Open Business Research Articles

An analysis of open source GIS software business models and case studies

In this paper, we try to draw implications by analyzing both the prospective business models and case studies of advanced oversea enterprises which are performing a successful business in the field of open source GIS software. First, we can classify the business models of open source software into 12 types including service support, consulting, dual licensing, etc. According to our analysis, the service and support business model takes the highest percentage in the business of open source GIS software, and consulting does the second highest, and then dual licensing in the order. Second, we selected and analyzed two companies such as “Boundless” and “Azavea” that are performing the business most successfully in the field of open source GIS software. By analyzing these two companies, we obtained some common grounds and implications as follows: first, proactive activities in the community of open source software are needed to make the business model successful. Second, the companies that are relatively weak in technology capability have a tendency of creating revenue by developing and selling the solution-based products. Third, the companies that have high level of technology capability can generate revenue by developing and selling various kinds of products by adding the company owned technology to the enterprise software which has developed in the open source project. Fourth, successful companies have a business strategy which provide the necessary solutions through a collaboration with the companies that have a specific technology or a key solution.

Analysis of post-disaster damage and disruptive impacts on the operating status of small businesses after Hurricane Katrina

When small businesses are impacted by natural hazard events, hazard and sociological researchers may have access to collect data from a sample of open businesses, in hopes of distilling lessons that might help reduce vulnerability to future disasters. Lessons from demised businesses might be more useful in reducing business closure for increasing business sustainability to disasters. Using interviews from a random sample of 371 open and 126 closed businesses’ experiences with Hurricane Katrina, discrete choice methods examine the relationship between the impact of post-disaster damage, loss of lifelines, types of delays in reopening, and cascading damages on business continuity. This unique sample offers the opportunity to determine whether damage to operating businesses was different than that of demised businesses. Respondents provided pre-Katrina data up through the last interviews in 2013. Results demonstrate that damage may have a short-term effect on operating status; it was associated with immediate demise but had much less effect on longer-term recovery. Additionally, it is evident that there is one path to failure. Businesses that did reopen, but later closed, may have been impacted by a cascade of both exogenous and endogenous shocks.

DAMPAK EKONOMI DAN SOSIAL ALIH FUNGSI LAHAN PERTANIAN HORTIKULTURA MENJADI KAWASAN WISATA BUKIT RURUKAN DI KECAMATAN TOMOHON TIMUR, KOTA TOMOHON

This research aims is to describe the impact of Horticulture land conversion to farmer’s economy condition and socio-cultural condition that has sold their land to be made into tourist attraction. Research carried out in May until July 2016. Data used is primary data that obtained from interview to 6 (six) respondents and secondary data obtained from Rurukan Office village. Research result shows that the cause of land conversion is high offer price and the sale of land used for opening business in the tourist attraction . the positive impact of land conversion one of them is employment, because the majority of workers and businessman in the tourist attraction is from Rurukan village. Research result also identifying negative impact to locals because of the noises from tourist attraction and the disappearing of local’s cultures.

From offsetting to a publication based business model: The (potential) comeback of selection, individual prices and competition

Watch the VIDEO of the presentation.In March 2016, the ESAC initiative brought together offsetting users from all over Europe to discuss principles and mechanisms of a new business model, currently referred to as offsetting (http://esac-initiative.org/activities/offsetting-workshop-2016/). Participants agreed upon a “Joint Understanding of Offsetting”. The document most importantly includes the claim for agreements to lead to a “pay as you publish” model, meaning that institutions should be billed only for those articles published by their authors rather than making prepayments or pay lump sums, which still include reading or access fees.Subsequently, offsetting users like the Max Planck Digital Library, JISC, the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) or the Netherlands started using the Open APC Initiative to aggregate data from offsetting big deals (http://treemaps.intact-project.org/apcdata/offsetting/). The collection already provides insights on the allocation of offsetting publications over a publisher's journal portfolio, which allows predictions not only on the popularity of journals among researchers in terms of preferred places for publications, but also for a “pay-as-you-publish-model”. Currently the publication data from the Springer offsetting pilot participants (“Springer Compact”) show a distribution of publications over not even the half of Springer’s journal fleet.The conference contribution analyses the data together with bibliometric information and subscription based usage statistics in order to draw conclusions for a truly publication based open access business model in terms of re-implementing individual choices made by authors, price sensitivity, price setting, and market competition. It will be discussed, how offsetting contributes to the desired large-scale open access transformation, as outlined by the Open Access 2020 initiative (http://oa2020.org/).

