Open Catalogue Research Articles

Towards an Interoperable Ecosystem of Research Cohort and Real-world Data Catalogues Enabling Multi-center Studies.

Existing individual-level human data cover large populations on many dimensions such as lifestyle, demography, laboratory measures, clinical parameters, etc. Recent years have seen large investments in data catalogues to FAIRify data descriptions to capitalise on this great promise, i.e. make catalogue contents more Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Reusable. However, their valuable diversity also created heterogeneity, which poses challenges to optimally exploit their richness. In this opinion review, we analyse catalogues for human subject research ranging from cohort studies to surveillance, administrative and healthcare records. We observe that while these catalogues are heterogeneous, have various scopes, and use different terminologies, still the underlying concepts seem potentially harmonizable. We propose a unified framework to enable catalogue data sharing, with catalogues of multi-center cohorts nested as a special case in catalogues of real-world data sources. Moreover, we list recommendations to create an integrated community of metadata catalogues and an open catalogue ecosystem to sustain these efforts and maximise impact. We propose to embrace the autonomy of motivated catalogue teams and invest in their collaboration via minimal standardisation efforts such as clear data licensing, persistent identifiers for linking same records between catalogues, minimal metadata 'common data elements' using shared ontologies, symmetric architectures for data sharing (push/pull) with clear provenance tracks to process updates and acknowledge original contributors. And most importantly, we encourage the creation of environments for collaboration and resource sharing between catalogue developers, building on international networks such as OpenAIRE and research data alliance, as well as domain specific ESFRIs such as BBMRI and ELIXIR.

GROUNDS (CRITERIA) OF DISCRIMINATION IN THE LIGHT OF THE AMENDMENT TO THE LABOUR CODE OF 16 MAY 2019 IN THE CONTEXT OF INTERNATIONAL AND EU LAW

On 7 September 2019, another amendment to the Labour Code entered into force, which introduced, among other things, an open catalogue of the grounds (criteria) of discrimination. De lege lata enumeration of the grounds of discrimination in the Labour Code is illustrative regardless of whether such criteria pertain to personal characteristics of an employee, an employee’s life choices unrelated to their job, job performed by an employee or a legal status of an employer, etc. It means that any unequal treatment of employees not justified by objective reasons is now regarded as discrimination in employment. However, the new grounds (criteria) of discrimination should be actual, specific and socially relevant. Employees’ claims in this respect should be based on a legitimate (well-balanced and objective) reason and make it objectively plausible. As a consequence, employees will be able to claim compensation under Article 183d of the Labour Code from the employer on various grounds of discrimination, and not only those referred to and specified in the Labour Code.

Problematyka imperium Państwowej Inspekcji Pracy na przykładzie wystąpienia inspektora pracy

The labour inspector’s statement constitutes a non-statutory form of enforcing labour rights. In this context, we can see a variety of problems related both to the impact of the legal measure itself, appealing against it, as well as to the role it plays in ensuring compliance with employment rights. The jurisprudence and literature to date indicates explicitly that the employer’s failure to comply with the content of the labour inspector’s speech does not give rise to any negative legal consequences. Nevertheless, employers who do not agree with the solutions recommended by the authority through the labour inspector’s speech perceive this specific measure as a special type of decision. The decision itself, in turn, seems to be a natural manifestation of the state, the authority indicating to the subject of law the individual directions of its behaviour. However, this is, in fact, a different act. The article doubts the implementation of the model of labour supervision and control assumed by the legislator in the light of the measure outlined in the labour inspector’s speech. As a result, allowing this measure to be left to the inspector’s discretionary use may lead to the reinforcement of the feeling of a lack of efficiency on the part of the state bodies in the field of protection of workers’ rights, especially that the cases of its use are an open catalogue, which includes issues such as working time or the employment of young people. In order to better understand these trends, two examples are discussed where the National Labour Inspectorate had an impact on situations of a gross violation of labour law standards. A de lege ferenda direction has also been indicated, which means the creation of the institution of “re-inspection” of the employer. The existence of a non-authoritative “recommendation”, which is a statement by the labour inspector, is in fact a manifestation of the implementation of Article 17, paragraph 2 of the ILO Convention No. 81, which would not be incompatible with the consequence in the form of addressing a statement.

