realistic document of its era. The document is submitted in full, preserving all linguistic and stylistic features and punctuation of the original with minor editorial appendices in the latches. On the right is the page number of the manuscript. Keywords: Volodymyr Hoshovskyy, Stanislav Liudkevych, teaching folk music disciplines, Lviv Conservatory.

ПРОТОКОЛ ОБГОВОРЕННЯ ВІДКРИТИХ УРОКІВ ВОЛОДИМИРА ГОШОВСЬКОГО

Lviv archives contain a lot of valuable materials that shed light on the history of the development of musical-folkloristic studies in Halychyna. One of such documents is the Protocol of one of the meetings of the Musicology Department of the Lviv Con- servatory dated January 18, 1966 (hereinafter referred to as the Protocol) below. It is interesting because it contains a transcript of a detailed discussion of two open lessons by Volodymyr Hoshovsky on the subject “Folk music”. This large document, covering 9 full pages of typescript, for a long time remained the main source of information about the pedagogical activity of the scientist in 1961– 1969. This branch of V. Hoshovsky’s activity is quite well covered in ethnomusico- logical literature, especially thanks to the recent publication of the student lecture notes of course by V. Hoshovsky from “Folk music”. However, the appearance of this source does not detract from the information value of the Protocol. Although it dis- cusses the details of only two lessons, this document simultaneously demonstrates not only the “what”, but also the “how” V. Hoshovsky taught, how the students perceived the material, and, importantly, how his colleagues present in open classes evaluated the work of the scientist. It is through their flattering or critical statements that one can see the picture of the contemporary state of ethnomusical science and pedagogy, as well as the difficult socio-political context in which V. Hoshovsky had to work. The protocol contains many interesting and diverse details related to both the material delivered at the lectures and the urgent problems of teaching folk music dis- ciplines of that time, such as: insufficient hours, lack of a textbook, etc. In general, this archival source has not only significant scientific and methodological value for a wide range of ethnomusicologists – theorists and historians of musical folkloristics, but also is of considerable interest as a realistic document of its era. The document is submitted in full, preserving all linguistic and stylistic features and punctuation of the original with minor editorial appendices in the latches. On the right is the page number of the manuscript. Keywords: Volodymyr Hoshovskyy, Stanislav Liudkevych, teaching folk music disciplines, Lviv Conservatory.

Moving Towards Model Based Approval – The Open Class 3D Exchange (OCX) Standard

Shipyards and classification societies must modify the traditional design documentation and review process and enable a direct 3D digital classification process to improve the exchange of information between the different stakeholders and ultimately accelerate the classification process. The Open Class 3D Exchange (OCX) standard represents a step-change in this context. The OCX is a vessel-specific standard addressing the information needs of the classification society and is a key enabler to replace traditional 2D class drawings with a 3D model. The successful and seamless exchange of the design models exported from 4 independent 3D CAD systems to the classification society’s rule calculation tool has been demonstrated. The application of the OCX models for the prescriptive rule calculations demonstrates that the OCX model can carry all the information required by the classification society’s Rules for this purpose. The possibility to also display the detailed features of the design model in a neutral web-based viewer provides the necessary capability for full visual verification of the design models.

Systematic Review of Quality in Class Diagrams for Software Engineering Competencies

Class diagrams may be used as learning resources for the generation of software engineers’ competencies. However, when they are open learning resources, they could lack information about the quality they contain. It may represent a drawback in the generation of the competencies since defects included in them can hinder the learning objective that generates the competencies. This work reviews 109 open class diagrams to identify the most common defects; it also analyzes some related work to identify what are the quality attributes that must exist in class diagrams and the metrics used to evaluate them. The review of the class diagrams is performed based on the attributes and values proposed in the related works. As a result, 15 defects and their frequency in Class Diagrams were identified. In addition, four Class Diagram cases are presented and explained according to the evaluation of the quality attributes.

Implementasi Teacher Professional Development dengan Penerapan Lesson Study di Sekolah Muhammadiyah

Several teachers in SMP, SMA, and SMK Muhammadiyah in Central Java have not implemented Lesson Study for Teacher Professional Development, especially in SMP Muhammadiyah 1 Cilacap, SMK Muhammadiyah Bumiayu, SMK Muhammadiyah Boja, SMK Muhammadiyah Pekalongan, and SMA Muhammadiyah Wonosobo. The implementation has two objectives, such as to analyze and assess teacher professional development via lesson study in six Muhammadiyah schools. This implementation employed descriptive quantitative and lesson study methodologies to examine the process of implementing lesson study through training models, brainstorming, and group discussions and to measure the improvement of instructors’ viewpoints before and after professional development. The performance results show that teachers actively discussed and collaborated to improve the learning process, from lesson design to open class. The teacher’s perspective questionnaire in their professional development fell into the excellent category, with an average category level above three as the results increased compared to the pre-result before implementation, category level two. All in all, teachers should be more innovative and imaginative to improve their professionalism.

GEOREFERENCING IN IFC: MEETING THE REQUIREMENTS OF INFRASTRUCTURE AND BUILDING INDUSTRIES

Abstract. The problem of georeferencing building information modelling (BIM) models is complex and in need of a comprehensive solution. We focus on the open BIM data format Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) and its georeferencing implementation. The requirements voiced by the domain experts during recent years have been collected and analysed. While IFC already covers some of the concepts, we propose an extension to the IFC schema to handle the inadequacy. Our proposal composes of two new entities: one supports geographic coordinate reference systems (CRSs) and the other enables a rigid transformation of BIM geometries. We showcase the possibilities with three examples, one for each of the required scenarios. The improvements assure much-needed semantically clear definitions of the georeferencing concept within the IFC data model. As such, the interpretation of IFC data content is unambiguous for stakeholders and software implementers.