CUSTOMER RELATIONSHIP MANAGEMENT (CRM) DAN APLIKASINYA DALAM INDUSTRI MANUFAKTUR DAN JASA

Customer Relationship Management (CRM) is one of the ways to maintain continuous relationship between a company and its stakeholders as well as its shareholder. A lot of companies are using CRM to maintain its relationship with the customers. By using CRM, the companies will be able to find out their customers’ needs and wants so that emotionally they can be involved with each other. This enables them to have a two-way communication. As a result, they will have close and open business relationship which makes the customers, especially, loyal to the companies; and they will not easily change their preference to another product or brand.

Brand relationships and risk: influence of risk avoidance and gender on brand consumption

Recent brand relationship research has paid attention to brand love, brand credibility, and brand loyalty. In market and society, various collaborations and co-creations derived from brand relationships generate various social network markets and open business innovations. Brand relationships and collaborative forms heavily depend on risk taking or risk avoidance. However, few studies have examined how brand relationship is related to risk avoidance. The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of risk avoidance and gender on brand trust, brand credibility, brand loyalty, and brand choice overload. We review relevant literature on brand relationship and risk avoidance and develop research hypotheses about brand relationship and risk. We find that consumers’ risk avoidance influences brand trust, brand credibility, brand loyalty, and brand choice overload. We suggest implications about how brand relationships can promote social network markets and open business innovations through social construction process.

The philosophy of “open innovation”

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the ideological foundation of open innovation strategies and the open business model, which are appearing as new industrial paradigms based on information technology (IT). Design/methodology/approach First, this paper examined the ideological foundation of Deleuze, Whitehead, and Popper. Next, Taoism was scrutinized to discover concrete bases for open innovation. Findings Here, it was found that Taoism completely coincides with the logical basis of open innovation. The theory “the supreme good is like water” of Taoism means to vacate oneself and fill the space with others to create paradoxes, thereby filling oneself with a more creative method. Originality/value Taoism provides a way to present paradoxes through the idea of vacating and opening to reach a creative stage of leaving nature as it is.

Mengenal Investasi Dalam Dunia Syariah

Trading activities and business in accordance with sharia (Islamic law) are the ones that are not to do with unlawful products or services such as forbidden food, gambling or disobedience, including those classified as the unlawful practices such as usury, gharar and maysir. In fact, not all trading and business activities comply with shari'a. For that reason, the ulema (Muslim scholars) fatwa (verdict) is needed to ensure the fulfillment of these qualifications. The fatwa on the halal-haram of sharia financial transactions in Indonesia is stipulated by the Indonesian Ulema Council (MUI) through the so-called National Sharia Council (DSN) with the help of practitioners and its implementation is with the help of the Sharia Supervisory Board (DPS). One of the important milestones in the development of sharia economy in Indonesia is the operation of Bank Muamalat Indonesia (BMI) in 1992. Sharia banking is increasingly prevalent after the issuance of Law No. 10/1998 which enables banks to run dual banking system or conventional banks to establish sharia divisions. On this stand, the conventional banks began to take advantage and open sharia business units. No wonder if the development of sharia banking is quite rapid. The main factor that supports the development of sharia economy in Indonesia in the future is the population of Indonesia which is predominantly Muslim. In addition there is increasing awareness of Muslims in investing in accordance with sharia. Given the importance of investment as one of the economic behaviors, it is also important to understand the theory and practice of investment.

Transforming SNCF’s business model through the evolution of participative innovation routine

Purpose Many barriers prevent firms from changing their business models. Inertia, as it accumulates over time, transforms into organizational routines that doom change; however, it can also be a source of organizational flexibility. How does a business model evolve in interaction with organizational routines? This paper aims to study the interactions between forms of participative innovation (PI) and existing business models. Design/methodology/approach The exploratory approach includes interviews, participant and non-participant observations and archive analysis. It adapts an existing framework, based on the notion of scripts, to the evolutionary dynamic of organizational routines at the French railway company SNCF. The analysis of a set of contextual elements clarifies events over time and interactions between PI and the company’s business model. Findings The empirical insights indicate how existing routines can help reinvent business models. Business model components evolve along the transformation phases of PI. The case reveals co-evolutionary dynamics: evolution of the organizational routine from bureaucratic suggestion, to structured innovation, to PI leads to the transformation of the business model from functionalist, to customer-centric, to open business model. Practical implications Firm managers can think more proactively about how to reinvent established business models by innovating their existing routines, according to the position and role of routines, shifting from sources of rigidity and inertia to levers for innovation and change. Originality/value The business model concept serves as a prism of analysis for organizational routines. Organizational routines are sources of flexibility, strategic renewal and business model reinvention.