Site, Type, Drawing: Three Keys to Creative Bridge Design

The article proposes three essential elements in the bridge design process: site, type and drawing. The site defines the problem. The type relates to structural history. The study of alternatives constantly turns to the open catalogue of types for support. Drawing is the conceptual synthesis that builds on the two previous elements. Bridge design entails drawing as much as analysis and sometimes it is even more about geometry than about engineering. To design is to draw. A discussion of the proposed key design components is followed by a description of several bridges and footbridges designed by the authors: a competition proposal in the United Kingdom, two competition-winning footbridges—over the Drava river in Maribor, Slovenia, and over the Miño river between Spain and Portugal—and two urban bridges built in Riyadh. The presentation of the projects is structured according to the three essential elements proposed (site, type and drawing) and highlights the main characteristics of each project and the key aspects of their design processes. In conclusion, the article proposes several actions to be considered as open instructions or recommendations for bridge design with the aim of being both a design method and a manifesto to encourage creative structural engineering.

Abstract LB017: PDX Finder: An open and global catalogue of patient-derived xenograft models

Abstract Patient-derived tumor xenograft (PDX) models are a critical oncology platform for cancer research, drug development and personalized medicine. Because of the heterogeneous nature of PDXs repositories, finding models of interest is a challenge. The Jackson Laboratory and EMBL-EBI are developing PDX Finder, the world's largest open PDX database containing millions of phenomic information from over 4300 models (www.pdxfinder.org, PMID: 30535239). In support of this initiative, we developed the PDX Minimal Information standard (PDX-MI) which defines metadata necessary to describe models (PMID: 29092942). Within PDX Finder, critical attributes like diagnosis, drug names or genes are harmonized into a cohesive ontological data model based on PDX-MI. An intuitive search and faceted search interface allow users to select models based on clinical/PDX attributes, tumor markers, dataset availability and/or drug dosing results. We provide PDX, patient, drug and molecular data detail pages where all available information can be browsed and downloaded. To further facilitate user's model selection, we are linking key external resources like publication platforms and cancer-specific annotation tools enabling exploration and prioritization of PDX variation data (COSMIC, CIViC, OncoMx, OpenCRAVAT). Links to originating resource protocols and contact information are provided, facilitating data understanding and further collaboration. Alongside database development activities, PDX Finder has undertaken activities to tackle areas of standards and tool development, data integration and outreach. PDX Finder provides key expertise and software components to support several worldwide consortia including PDXNet, PDMR and EurOPDX. We are driving the development of, and promoting the use of descriptive standards to facilitate data interoperability and promote global sharing of models. Our standard has become established in the community for data exchange, adopted by PDX providers, consortia, and informatics tools integrating PDX data. It has been re-used by different initiatives in the context of data collection and data modeling allowing adherence to the FAIR data principles - Findability, Accessibility, Interoperability and Reusability. PDX Finder is increasing awareness of PDX models, facilitating data integration, and enabling international collaboration, maximizing the investment in, and translational capabilities of these important models of human cancer. PDX Finder is freely available under an Apache 2 license (github.com/pdxfinder). Work supported by NCI U24 CA204781 01 (ended 31Aug2020), U24 CA253539, and R01 CA089713. Citation Format: Zinaida Perova, Csaba Halmagyi, Abayomi Mosaku, Nathalie Conte, Jeremy Mason, Alex Follette, Ross Thorne, Mauricio Martinez, Steven Neuhauser, Dale Begley, Debra Krupke, Helen Parkinson, Terrence Meehan, Carol Bult. PDX Finder: An open and global catalogue of patient-derived xenograft models [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2021; 2021 Apr 10-15 and May 17-21. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(13_Suppl):Abstract nr LB017.