DUALIST POPULAR CONSTITUTIONALISM A Reply to Michelman

DUALIST POPULAR CONSTITUTIONALISM A Reply to Michelman

Reverse Back the Car: Reduplication as Language Variation in Nigerian English Usage

This paper investigates the use of reduplicated English elements as aspects of Nigerian English usage in the speech events among participants in Calabar, a multilingual city in Southern Nigeria. The study adopts Variationist Sociolinguistics and Sociopragmatic Competence as the theoretical foundations because both account for the occurrence of variation and semantic change resulting from interference from L1 and other factors. The data for the study were generated through a two-year field investigation by means of participant observation and audiotape recording of interactions among participants who are bi/multilingual in English and one or more Nigerian indigenous languages. The active sites where the data were extracted include interactions among participants in the University environment, markets, churches and other social gatherings, and discussants on television and radio programmes. The findings indicate that the use of reduplicated elements cut across ages, gender, social status, and the diverse ethnolinguistic and educational backgrounds of Nigerians. These features of Nigerian English occur as lexical reduplication which combines identical elements in the open class system and the semantic reduplication that denotes redundancy and other contrastive forms. The features generate new semantic forms that perform several sociopragmatic functions within the Nigerian sociocultural context indicative of variant of new Englishes as outcome of English contact with indigenous languages.

다층선형모형을 활용한 교사효능감 영향요인 분석

Objectives The purpose of this study was to analyze the level of teachers and schools for teacher efficacy using the muti-level analysis method. Methods In this study, elementary school data from the Korea Educational Development Institute's ‘School Education Status and Level Analysis Study 2014’ were used. A two-stage multi-level analysis was conducted on 250 school questionnaires and 6,060 teacher questionnaires in the data. Results First, In teacher background factors, it was found that position, homeroom teacher status, gender, educational background, and career had a positive effect on teacher efficacy. Second, In school background factors, it was found that the ratio of the budget for basic educational activities had a positive effect on teacher efficacy. Third, In teacher process factors, it was found that the degree of reflection of school education goals, the degree of participation in internal and external learning group of education, and spending time in class for teaching, the number of open classes, and preparing time for teaching had a positive effect on teacher efficiency. Fourth, in the school process factors, positive perceptions of fellow teachers, the degree of meetings for educational activities, the degree of cooperation with fellow teachers, and the degree of professional conversation with colleagues had a positive effect on teacher efficiency. However, it was found that the principal's interest in teacher participation had a negative effect. Conclusions These research results can provide implications for what efforts schools should make to improve teacher efficacy. Various efforts in schools will contribute to the improvement of teaching and changes in schools.

Universal selection of pulled fronts

We establish selection of critical pulled fronts in invasion processes as predicted by the marginal stability conjecture. Our result shows convergence to a pulled front with a logarithmic shift for open sets of steep initial data, including one-sided compactly supported initial conditions. We rely on robust, conceptual assumptions, namely existence and marginal spectral stability of a front traveling at the linear spreading speed and demonstrate that the assumptions hold for open classes of spatially extended systems. Previous results relied on comparison principles or probabilistic tools with implied nonopen conditions on initial data and structure of the equation. Technically, we describe the invasion process through the interaction of a Gaussian leading edge with the pulled front in the wake. Key ingredients are sharp linear decay estimates to control errors in the nonlinear matching and corrections from initial data.

TEMPO-mediated oxidation as surface modification for cellulosic ultrafiltration membranes: Enhancement of ion rejection and permeability

In membrane technology, rejection of dissolved salts often requires the use of nanofiltration or reverse osmosis membranes due to their sufficiently dense structure and favourable charge effects. In this work, the concept of charge-based salt rejection is extended to the more open ultrafiltration class. Surface charge of a commercial regenerated cellulose acetate ultrafiltration membrane is enhanced with TEMPO-mediated oxidation. With the modification, a membrane whose properties lie between the traditional nanofiltration and ultrafiltration classes is obtained. Moreover, a purely charge-based salt rejection mechanism is introduced to an ultrafiltration membrane.Increasing hypochlorite exposures are found to induce successively increasing surface carboxylate densities, negative zeta potentials, permeabilities and molecular weight cut-off values. In the low exposure region, the treatment mostly affects surface charge, whereas high exposures begin to open the membrane pores. Ultimately, the pH 7 zeta potential is increased from −30 up to −100 mV, and 500 ppm Na2SO4 rejections increase from an initial 4% to 36%. At the same time, pure water permeability is doubled, and cut-off value increased from 2.8 to 8.0 kDa. The reactions causing the change in membrane performance seem to take place almost exclusively on the membrane surface, while the bulk material appears unchanged.

Fulfillment Matter of Education Rights of Children in Conflict With the Criminal Law

This study aims to determine the forms of the fulfillment of education rights for children in conflict with the criminal law in Indonesia through the "Independent School" program and the factors hindering its practice. It was field research in the form of a case study with data collection techniques: observation and interviews. The research findings reveal that the fulfillment of the right to education for children conflicts with the criminal law (ABH) already carried out but not optimally as regulated in Permen PPPA No. 15 of 2010. This can be seen from the efforts of the staff at LPKA to open non-formal classes even though they do not have adequate classrooms and facilities and the unavailability of professional teaching staff. The inhibiting factor is the absence of human resources in the form of professional teaching staff and limited facilities and infrastructure. As a result, the implementation of education did not work well because the teaching staff did not have an official educational background, and teaching activities were only performed as additional duties as staff at LPKA. The study results show that the LPKA staff's role is vast in providing education to ABH regularly to fulfill education rights. The implications are expected to become input for the LPKA Class II Maros policy to provide management and learning techniques to staff and input for the central government to recruit teaching staff and social workers as well as the provision of facilities and infrastructure.