Open Access Research Articles

Approaches to Treating Knee Osteoarthritis: Surgery vs. Non-Surgery Treatment

Introduction: Knee Osteoarthritis (KO) is a progressive, chronic disease that damage the joint cartilage of a knee and leads to a changes in a anatomy of the joint. Both surgical and non-surgical methods are used to treat the disease. In this study, we will compare the invasive vs non-invasive methods of KO treatment. Objectives: The review and presentation of the current state of knowledge on Treating Knee Osteoarthritis, comparing surgery vs non-surgery methods. Material and Methods: Review of the studies available on open access sources at PubMed, Google Scholar and National Library of Medicine. Conclusions: Surgery approach for the Knee Osteoarthritis treatment are more durable, have better pain relief and treat casually the OA. Similar effects cannot be reached by non-surgery methods yet. However, there is a big promise in future studies about non-surgery methods, which can also raise a Quality of Life significantly and even avoid or postpone an operation in some groups of patients.

CARE guidelines in publishing case reports in paediatrics: where do we stand after 10 years?

Background: Case reports are especially important in paediatrics, and CARE (CAse REport) guidelines help in standardizing the reporting in case reports. Objectives: To examine the actual use of CARE guidelines in journals in the field of paediatrics. Methods: Journals that publish case reports were selected from the databases of the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC; Science Citation Index Expanded, or SCIE; and Emerging Sources Citation Index, or ESCI). All journals that publish case reports and mention CARE guidelines were included, and the ranking (quartiles) of those journals was also recorded. From all the journals in paediatrics that mention CARE in their instructions for authors, 5% of all the open-access case reports were selected (limited to 10 reports from any one journal), and every 10th case report was included in the analysis. The reports published between 2013 and 2023 were further analysed for their compliance with the 13-item CARE checklist. Results: Of 184 journals in the field of paediatrics category included in the WoSCC, 130 (71%) were indexed in the SCIE and 54 (29%) in the ESCI; 161 (87%) publish case reports; and 121 (65%) mention CARE guidelines in their instructions for authors. However, they differ in applying CARE guidelines (P = .001), and more journals included in the ESCI mention CARE guidelines than do those included in the SCIE. During 2013–2023, a total of 22,989 case reports were published in the 121 journals that mention CARE guidelines. Of the total, 6733 (29%) were open access. Our final sample comprised 326 (5%) open access case reports that were open access, of which 240 (74%) were in the journals included in the SCIE and 86 (26%) in the ESCI. On aver-age, these reports were given a score of 8.5 (SD 1.97; range, 2–13) out of the maximum possible score of 13. The highest compliance was observed for the informed consent item (99%), while the lowest compliance was found for the keywords item (22%). Conclusion: It is important for journals to ensure that during writing and editing, the case reports they publish adhere to CARE guidelines so as to eliminate biased reporting and improve their quality.

FSP1 Acts in Parallel with GPX4 to Inhibit Ferroptosis in COPD.

Glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) has recently been reported to play an important role in the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Ferroptosis suppressor protein-1 (FSP1) is a protein that defends against ferroptosis in parallel with GPX4, but its role in the pathogenesis of COPD remains unexplored, and further research is needed. Normal and COPD lung tissues were obtained from lobectomy and lung transplant specimens, respectively. FSP1-overexpressing mice were established by monthly transfection with AAV9-FSP1 through modified intranasal administration. The expression of FSP1, GPX4, and prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2) was measured by Western blotting, immunohistochemistry and other methods. The correlation between FSP1 and ferroptosis and the role of FSP1 in COPD were explored by screening the expression of ferroptosis-related genes in a COPD cell model after the inhibition and overexpression of FSP1. We then explored the underlying mechanism of low FSP1 expression in patients with COPD in vitro by methylated RNA immunoprecipitation (MeRIP)-qPCR. We found that cigarette smoke exposure can lead to an increase in lipid peroxide production and ultimately ferroptosis, which is negatively regulated by FSP1 activity. FSP1 overexpression can prevent ferroptosis and alleviate emphysema. Next, we found that decreased FSP1 expression was caused by increased m6A modification of FSP1 mRNA. Moreover, the level of FSP1 decreased in a YTHDF2-dependent manner. These results indicate that METTL3-induced FSP1 mRNA methylation leading to low FSP1 expression is a potential therapeutic target for COPD. This article is open access and distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives License 4.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

