Open Access Environment Research Articles

Usage Based Transmission Cost Allocation to Wheeling Transactions in Bilateral Markets

Transmission cost allocation among market participants in restructuring of power industry has become an important task in view of bilateral transaction framework. This paper presents a usage based methodology of transmission cost allocation in deregulated power system under open access. A new methodology for allocating transmission cost to wheeling transactions considering Zbus and contractual obligations made among suppliers and buyers is proposed in this paper. The usage coefficients are defined by taking the quantum of bilateral agreements made in the electricity markets so as to obtain fair utilization of transmission network. Accordingly this new approach calculates the utilization of each line by the generators and loads considering their contract obligations in the open access environment. The transmission costs are allocated among the transactions by using the converged load flow solution in this methodology. In this paper the allocation of the transmission costs mainly emphasize both technical and measure of ‘extent use’ of transmission resources. The proposed method has been illustrated with the help of a sample 6 bus (test) system, IEEE 118 bus system and comparison is done with analytical method for six bus system.

A New Approach for the Reliability of Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks

Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANET), a subset of Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs), is a wireless communication technology applied to transportation, referring to a set of smart vehicles used on the road. These vehicles provide communication services among one another (V2V) or with Road Side Infrastructure (V2I). The main benefits of VANET are enhancing road safety, reducing energy use and emissions, and giving information services. Reliability is one of the most critical issues related to VANET since the information transmitted is distributed in an open access environment. We focused in this paper, on the reliability of VANET as a function of reliable hardware and their functionality taking into consideration the needed security equipment. We use reliability block diagrams (RBD) and fault tree (FT) to elaborate the reliability of the vehicles and the road side equipment (RSU). In order to proof our result, a simulation was occurred using the RBD and FT probability and it has been conducted to validate the proposed approach. The data (Failure ratio) used are from professional database concerning the type of components presented in the system. Our scientific approach is structured with methods that combine qualitative approaches (such as functional analysis, FMEA, ...) and quantitative methods (Fault tree, probabilistic models of degradation, etc.) for the VANET. From this data an exponential model of reliability was proposed. The probability calculation was performed in relation to a reference time of use. Thereafter a sensitivity analysis was suggested concerning the reliability parameters and redesign proposals are developed for the components.

Van Giffen’s Dogs: Cranial Osteometry of Iron Age to Medieval Period Dogs from the Northern Netherlands

This paper presents biometric data from a collection of 488 dogs skulls originating from 58 (archaeological) sites in the northern Netherlands dating from the Iron Age to the Medieval Period. The crania were originally collected and documented in the early 20 th century by Prof. Albert Egges van Giffen, one of the pioneers of Dutch archaeology and archaeozoology. The ‘De honden van Van Giffen’ project has transcribed, translated and digitized the original handwritten records and tables, supplementing the information with new photographs of a selection of the specimens, and made the dataset openly accessible for researchers worldwide on easy.dans.knaw.nl. This dataset is an unparalleled treasure trove of canid osteometric data with sustainable reuse potential for research into dog domestication, the evolution of dog breeds, and cranial variability in canids. Funding statement: Making the data digitally available in an open access environment was funded by the Koninklijke Nederlandse Academie van Wetenschappen (KNAW) via Data Archiving and Network Services (DANS) as a Kleine Data Projecten (KDP) grant. The original data and facilities for carrying out the project were provided by the Groningen Institute of Archaeology of the University of Groningen.

Misbehavior Detection Based on Support Vector Machine and Dempster-Shafer Theory of Evidence in VANETs

Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) support safety and comfortable driving through frequent information exchange among intelligent vehicles. As an open access environment, VANETs are vulnerable to security threats, such as electronic attack and privacy disclosure. In this paper, we propose a misbehavior detection mechanism based on a support vector machine (SVM) and Dempster-Shafer theory (DST) of evidence to resist false message attack and message suppression attack. The proposed mechanism includes data trust model and vehicle trust model. The data trust model uses an SVM-based classifier to detect false messages based on message content and vehicle attributes. The vehicle trust model consists of a local vehicle trust module and a trust authority (TA) vehicle trust module. The local vehicle trust module uses another SVM-based classifier to evaluate whether the vehicle is credible based on the behavior of the vehicle in terms of message propagation. Then, the TA vehicle trust module uses DST to aggregate multiple trust assessment reports about the same vehicle and derives a comprehensive trust value. Simulation results show that Gaussian kernel best fits our models compared with other functions. In addition, the true positive rate of our data trust model is higher than the model based on back propagation neural network. Moreover, our two models are more robust than basic majority voting, weighted voting, and Bayesian inference in terms of true positive rate under various scenarios.