Open Streets and Business Volumes in Los Angeles: Friend or Foe?

Open Streets and Business Volumes in Los Angeles: Friend or Foe?

The Open Innovation – Strategy nexus: findings from the Mobile Telecommunications Industry

Purpose This study aims to recognize the growing importance of Open Innovation (OI) theory and practice in the broader fields of Management and Information Systems, and focuse on the relationship existing between OI and a firm’s Business Strategy. Hence, the study aims at investigating the multifaceted OI – Strategy nexus at a business level, assessing how OI initiatives influence Strategy within the Mobile Telecommunications Industry and thus contributing to framing and classifying such inherent relationship. Design/methodology/approach A data-driven research approach is used, based on 45 qualitative interviews on firms operating in the Mobile Industry and involved in OI initiatives. Findings Six cross-themes the OI–Strategy relationship in the Mobile Industry revolves around are identified, i.e. OI and Competitive Advantage; OI and Strategic Positioning; OI and Business Models; OI in Networks; OI and Co-opetition; and OI and Resilient Business Advantages. For each theme, examples from the sample of interviewed Mobile firms are organized and reported. The key managerial issues emerging in the attempt to relate OI initiatives and the firm’s overarching Strategy are also underscored and organized in three streams, namely, designing an open business model; achieving competitive advantage through value capture; and nurturing OI as a dynamic capability. Originality/value The proposed reorganization of real-world OI and strategic initiatives in the Mobile Industry, together with the underscoring of key managerial issues, constitutes a comprehensive research agenda or roadmap, with value for both academics and practitioners.

ENTREPRENEURSHIP 3.0: TOOLS TO SUPPORT NEW AND YOUNG COMPANIES WITH THEIR BUSINESS MODELS

In 1983, Time Magazine referred to the new economy as a transition from a production-oriented industry to an economy based on new technology. Later on, it was dubbed a service-oriented and knowledge-based economy. Today, it is also closely linked to sustainability and ecology. The new economy initiates new initiatives from the crowd. This is, for example, reflected in crowdsourcing and open innovation and can lead to open business models. Without the latter, innovators and/or entrepreneurs will fail to provide or capture the value they create with their innovations. Innovations in business models are more important for society and for companies than the technological innovations itself. After all, new technology has no chance of success in the market without a good business model. Therefore, the established traditional business models from the past should be turned into more socially driven models that take into account new societal challenges. The ‘Entrepreneurship 3.0’ Research Centre focuses on new business models to support pre- and early stage start-ups with setting up a new business model and, on the other hand, to guide growth SMEs in the transition towards a new model. We will do this by acquiring insights through evidence-based research and by developing tools and methodologies. Entrepreneurship 3.0 focuses on business model innovation in general and on some topics in particular: sharing & collaborative economy, 3D & materialize economy, blue economy & cradle-to-cradle, crowdfunding and the entrepreneur.

What is the Source of Smart City Value?

Smart cities have attracted an increasing international scientific and business attention and an enormous niche market is being evolved, which engages almost all the business sectors. Being engaged in the smart city market is not free-of-charge and corresponding investments are extensive, while they usually concern innovation development and always demand careful planning. However, until today it is not clear how the smart city creates value to its stakeholders or simply how profit is being created. To this end, this paper performs an investigation on the smart city business models and utilizes decision making process with the contribution of smart city experts in order to conclude on the most appropriate one. This paper's findings demonstrate that business models that are followed in practice by smart cities are different to the ones suggested in literature. Moreover, the decision making processes that were followed showed that the optimal choice is the ownership business model group and from its contents preferred the Open Business Model (OBM), with the Municipal-Owned-Development (MOD) as an alternative option.