INNOVATIONS IN HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT IN THE PUBLIC SECTOR OF UKRAINE

The article examines the characteristics of innovations in human resource management within Ukraine’s public sector. It defines the concept of innovation in human resource management as the introduction of new ideas, methods, technologies, and processes aimed at enhancing the efficiency and effectiveness of managing human resources. The importance of studying this topic is highlighted, particularly in light of the need for the public sector and government bodies to adapt to the demands of wartime and the socio-political crisis, as well as the necessity to develop a strategy for advancing the public sector through the implementation of various international agreements. The main objective of the study is to analyze the specific features of introducing innovations in the human resource management system of Ukraine’s public sector. This includes identifying successful practices for implementing electronic systems, key areas for the digitalization of public administration, and promising research directions. The study demonstrates that several organizational, technological, and social variables influence the interactions between employees, management, and other stakeholders. For instance, technological innovations enable the automation of HR processes (e.g., talent management systems, HR analytics, electronic document management platforms) and the use of online tools for employee training and development (e-learning, webinars). Organizational innovations promote the adoption of new management models. The study highlights several priority areas for further development: strategic communications in public policy, shaping the corporate culture of government agencies, defining their mission, strategic goals, values, and vision; fostering innovative leadership; developing horizontal connections within organizations through innovation; and ensuring principles such as fairness, transparency, openness, and equal access through the digital transformation of public administration.

SEXUALITY EDUCATION AND ITS IMPACT ON ADOLESCENT REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH KNOWLEDGE IN MANCAR VILLAGE

Adolescence is a critical period of transition marked by biological, psychological, and social changes. This community service program aimed to educate adolescents on reproductive health through sexuality education at the Youth Posyandu in Mancar Village, Jombang. Conducted on June 26, 2024, the program involved 15 adolescent participants. It addressed the lack of knowledge about reproductive health and sought to improve adolescents' understanding and attitudes toward their reproductive well-being. A series of activities, including seminars, discussions, and demonstrations, were held to provide comprehensive information on reproductive health. The results showed a significant increase in the participants' knowledge, with 100% of the adolescents demonstrating a good understanding of reproductive health by the end of the program. This initiative highlighted the importance of open access to reproductive health education for adolescents and encouraged parental involvement in discussing reproductive health topics. The program concluded successfully, with participants actively engaging in the learning process and demonstrating increased awareness of reproductive health issues.

Mapping the landscape of machine learning models used for predicting transfusions in surgical procedures: a scoping review

Massive transfusion of blood products poses challenges in determining the need for transfusion and the appropriate volume of blood products. This review explores the use of machine learning (ML) models to predict transfusion risk during surgical procedure, focusing on the methodology, variables, and software employed to predict transfusion. This scoping review investigates the development and current state of machine learning models for predicting transfusion risk during surgical procedure, aiming to inform physicians about the field’s progress and potential directions.The review was conducted using the databases Cochrane, Embase, and PubMed. The search included keywords related to blood transfusion, statistical models, and surgical procedures. Peer-reviewed articles were included, while literature reviews, case reports, and non-human studies were excluded.A total of 40 studies met the inclusion criteria. The most frequently studied biological variables included haemoglobin, platelet count, international normalized ratio (INR), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), fibrinogen, creatinine, white blood cells, and albumin. Clinical variables of importance included age, sex, surgery type, blood pressure, weight, surgery duration, american society of anesthesiology (ASA) status, blood loss, and body mass index (BMI). The software employed varied, with Python, R, SPSS, and SAS being the most commonly used. Logistic regression was the predominant methodology used in 20 studies.Our scoping review highlights the need for improved reporting and transparency in methodology, variables, and software used. Future research should focus on providing detailed descriptions and open access to codes of respective models, promoting reproducibility, and enhancing the clinical relevance of transfusion risk prediction models.

Open with care.

Indigenous researchers and communities are reshaping how Western science thinks about open access to data.