Protection of Personal Rights in Poland on the Basis of the Judgment of the Polish Supreme Court – The Tiger Case

Abstract The protection of personal rights in Poland is currently one of the fastest developing areas of law. Each year it is noted that the number of cases in this area is growing, mostly because people are looking to protect their rights, such as freedom, name, pseudonym, image, health or another right on the basis of the Polish Civil Code. It allows them to receive financial compensation where their, mostly, immaterial rights were infringed or when they feel injured. This is also why the open catalogue of the values protected by personal rights is increasing rapidly, and now one can observe that such values as national identity, a sense of belonging to a gender or dignity are protected by these rights. The subject matter of this article is an opinion on the Polish Supreme Court case where the Court decided that the nickname ‘Tiger’ used by a Polish boxer cannot be protected as a personal right on the bases of the Civil Code. This article presents basic information about protecting personal rights in Polish law and sets out the author’s opinion on this case.**

Ocena stopnia społecznej szkodliwości deliktu zawodowego w postępowaniu w przedmiocie odpowiedzialności zawodowej w zawodach medycznych.

The article concentrates on issues of the disciplinary proceedings in Medical Profession. The paper touches upon evaluation of social harm of a disciplinary offence. The findings presented herein are based on appropriate use of Penal Code and Code of Criminal Procedure regulations in dealing with cases of disciplinary liability. It is discussed what acts are subject to disciplinary (professional) liability. The question here is the character of such an act. It is established that the legislator provided an open catalogue of offences of this type. The article gives a short summary of the issue of the a minor disciplinary breach and disciplinary offence whose social consequences is insignificant for the purpose of adjudicating disciplinary (professional) cases. The author concludes that the interpretation of the concept of “a minor disciplinary breach” should derive from the concept of “a less serious crime” and include components of the term “social harmfulness of an act”. Particular focus is given to harm grading as well as to criteria that should be considered to grade. Based on the entire analysis the conclusions de lege ferenda are formulated.

Wina w organizacji jako przesłanka odpowiedzialności podmiotu zbiorowego w świetle projektowanej ustawy o odpowiedzialności podmiotów zbiorowych

Projektowana ustawa o odpowiedzialności podmiotów zbiorowych wprowadza do polskiego porządku prawnego stosunkowo nową podstawę odpowiedzialności, jaką jest wina w organizacji. W porównaniu z obecnie obowiązującą ustawą, zmieniają się przesłanki uznania organizacji przedsiębiorstwa za nieprawidłową, jak również prowadzanejest novum w postaci otwartego katalogu przykładowych nieprawidłowości, który potęguje wątpliwości interpretacyjne związane z rozumieniem pojęcia winy w organizacji. Do celu wykładni pojęcia nieprawidłowości w organizacji przydatne może być porównaniesposobu organizacji podmiotu zbiorowego ze swoistym modelem „należytej” dla danego podmiotu zbiorowego organizacji, z uwzględnieniem jego rozmiaru i przedmiotu działalności, podobnie jak ma to miejsce w przypadku wykładni pojęcia należytej staranności. Tworzenie takiego modelu może być jednak kłopotliwe, ponieważ w pierwszej kolejności wymaga określenia optymalnej (z punktu widzenia zapobiegania naruszeniom przepisów prawa) struktury organizacyjnej podmiotu zbiorowego, a następnie oceny związku między sposobem organizacji podmiotu zbiorowego a możliwością lub łatwością popełnieniaczynu zabronionego.

TOWARDS ESTABLISHING AN OPEN CATALOGUE FOR GEOSPATIAL EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES

Abstract. Existing geospatial educational resources are not always easy to find and to integrate into an academic module, amongst others, because the required metadata is not available. As a consequence, simple search attempts do not bring us to these resources, and we miss out on some material that may be very useful in teaching and learning. Our aim is to develop a searchable catalogue of existing geospatial educational resources that can be used by communities, such as ISPRS or GeoForAll, universities and other educational institutions. The catalogue will index new and existing geospatial educational resources (e.g. electronic textbooks, tutorials, and quizzes) so that the resources can be searched and discovered. Based on the metadata, educators can select appropriate educational resources for integration into an educational event, such as an online course or a module at university level. We believe such an open catalogue of searchable geospatial educational resources is valuable for educators worldwide and will provide students with the opportunity to learn using local and international examples to widen their knowledge. In addition, this future catalogue should broaden overall access to geospatial education and empower communities for the benefit of society. In this paper, we discuss requirements of preparing such a catalogue and some preliminary efforts we have made towards implementing one, including review of 114 existing systems and resources.