An Efficient and Secure Anonymous Authentication Scheme for VANETs Based on the Framework of Group Signatures

Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) have stimulated interests in both academic and industry settings. Once deployed, they would bring a new driving experience to drivers. However, in an open-access environment, privacy is one of the greatest challenges, as drivers want to keep their personal information protected. Therefore, many authentication protocols have been proposed as solutions to the privacy issue. In most of the existing protocols, to prevent the revoked entity from generating a valid authentication information, the verifiers must frequently download the revocation list from one or more remote authorities to keep the list up-to-date, which greatly increases the workload of the remote authority. In this paper, to cope with such challenging concerns, based on the idea of group signatures, we propose a novel authentication protocol scheme by using the complete sub-tree method to achieve membership revocation, which ensures forward security. In our scheme, the verifiers can verify the authentication information by getting the latest epoch $t$ without having to obtain the latest revocation list. In the aspect of security, the proposed protocol is featured with forward security, CCA2-anonymity, unforgeability, non-frameability, and traceability. In addition, our scheme adopts a decentralized group model, so that the whole domain of VANETs is divided into sub-regions and any vehicle has to update its non-revoked token periodically from the regional group manager who manages the region where the vehicle stays.

SECURED DATA STORAGE AND AUDITING OF DATA INTEGRITY OVER DYNAMIC DATA IN CLOUD

Cloud computing is an emerging technology which supports the storage of data via internet. The process of communication is done in an open-access environment and this in turn creates some security and privacy issues which is a real challenge for the cloud users. This facility shoots up the necessity of secure data auditing mechanism over outsourced data. Most of the existing schemes lack the security feature, which can withstand collusion attacks between the cloud server and the unauthorised users. Another most important problem in existing system is data integrity. This paper presents a technique to overthrow the collusion attacks and the data auditing mechanism is achieved by means of vector commitment and backward unlinkable verifier local revocation group signature. The proposed work involves double encryption technique to deal with the privacy measures in cloud server. To extend the security measures a single file has been split into different blocks and stored with different file names. These may leads to the ambiguity for the attackers to trace out the original data. The performance of the proposed work is analysed and compared with the existing techniques and the experimental results are observed to be satisfactory in terms of computational and time complexity.

In Honor of Peer Reviewers

There is ongoing debate in the scholarly community on the challenges and changes to peer review in an open access environment. The <em>Journal of eScience Librarianship</em> is monitoring these discussions, as well as being proactive in recognizing peer reviewers for their service to data science librarianship.

Is peer review evolving in the open access environment? A survey of Croatian open access journals