Studying technical sciences without borders: We use the navigator for open educational resources. Part 1. The Russian experience

Introduction. The introduction of information and communication technologies into learning processes expands the possibilities of using information resources and becomes one of the priorities of the transforming higher education system. These changes are reflected in the trends in the development and application of open educational resources. However, the scale and fragmentation of data on the Internet, as well as the lack of open educational resources standards, makes the information retrieval process a difficult task and requires professional skills.Purpose setting. To determine the relevance and prospects for the development of sectoral open educational resources, it is necessary to analyze their role in the modern educational system. It is important to identify the possibilities of using open access research in technical sciences as one of the tools to eliminate social inequality in higher education. To identify and present arguments for the purpose of justifying the need to develop an industry-specific «Navigator on OER of Technical Sciences» (hereinafter referred to as the «Navigator»).Methodology and methods of the study. The research methodology covers the study and analysis of scientific papers devoted to the development of tools and initiatives in the field of open educational resources in technical sciences both in Russia and abroad. This study is also based on the method of oral questioning of students, postgraduates and teachers of technical disciplines at universities in Novosibirsk. Results. An array of scientific literature and web resources has been studied, providing free access to scientific and educational information in the field of research under consideration. Taking into account empirical data, the necessity of developing a «Navigator» on open educational resources in the system of higher technical education is justified (http://lib-os.ru/issledovatelyam/resursy/obrazovatelnye- resursy/navigator-oor-techn-nauk/).Conclusion. The study of technical sciences using open educational resources contributes to the effective improvement of professional level and allows you to be aware of current solutions to innovative activities in the field of knowledge under consideration.

Paradoxical growth of publications by authors from developing countries in gold open access journals: a commentary on Dr. Cernat’s, 2024 article

Paradoxical growth of publications by authors from developing countries in gold open access journals: a commentary on Dr. Cernat’s, 2024 article

Open Access Bacillus cereus Cocktail Secondary Growth Model for the Food Industry.

A cost-effective algorithm is presented, using a virtual dataset of growth rates from a cocktail of Bacillus cereus strains, for developing an open access, extended-range secondary growth model. Extended-range growth models can span the range of processing conditions typically used in food manufacturing and are therefore more relevant for industry. The open access extended-range secondary growth model for a cocktail of B. cereus strains was created using publicly available data, and the methodology can be adapted for modelling growth of other pathogens. An extended-range model can help manage B. cereus hazards in novel food categories with non-traditional formulations as estimations of B. cereus risks in these foods become more precise. This open access model, however, needs to be validated using data from B. cereus strain cocktails isolated from production facilities. Once validated, these independent factor models are valuable tools, in a pathogen decision support platform, which are tuned to local production environments. Such a platform can address the needs of current and future food product portfolios, effectively mitigating risks associated with B. cereus and other relevant pathogens.

The Sonora Substellar Atmosphere Models. III. Diamondback: Atmospheric Properties, Spectra, and Evolution for Warm Cloudy Substellar Objects

We present a new grid of cloudy atmosphere and evolution models for substellar objects. These models include the effect of refractory cloud species, including silicate clouds, on the spectra and evolution. We include effective temperatures from 900 to 2400 K and surface gravities from log g = 3.5 to 5.5, appropriate for a broad range of objects with masses between 1 and 84 M J. Model pressure–temperature structures are calculated assuming radiative–convective and chemical equilibrium. We consider the effect of both clouds and metallicity on the atmospheric structure, resulting spectra, and thermal evolution of substellar worlds. We parameterize clouds using the A. S. Ackerman & M. S. Marley cloud model, including cloud parameter f sed values from 1 to 8; we include three metallicities (−0.5, 0.0, and +0.5). Refractory clouds and metallicity both alter the evolution of substellar objects, changing the inferred temperature at a given age by up to 100–200 K. For solar-metallicity evolution models including clouds in warm objects, we find a hydrogen-burning minimum mass of 70.2 M J, close to empirical measurements; we find a deuterium-burning minimum mass of 12.05 M J (50% of initial D burned). We compare to the observed photometry of brown dwarfs, finding broad agreement with the measured photometry. We publish the spectra, evolution, and other data products online with open access on Zenodo (doi:10.5281/zenodo.12735103).

Fire at Sea: A 70-year Review of Fire-Related Mass Casualty Events on U.S. Aircraft Carriers.