Abstract 3281: PDX Finder: An open and global catalogue of patient tumor-derived xenograft models

Abstract Patient-derived tumor xenograft (PDX) mouse models have emerged as an important oncology research platform to study tumor evolution, drug response and for tailoring chemotherapeutic approaches to individual patients. PDX models are produced and made available in repositories managed by small academic labs, large research consortia and contract research organizations. Because of the distributed and heterogeneous nature of PDX repositories, finding relevant models of interest to investigators is a challenge. To address this issue, The Jackson Laboratory and EMBL-EBI have co-developed the PDX Finder, a comprehensive open global catalogue of PDX models and their associated data across resources. In support this initiative, we coordinated the community initiative to develop the PDX models Minimal Information standard (PDX-MI) that defines the minimal information necessary for describing key elements of a PDX model including the clinical attributes of a patient's tumor, methods of implantation, host strain, and quality assurance methods used for model validation†. PDX-MI serves as the basis for PDX Finder's comprehensive search and attribute filtering options (e.g., tumor histology, molecular variant, drug response). Within PDX Finder, model attributes are harmonized and integrated into a cohesive ontological data model that supports consistent searching across the originating resources. From PDX Finder, direct links to these resources are provided to allow users to contact the relevant institution for model acquisition and further collaboration. PDX Finder is formally collaborating with several worldwide consortia including PDXnet and EurOPDX to increase “findability” of PDX models and to advance cancer research and drug discovery. PDX Finder is currently displaying over 1200 PDX models for a wide variety of cancers and is actively recruiting more models. The community is invited to explore and provide feedback on our portal as we build this rich resource at : www.pdxfinder.org. † Meehan et al, 2017. PDX-MI: Minimal Information for Patient-Derived Tumor Xenograft Models. Cancer Res. 2017 Nov 1;77(21):e62-e66. Citation Format: Nathalie A. Conte, Terrence F. Meehan, Dale A. Begley, Debbie M. Krupke, Csaba Halmagyi, Jeremy C. Mason, Abayomi Mosaku, Steven B. Neuhauser, Helen Parkinson, Carol J. Bult. PDX Finder: An open and global catalogue of patient tumor-derived xenograft models [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 3281.

Decisions issued by the President of the Office of Competition and Consumer Protection regarding the imposition of penalty payments on entrepreneurs as a repressive sanction

Aim:The purpose of this paper is to draw attention to the nature of decisions issued by the President of the Office of Competition and Consumer Protection regarding the imposition of penalty payments on entrepreneurs for infringements of the Protection of Competition and Consumers Act of February 26, 2007, which is one of the indications of restrictions on economic freedom. Special attention has been paid to the criteria applied by the President of the OCCP for imposing penalty payments while indicating the changes introduced by amendments to the Act which came into force on January 18, 2015. Design / Research methods:Legal historical method, systematic and teleological interpretation, comparative law Conclusions / findings:Both the rules and the criteria required to be applied by the President of the OCCP when inflicting punishment are included in a catalogue of directives in Article 111 of CCPA. In the catalogue, the legislator attaches particular importance to the premise consisting in a breach of provisions of the law and a previous breach of the same legal act while other elements, separate for each type of breach, are specified later on, imposing on the President of the OCCP the obligation to consider both attenuating circumstances and aggravating circumstances when deciding on the degree (amount) of the penalty. Irrespective of the above, due to the open catalogue of circumstances affecting the gravity of the penalty, the President of the OCCP may also consider some circumstances indirectly implied in the act and developed by the judiciary decisions, which include the type of non-compliance or breach, the degree of violating the public interest, intentional or unintentional action orduration of the breach. Originality / value of the article:To signal criteria changes applied by the President of the OCCP for imposing penalty payments while indicating the changes introduced by amendments to the Act, which came into force on 18 January 2015.