Most of the journals in Croatia adopted the open access (OA) model and their content is freely accessible and available for reuse without restrictions except that attribution be given to the author(s) and journal. There are 444 Croatian scholarly, professional, popular and trade OA journals available in the national repository of OA journals Hrcak, and 217 of them use peer review process as the primary quality assurance system. The goal of our study was to investigate the peer review process used by the Croatian OA journals and the editors’ attitude towards open peer review.An online survey was sent to the Hrcak journal editors with 39 questions grouped in: journal general information, a number of submitted/rejected/accepted manuscripts and timeliness of publishing, peer review process characteristics, instructions for peer reviewers and open peer review. Responses were obtained from 152 editors (141 complete and 11 partial). All journals employ peer review process except one. The data were collected from February to July 2017.The majority of journals come from the humanities (n=50, 33%) and social sciences (n=37, 24%). Less represented are journals from the field of biomedicine (n=22, 14%), technical sciences (n=16, 11%), natural sciences (n=12, 8%), biotechnical sciences (n=10, 7%) and interdisciplinary journals (n=3, 2%). Average journal submission is 54 manuscripts per year, but there are big differences among journals: maximum submission is 550 manuscripts, and minimum just five. In average journal publishes 23 papers after the reviewers’ and editors’ acceptance. In average it takes 16 days for sending the manuscript to the reviewer, 49 days for all the reviewers to send the journal a detailed report on the manuscript, 14 days to the editors’ decision, and another 60 days for the paper to be published.External peer review process where reviewers are not members of the editorial board or employees of the journal’s parent institution was used by 86 journals (60%). Other journals use external peer review process where reviewers are not members of the editorial board but could be employees of the journal’s parent institution (n=40, 28%), and editorial peer review. Remaining 10% journals combine previous three types of the peer review. Only 20% journals use exclusively reviewers from abroad, 44% are combining international and national reviewers, and 36% journals use only reviewers from Croatia.The majority of journals provide two reviews for each manuscript, and the process is double blind. Detailed instructions for peer reviewers are provided by less than half of the journals (n=57, 40%), but ethical issues like plagiarism, conflict of interest, confidentiality etc., are neglected. Usually, a reviewer is not informed of the final decision upon the manuscript, and reviews are not shared among reviewers.Somehow surprising was the opinion of the majority of the editors that reviewers must get credit for their efforts (n=121, 85%). On the other hand, editors are not familiar with the concept of open peer review, which can be easily used for that purpose. Some editors believe that open peer review is related to the identity disclosure: both authors’ and reviewers’ (n=35, 25%), reviewers’ (n=27, 19%), and authors’ identity (n=14, 10%). For many editors open peer review implies publicly available reviews (n=65, 36%) and authors’ responses (n=46, 33%). Open peer review is an unknown concept for some editors (n=32, 23%).In spite of all criticism traditional peer review is predominant in Croatian OA journals. Our findings show that traditional peer review is still the preferred review mechanism for the majority of journals in the study.

Journal selection criteria in an open access environment: A comparison between the medicine and social sciences

The increasing number of journals makes it difficult to decide the right venue for manuscript submission. This becomes more complicated as the selection criteria may vary from one discipline to another. Therefore, appropriate cross‐disciplinary studies are required to understand the exact concerns that dominate a particular field. The current study compares 16 factors that influence journal choices between medicine and social sciences using the answers given to a global survey of 235 open access journal authors. The results reveal that authors of both areas consider ‘peer reviewed’ status as the most important factor while showing the least interest to the ‘number of annual subscribers’ of the journal. However, compared to social science authors, those in the discipline of medicine give significantly more consideration to (1) impact factor, (2) the inclusion of the journal in abstracting and indexing services, (3) publisher's prestige, and (4) online submission with tracking facility. The factors that were identified can be categorized for both disciplines as reflecting the reputation of a journal, performance or production issues, and reliability and demand characteristics of their publication choice. The editors and publishers can use these findings to attract the best manuscripts as the study reveals the author's perception of the journal's status. The results can also be used to design recommender systems for journal submission for new authors in a discipline.

Multi-Objective Scheduling Optimization Based on a Modified Non-Dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm-II in Voltage Source Converter−Multi-Terminal High Voltage DC Grid-Connected Offshore Wind Farms with Battery Energy Storage Systems

Improving the performance of power systems has become a challenging task for system operators in an open access environment. This paper presents an optimization approach for solving the multi-objective scheduling problem using a modified non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm in a hybrid network of meshed alternating current (AC)/wind farm grids. This approach considers voltage and power control modes based on multi-terminal voltage source converter high-voltage direct current (MTDC) and battery energy storage systems (BESS). To enhance the hybrid network station performance, we implement an optimal process based on the battery energy storage system operational strategy for multi-objective scheduling over a 24 h demand profile. Furthermore, the proposed approach is formulated as a master problem and a set of sub-problems associated with the hybrid network station to improve the overall computational efficiency using Benders’ decomposition. Based on the results of the simulations conducted on modified institute of electrical and electronics engineers (IEEE-14) bus and IEEE-118 bus test systems, we demonstrate and confirm the applicability, effectiveness and validity of the proposed approach.