A major fire at sea is among the most devastating events that can occur while a U.S. Navy combatant vessel is underway. Since World War II, no attack on a large U.S. Navy capital ship has occurred during combat operations. However, increasing global tensions raise the threat of future peer adversary naval combat, and shipboard medical caregivers must be prepared for mass casualty events in the deployed maritime environment. To better prepare modern naval caregivers for this possibility, we reviewed mass casualty events from major fires aboard large U.S. Navy aircraft carriers from 1950 through 2020 to summarize available objective data and identify lessons learned. Underway fires from any cause aboard U.S. Navy aircraft carriers and large amphibious assault ships causing more than 10 casualties (injuries + deaths) were reviewed from 1950 through 2020 using available open access sources including literature review, the Naval Safety Command mishap database, and U.S. Navy Judge Advocate Manual reports. Of 246 fires identified, 27 met inclusion criteria resulting in 1,634 casualties with a combined crew mortality of 23% of those injured. In the 16 events with at least 1 death, 2.0% of the total crew was injured with a combined mortality of 28%. All mishaps occurred while underway during routine training or combat operations; none were caused by an enemy combatant attack. Those events affecting more than 5% of the crew were particularly devastating resulting in a mortality rate of 29% of 1,056 total casualties. Given that main medical spaces may be damaged or destroyed during major fires from any cause, identified lessons learned included the need for (1) distributed medical supplies, (2) flexible medical treatment locations throughout the ship, (3) specific training to prepare non-physician caregivers and non-medical first responders to provide burn and hemorrhagic shock resuscitation, airway management, and prolonged care at or near the point of injury, and (4) the prolonged holding capability of critically ill burned and injured patients if evacuation off the ships is unavailable. Shipboard fires underway pose a significant threat to crew safety with a mortality of nearly a quarter of those injured. These fire mass casualty events immediately overwhelm shipboard medical capabilities requiring a complex response from all hands beginning with non-medical first responders. Notably, all events occurred outside of direct enemy combat, potentially underestimating the impact and number of casualties of a shipboard fire during naval combat. Advances in peer weaponry and the threat of future conflict emphasize the need for pre-deployment burn care training for all shipboard medical caregivers as well as advanced airway and resuscitation training for non-physician caregivers. This review underscores the profound impact of shipboard fires on crew safety, highlighting the critical need for enhanced preparedness and response strategies to prepare for fire-related mishaps during routine operations and naval combat.

Designing Cyberinfrastructure for Knowledge Sharing

FishSounds is an online portal that provides open and user-friendly access to academic scholarship regarding the sounds made by fish species. It is the result of an international collaboration between students, scientists, and information professionals, and has become a resource used around the globe for research, education, journalism, and general interest. This website is just the first instance of a new approach to sharing knowledge and an emerging cyberinfrastructure for open scholarship. The codebase behind FishSounds was designed to be reusable with other datasets, and in the coming years additional portals will connect users to knowledge from varied subject areas across academic disciplines. This discussion examines the development and reception of FishSounds as a case study for the creation of these websites, called Searchable Online Catalogues of Knowledge, or SOCKs. As it is publicly released, the SOCK platform will continue to evolve and develop new strategies based on the lessons learned from different audiences accessing FishSounds.

ECBD: European chemical biology database.

The European Chemical Biology Database (ECBD, https://ecbd.eu) serves as the central repository for data generated by the EU-OPENSCREEN research infrastructure consortium. It is developed according to FAIR principles, which emphasize findability, accessibility, interoperabilityand reusability of data. This data is made available to the scientific community following open access principles. The ECBD stores both positive and negative results from the entire chemical biology project pipeline, including data from primary or counter-screening assays. The assays utilize a defined and diverse library of over 107000 compounds, the annotations of which are continuously enriched by external user supported screening projects and by internal EU-OPENSCREEN bioprofiling efforts. These compounds were screened in 89 currently deposited datasets (assays), with 48 already being publicly accessible, while the remaining will be published after a publication embargo period of up to 3 years. Together these datasets encompass ∼4.3 million experimental data points. All public data within ECBD can be accessed through its user interface, API or by database dump under the CC-BY 4.0 license.

A deep-learning-based histopathology classifier for focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) unravels a complex scenario of comorbid FCD subtypes.