Libraries: Resource Centre of Languages Learning Environment

Language is the medium of communication existed means visually in nature, humanity and culture that are not dependent on any special format or medium of communications. India is the ‘Incredible’ source of languages that diversify in various geographical boundaries. Constitutional provision with its amendments its representatives and users give oriented multidimensional safeguards to nation building. Presently, wants and needs have current results disengaged with social participation, inheritance less consideration or forward to next generation and digital addiction following declining language-centred services also measures that give languages less importance. This paper emphasises to delimit the boundaries related to language services and connectivity with languages for the welfare of all people in terms of libraries as a resource centre of language environment. The library is one place centre where universal data, information and knowledge about any language retrieve in desired medium and formats by individual user/residents. To describe the important role of libraries for languages, a model is prepared called ‘Libraries are mirrors’ and summarise mainly under the following steps such as Role of Libraries and Librarians, Bottom-to-top approach shows the users centric inhouse activities, Languages resources classification according to dewy Decimal Classification. Top-to-bottom approach distinguishes the dissemination of services at various levels such as anticipatory, reprographic, reference and referral service with web-based open access catalogue. Libraries provide translation of source languages into target languages with multidimensional behaviour. Important links are lists to find languages source and service. Some important suggestions put forth for the development and welfare languages and its users.

SERVICIOS DE VALOR AÑADIDO EN CONTEXTOS SITUACIONALES EN TRADUCCIÓN: DE LOS PROYECTOS AL PORTAFOLIO

Esta contribución analiza las posibilidades de diversificación curricular situacional en Traducción, de mano de la introducción de contenidos relacionados con los denominados servicios de valor añadido (EN 15038; ISO 17100). Dichos servicios responden a la diversificación ofrecida por los distintos proveedores de servicios lingüísticos en el mercado. Requieren la activación de un núcleo de competencias claramente traductológicas, funcionales e interculturales, pero pueden distinguirse de los servicios más generales o convencionales de traducción. Dicha diferenciación responde a cuestiones tecnológicas, procesuales, de formato o de gestión de los diferentes proyectos, según las necesidades del cliente, y demandan competencias específicas concretas. Desde la perspectiva de la formación situacional (Calvo, 2015; González-Davies y Enríquez-Raído, 2016; Risku, 2002, 2009, 2016; Vienne, 1994), este artículo recorre propuestas relacionadas con el valor de los proyectos y los portafolios en la formación de traductores. Asimismo, presenta un modelo de trabajo integrador que permite a los alumnos conocer las diferentes caras del mercado, desde la perspectiva de la traducción publicitaria, la revisión, la gestión de proyectos, la posedición, la consultoría intercultural y la transcreación. Se podrá comprobar cómo una propuesta formativa de especialización (retrospectividad) evoluciona hacia una experiencia de aprendizaje transversal significativo (prospectividad) (Calvo, 2015).

Accessible by design: Library Search at the University of the Arts London

This brief case study, originally presented as a breakout session by Sandra Reed and Sara Osman at the UKSG Annual Conference in April 2016,1 outlines how the University of the Arts London put accessibility at the centre of its new open source library catalogue ‘Library Search’. It discusses how accessibility and inclusive design were prioritized throughout the initial discovery process and during engagement with students and other stakeholders, and how our requirement for accessibility was enhanced by the procurement method chosen. The article also considers how practical elements of good, accessible design are an integral part of the new interface. Our broader service offer and plans for the future are also included.

On learning web information extraction rules with TANGO

The research on Enterprise Systems Integration focuses on proposals to support business processes by re-using existing systems. Wrappers help re-use web applications that provide a user interface only. They emulate a human user who interacts with them and extracts the information of interest in a structured format. In this article, we present TANGO, which is our proposal to learn rules to extract information from semi-structured web documents with high precision and recall, which is a must in the context of Enterprise Systems Integration. It relies on an open catalogue of features that helps map the input documents into a knowledge base in which every DOM node is represented by means of HTML, DOM, CSS, relational, and user-defined features. Then a procedure with many variation points is used to learn extraction rules from that knowledge base; the variation points include heuristics that range from how to select a condition to how to simplify the resulting rules. We also provide a systematic method to help re-configure our proposal. Our exhaustive experimentation proves that it beats others regarding effectiveness and is efficient enough for practical purposes. Our proposal was devised to be as configurable as possible, which helps adapt it to particular web sites and evolve it when necessary.