19世紀フィンランドにおける情報アクセスのための実務 : アルヴィドソンら「アーキビスト」による成果について

19世紀フィンランドにおける情報アクセスのための実務 : アルヴィドソンら「アーキビスト」による成果について

Privacy in the library

PurposeThe purpose of this column is to offer a snapshot of privacy in the library today.Design/methodology/approachLiterature review and commentary on this topic that has been addressed by professionals, researchers and practitioners.FindingsIt is significant that library users understand the disruptive nature of the online environment and its impact on privacy. Library users should welcome the controls and protections put in place while working in an open access environment, so that one does not fall victim to privacy breaches. After all, many years ago, the American Library Association codified that privacy is a “fundamental human right”.Originality/valueThe value in exploring this topic is to communicate that privacy in a library is of paramount concern, and constant vigilance is needed to ensure a library user’s right to privacy.

Electric power bidding model for practical utility system

A competitive open market environment has been created due to the restructuring in the electricity market. In the new competitive market, mostly a centrally operated pool with a power exchange has been introduced to meet the offers from the competing suppliers with the bids of the customers. In such an open access environment, the formation of bidding strategy is one of the most challenging and important tasks for electricity participants to maximize their profit. To build bidding strategies for power suppliers and consumers in the restructured electricity market, a new mathematical framework is proposed in this paper. It is assumed that each participant submits several blocks of real power quantities along with their bidding prices. The effectiveness of the proposed method is tested on Indian Utility-62 bus system and IEEE-118 bus system.

A Hybrid Approach for Efficient Privacy-Preserving Authentication in VANET

A vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) serves as an application of the intelligent transportation system that improves traffic safety as well as efficiency. Vehicles in a VANET broadcast traffic and safety-related information used by road safety applications, such as an emergency electronic brake light. The broadcast of these messages in an open-access environment makes security and privacy critical and challenging issues in the VANET. A misuse of this information may lead to a traffic accident and loss of human lives atworse and, therefore, vehicle authentication is a necessary requirement. During authentication, a vehicle’s privacy-related data, such as identity and location information, must be kept private. This paper presents an approach for privacy-preserving authentication in a VANET. Our hybrid approach combines the useful features of both the pseudonym-based approaches and the group signature-based approaches to preclude their respective drawbacks. The proposed approach neither requires a vehicle to manage a certificate revocation list, nor indulges vehicles in any group management. The proposed approach utilizes efficient and lightweight pseudonyms that are not only used for message authentication, but also serve as a trapdoor in order to provide conditional anonymity. We present various attack scenarios that show the resilience of the proposed approach against various security and privacy threats. We also provide analysis of computational and communication overhead to show the efficiency of the proposed technique. In addition, we carry out extensive simulations in order to present a detailed network performance analysis. The results show the feasibility of our proposed approach in terms of end-to-end delay and packet delivery ratio.

A Multi-objective Hybrid Heuristic Approach for Optimal Setting of FACTS Devices in Power System Operation

&lt;p&gt;Improvement of power system performance in terms of increased voltage profile and decreased transmission loss is becoming one of the challenging tasks to the system operators under open access environment. Apart from traditional power flow controlling devices, use of Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS) devices can give an attractive solution for the operation and control of deregulated power system. The type, size, location and number of FACTS devices are to be optimized appropriately in order to get the targeted benefits. In this paper, two FACTS devices, Thyristor Controller Phase Shift Transformer (TCPST) and Interline Power Flow Controller (IPFC) are selected to obtain the required performance such as improvement of voltage profile and loss minimization. To search the optimal location and optimal rating of the selected FACTS devices, a hybrid algorithm which formulated with Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Gravitational Search Algorithm (GSA) is proposed. At the first step, the optimization problem is solved for finding the optimal location of FACTS devices using PSO with an objective of voltage profile maximization and later GSA is implemented to optimize their parameters with an objective of transmission loss minimization. The proposed method is implemented on IEEE 30-bus test system and from the simulation results it can be proved that this technique is well suited for real-time application. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="center"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

A Two-Stage Hybrid Optimization Approach to Improve Transmission System Performance using FACTS Controllers under Open Access Environment

The Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS) controllers have been resolved many technical issues which emerged with deregulated environment. One of such issues is transmission system performance improvement under open access. In this paper, two FACTS controllers, Thyristor-Switched Series Capacitor (TSSC) and Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC) are selected to improve the system performance. At the first stage, the generation schedule under competitive electricity market dispatch model is obtained and at the second stage, the impact of the selected FACTS controllers is analyzed while executing various power transactions. A two-stage hybrid optimization approach using Gravitational Search Algorithm (GSA) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm is adopted to find out the optimal location and parameters of FACTS controller to achieve the required objectives like voltage stability index maximization as well as transmission loss minimization. For case studies, standard IEEE 30 bus test system is used and the simulation results obtained have been validating for real-time adaptability of this proposed method.

The Political Economy of Fisheries Reforms in SSnngal

Fisheries in Senegal are comprised of two sub-sectors: the artisanal sub-sector and the industrial sub-sector. While access to the Senegalese industrial sub-sector is controlled through licensing, making it a regulated form of limited access, the artisanal sub-sector essentially operates in a “quasi” unregulated open access environment. A major challenge presented by the current regulatory system is the need to regulate access to the artisanal sub-sector which represents 90 percent of all catches. In the late 1990s and early 2000s the realization of the shift from fish abundance to systematic depletion of the stock created a sense of urgency and a willingness to reform the way fisheries are managed to prevent an irreversible damage. This paper provides a political economy and historical perspective to analyse the fisheries reforms undertaken in Senegal in the 2000s. We show that while the design of the reform of industrial fisheries has been fairly successful, the reform of artisanal fisheries has been fairly contentious and problematic due to its complexity as well as the diversity of the actors involved. Possible avenues to improve the process of reform are also proposed.

Article processing charges: A new route to open access?

Article Processing Charges (APCs) have recently been studied as a means towards a sustainable Open Access (OA) environment for scholarly communications. However, APCs at any level represent a substantial economic barrier to the authors, institutions, funding agencies and governments that many of its advocates most wish to serve through OA initiatives.

The role of "open" in strategic library planning

Academic libraries are undergoing evolutionary change as emerging technologies and new philosophies about how information is created, distributed, and shared have disrupted traditional operations and services. Additionally, the population that the academic library serves is increasingly distributed due to distance learning opportunities and new models of teaching and learning. This article, the first in this special issue, suggests that in today’s increasingly networked and distributed information environment, the strategic integration of open curation and collection development practices can serve as a useful means for organizing and providing structure to the diverse mass of available digital information, so that individual users of the library have access to coherent contexts for meaningful engagement with that information. Building on insights from extant research and practice, this article proposes that colleges and universities recognize a more inclusive open access environment, including the integration of resources outside of those owned or created by the institution, and a shift toward policies that consider open access research and open educational resources as part of the library’s formal curatorial workflow and collection building. At the conclusion on this article, authors Lisa Petrides and Cynthia Jimes offer a commentary on the six remaining articles that comprise this special issue on Models of Open Education in Higher Education, discussing the significant role that “open” policy and practice play in shaping teaching, learning, and scholarship in the global context of higher education.

A novel compact mass detection platform for the open access (OA) environment in drug discovery and early development

A new ‘compact mass detector’ co-developed with an instrument manufacturer (Waters Corporation) as an interface for liquid chromatography (LC), specifically Ultra-high performance LC® (UPLC® or UHPLC) analysis was evaluated as a potential new Open Access (OA) LC–MS platform in the Drug Discovery and Early Development space. This new compact mass detector based platform was envisioned to provide increased reliability and speed while exhibiting significant cost, noise, and footprint reductions. The new detector was evaluated in batch mode (typically 1–3 samples per run) to monitor reactions and check purity, as well as in High Throughput Screening (HTS) mode to run 24, 48, and 96 well plates. The latter workflows focused on screening catalysis conditions, process optimization, and library work. The objective of this investigation was to assess the performance, reliability, and flexibility of the compact mass detector in the OA setting for a variety of applications. The compact mass detector results were compared to those obtained by current OA LC–MS systems, and the capabilities and benefits of the compact mass detector in the open access setting for chemists in the drug discovery and development space are demonstrated.