Recently, we developed a first artificial intelligence (AI)-based digital pathology classifier for focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) as defined by the ILAE classification. Herein, we tested the usefulness of the classifier in a retrospective histopathology workup scenario. Eighty-six new cases with histopathologically confirmed FCD ILAE type Ia (FCDIa), FCDIIa, FCDIIb, mild malformation of cortical development with oligodendroglial hyperplasia in epilepsy (MOGHE), or mild malformations of cortical development were selected, 20 of which had confirmed gene mosaicism. The classifier always recognized the correct histopathology diagnosis in four or more 1000 × 1000-μm digital tiles in all cases. Furthermore, the final diagnosis overlapped with the largest batch of tiles assigned by the algorithm to one diagnostic entity in 80.2% of all cases. However, 86.2% of all cases revealed more than one diagnostic category. As an example, FCDIIb was identified in all of the 23 patients with histopathologically assigned FCDIIb, whereas the classifier correctly recognized FCDIIa tiles in 19 of these cases (83%), that is, dysmorphic neurons but no balloon cells. In contrast, the classifier misdiagnosed FCDIIb tiles in seven of 23 cases histopathologically assigned to FCDIIa (33%). This mandates a second look by the signing histopathologist to either confirm balloon cells or differentiate from reactive astrocytes. The algorithm also recognized coexisting architectural dysplasia, for example, vertically oriented microcolumns as in FCDIa, in 22% of cases classified as FCDII and in 62% of cases with MOGHE. Microscopic review confirmed microcolumns in the majority of tiles, suggesting that vertically oriented architectural abnormalities are more common than previously anticipated. An AI-based diagnostic classifier will become a helpful tool in our future histopathology laboratory, in particular when large anatomical resections from epilepsy surgery require extensive resources. We also provide an open access web application allowing the histopathologist to virtually review digital tiles obtained from epilepsy surgery to corroborate their final diagnosis.

Using Open Access AI to Improve the Academic Lifecycle for the Academic Community

Using Open Access AI to Improve the Academic Lifecycle for the Academic Community

Comorbid ADHD and schizophrenia and the use of psychostimulants: a scoping review protocol

IntroductionSchizophrenia and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are psychiatric disorders that have a profound impact on patients and healthcare systems globally. There is preliminary evidence suggesting a potential association between...

Does virtual reality affect breast cancer patients' pain?: A literature review

Purpose: To comprehensively analyze scientific evidence regarding the effect of virtual reality on pain in breast cancer patients. Method: This is literature study using PubMed, ScienceDirect and Cochrane Library databases. The inclusion criteria in this literature review are articles published in the last 5 years (2020-2024), articles using Indonesian and English in journals of national or international reputation and research articles. The selected articles are articles that the author can download or open access. Result: Of the total 493 articles, there were 9 articles that were duplicates or the same article. After that, it was found that the titles of 457 articles did not match the topic. There were 14 articles that did not meet the inclusion criteria and 7 articles had inappropriate interventions and methodology. Finally, 5 articles were obtained that were suitable for analysis. Conclusion: The use of VR can effectively reduce levels of pain, anxiety, fatigue and depression in breast cancer patients, as well as improve their quality of life. These findings suggest that VR has the potential to be a valuable adjunct in the pain management of breast cancer patients.

Detection and Characterization of Potato Virus Y (PVY) Strains and Mixed Infections in San Luis Valley, Colorado

Potato virus Y (PVY) is a major economic threat to potato production worldwide. Understanding the prevalent PVY strains and their dynamics is crucial for effective management. This study investigated PVY trends and diversity in the San Luis Valley (SLV), CO, U.S.A. We leveraged the Colorado Seed Potato Certification Program data (2017 to 2022), revealing a persistent problem with PVY incidence in certified seed lots that fluctuated between 2.6% (2017) and 6.5% (2022). PVYN-Wi was the dominant strain, with others such as PVYO also detected. A complementary field study (2021 to 2022) investigated PVY prevalence and diversity in 600 samples collected from 30 fields. PVYN-Wi was identified as the main strain, followed by PVYO and PVYNTN. Notably, the incidences of dual and triple infections, along with inconclusive samples, increased in both postharvest and field study samples. High-throughput sequencing (HTS) of the inconclusive samples identified from the field study samples determined PVYN-Wi as the predominant strain and identified polymorphisms that may hinder accurate identification by traditional strain typing methods. Beyond PVY, potato virus S (PVS) was the only other major potato-infecting virus detected. HTS revealed diverse nonplant-infecting viruses as well. This study provides valuable insights into the evolving PVY landscape and the complex potato virome in SLV. It highlights the importance of continued surveillance and improved diagnostics to mitigate the impact of viruses on potato production. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .

Gandy & 'Books under threat': A response

Short AbstractGandy's (2023) resistance to open access requirements under recent UK government initiatives is disconcerting. This response explores these new requirements, before examining the inequitable impact of the paywall to academic outputs both globally and within the Global North.