Feature article: Can catalogues be dangerous? The anti-catalogue of FilmCentrum

Abstract This article offers a survey of the film distribution of FilmCentrum during the first years of the organization. Like the catalogues of other film cooperatives that were working with distribution, FilmCentrum’s was open, which meant that the organization accepted all submitted films. This openness is discussed at length, both in terms of the discourses around it and the controversies that it aroused, but also as a form of democratization of the film distribution. The notion of the open catalogue is also put into the context of a larger counter-cultural movement and connected to the notion of the anti-catalogue. The film distribution of FilmCentrum is also placed in the context of the history of Swedish cinema.

Roller: a novel approach to Web information extraction

The research regarding Web information extraction focuses on learning rules to extract some selected information from Web documents. Many proposals are ad hoc and cannot benefit from the advances in machine learning; furthermore, they are likely to fade away as the Web evolves, and their intrinsic assumptions are not satisfied. Some authors have explored transforming Web documents into relational data and then using techniques that got inspiration from inductive logic programming. In theory, such proposals should be easier to adapt as the Web evolves because they build on catalogues of features that can be adapted without changing the proposals themselves. Unfortunately, they are difficult to scale as the number of documents or features increases. In the general field of machine learning, there are propositio-relational proposals that attempt to provide effective and efficient means to learn from relational data using propositional techniques, but they have seldom been explored regarding Web information extraction. In this article, we present a new proposal called Roller: it relies on a search procedure that uses a dynamic flattening technique to explore the context of the nodes that provide the information to be extracted; it is configured with an open catalogue of features, so that it can adapt to the evolution of the Web; it also requires a base learner and a rule scorer, which helps it benefit from the continuous advances in machine learning. Our experiments confirm that it outperforms other state-of-the-art proposals in terms of effectiveness and that it is very competitive in terms of efficiency; we have also confirmed that our conclusions are solid from a statistical point of view.

Opening up the cartographic heritage of the Spanish Geographical Institute by means of publishing standardized, Inspire compatible metadata

By making the most of the versatility that the Internet provides, and following the latest guidelines developed by the European Union through the Inspire and PSI Directives, the Spanish Geographical Institute has been undertaking in the last few years the release of geographic information in a free and interoperable way. Essential factors for this task are both creating metadata to describe and better use that information, and applying standards, both in the data model and in the web services. In this piece of work we will explain the application of these principles on the historical information held in the Technical Archive of the Spanish Geographical Institute. We will present the recent publication of 120,000 metadata records described as ISO (NEM model), which can be accessed through an Inspire compliant discovery service. This service is interrogated by an open source software catalogue client developed by the Spanish Geographical Institute.

The Organization of European Cancer Institute Pathobiology Working Group and its Support of European Biobanking Infrastructures for Translational Cancer Research

Today's translational cancer research increasingly depends on international multi-center studies. Biobanking infrastructure or comprehensive sample exchange platforms to enable networking of clinical cancer biobanks are instrumental to facilitate communication, uniform sample quality, and rules for exchange. The Organization of European Cancer Institutes (OECI) Pathobiology Working Group supports European biobanking infrastructure by maintaining the OECI-TuBaFrost exchange platform and organizing regular meetings. This platform originated from a European Commission project and is updated with knowledge from ongoing and new biobanking projects. This overview describes how European biobanking projects that have a large impact on clinical biobanking, including EuroBoNeT, SPIDIA, and BBMRI, contribute to the update of the OECI-TuBaFrost exchange platform. Combining the results of these European projects enabled the creation of an open (upon valid registration only) catalogue view of cancer biobanks and their available samples to initiate research projects. In addition, closed environments supporting active projects could be developed together with the latest views on quality, access rules, ethics, and law. With these contributions, the OECI Pathobiology Working Group contributes to and stimulates a professional attitude within biobanks at the European comprehensive cancer centers. Improving the fundamentals of cancer sample exchange in Europe stimulates the performance of large multi-center studies, resulting in experiments with the desired statistical significance outcome. With this approach, future innovation in cancer patient care can be realized faster and more reliably.

CVcat: An interactive database on cataclysmic variables

CVcat is a database that contains published data on cataclysmic variables and related objects. Unlike in the existing online sources, the users are allowed to add data to the catalogue. The concept of an open catalogue approach is reviewed together with the experience from one year of public usage of CVcat. New concepts to be included in the upcoming AstroCat framework and the next CVcat implementation are presented. CVcat can be found at http : //www.cvcat. org.