When do firms undertake open, collaborative activities? Introduction to the special section on open innovation and open business models

The explicit goal of the inaugural World Open Innovation Conference (WOIC) was to attract both leading academic researchers in open innovation and leading industry practitioners of open innovation, seeking to get these two groups to engage with one another. This introductory article sets the intellectual context of the WOIC, summarizes the top four articles resulting from the conference, and provides a research agenda based on a high-level view of all the submissions and sessions.

Open business models and venture capital finance

We investigate the differences in venture capital (VC) governance of investee firms with Open Business Models, specifically Open Source Software (OSS), versus closed business models. Due to OSS’s pronounced complexity and uncertainty, we conjecture that VC-backed OSS firms are more frequently staged and syndicated. We present robust empirical evidence from the United States that OSS ventures have more financing rounds and are more likely to be syndicated, and mixed evidence that OSS ventures have a larger number of syndicated investors.

Balancing and scheduling in extended manufacturing environment

In the fiercely competitive era induced by expansion of open business archetypes, the managerial aspects of Extended Manufacturing Environments (EMEs) are experiencing growing concerns. There is no scope of leaving a possible operational improvement unexplored. For enhanced operational efficiency and capacity utilization the balancing and scheduling problems of EMEs are, therefore, rightfully considered and an integer programme is proposed in this paper. The model is designed in a spread sheet and solved through What’sBest optimizer. The model capabilities are assessed through a test problem. The results have demonstrated that the model is capable of defining optimized production schedules for EMEs.

Tenure Security, Land Titles and Access to Formal Finance in Upgraded Informal Settlements: The Case of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

Pro-poor land policies have recently emerged in reconceptualising access to housing finance in low income settlements in developing countries. In Tanzania, this concept has been adopted to enable dwellers in urban informal settlement to enjoy perceived tenure security. Settlement upgrading has further increased perceived security. Interestingly, titling projects aimed at facilitating access to credit from formal financial institutions have been implemented in already upgraded settlements. Based on empirical investigations in two settlements in Dar es Salaam, the paper explores the take-up of titles and subsequent use to access credit. Findings show that take-up is slow and very few property owners have accessed credit. In contrast to arguments by several scholars, tenure security is not a simple matter of being legal or illegal or formal or informal. In the illustrated cases, loans were neither used to improve houses nor open businesses, but to expand on-going profitable businesses. Loans were repaid and no property has been taken away, presenting a win-win situation. The paper concludes that the use of titles to expand on-going profitable businesses provides new lens with which to look at alternative uses of residential licenses (RLs). Through this lens, property owners were able to use titles to access relatively large microenterprise development loans. It recommends further, that there is a need to promote the acquisition and use of titles. Financial institutions are challenged to design and implement context specific housing microfinance products that make ownership of RLs a necessary condition for accessing loans.

Analysis of the Stability and Hopf Bifurcation of Currency Supply Delay in an Opened Kaldorian Business Cycle Model

First of all, we establish a three-dimension open Kaldorian business cycle model under the condition of the fixed exchange rate. Secondly, with regard to the model, we discuss the existence of equilibrium point and the stability of the system near it with a time delay in currency supply as the bifurcating parameters of the system. Thirdly, we discuss the existence of Hopf bifurcation and investigate the stability of periodic solution generated by the Hopf bifurcation; then the direction of the Hopf bifurcation is given. Finally, a numerical simulation is given to confirm the theoretical results. This paper plays an important role in theoretical researching on the model of business cycle, and it is crucial for decision-maker to formulate the macroeconomic policies with the conclusions of this paper.

Formally verified TSM centric privacy preserving NFC mobile payment framework and protocol

Near field communication is on the verge of broad adoption worldwide. The combination of NFC and smart mobile devices are making the way of life more easier for millennials. Sensitive consumer information can be predicted using data aggregation and predictive data mining approaches on any profit-oriented open e-commerce business models which may potentially cause a privacy breach. In mobile payment, which is a popular e-commerce sub domain application, consumers' sensitive information potentially sits on retailers' server over which consumer has no control but hackers can exploit. This paper presents a new TSM centric privacy preserving framework and a protocol for NFC-based proximity payments. It prevents consumer data from ever touching a merchant's server where the majority of data breaches occur. The correctness of proposed privacy preserving NFC payment protocol is ensured here via formal modelling and verification using Proverif.

The Open Business Model: Understanding an Emerging Concept

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