Ontological Aspects Research Articles

Man the Interpreter - From Natural Science to Hermeneutics in Swedish Archaeology

The epistemological principles of natural science dominate the archaeological discourse. Methods and theories developed exclusively for natural science are used in archaeology without further ado. Archaeological institutions employ experts on scientific methods. University departments, scholarship foundations and other institutions spend large amounts of money on projects and education with an explicit connection to natural science. The significance and outcome of such projects are hardly ever questioned. In this article the background of the present situation is analysed. It is also argued that archaeologists should pay more attention to life. It is in the ontology of life that we as archaeologists seek a significant meaning in history, not in explanations of present conditions constructed with methods developed for natural science. It is stated that archaeologists should tum to the first science —philosophy —if our mission, which is to explore the ontological aspects of life, shall become explicit in the discourse of archaeology.

Mind and brain: what is the connection? Clinical and philosophical aspects

The analytical review touches on clinical, neurobiological and philosophical problems of the relationship between brain and mind. With regard to the needs of clinical practice, the ontological aspects of consciousness and free will are considered, and some theoretical models of behavioral psychopathology are analyzed. A conclusion is made about the priority in psychiatry of the neurobiological paradigm while maintaining interest in modern forms of interactionist and property dualism.

Analysis of Subject Areas in Preproduction and Shop-Floor Planning

Ontological aspects of subject fields in preproduction systems (CAM and CAPP systems) and shop-floor planning systems (MES systems) are outlined, with a view to subsequent integration of corporate applications at the semantic level. The subject area of CAM systems is found to be a component of the subject area of CAPP systems, while the ontology of CAPP systems and MES systems largely intersects with technological concepts. Preproduction systems and shop-floor planning systems provide the information contexts that must be taken into account in integrating corporate applications.

Bach, Bukowski, genesis

The object of this research is the references to the German composer of the XVIII century – Johann Sebastian Bach in poetry of the classic of modern American literature Charles Bukowski. Special attention is given to the poetic-semiotic and ontological aspects of Bach’s motif in the poetic works of C. Bukowski. The author meticulously examines the nature of mentioned references, categorizing them as the three narrative-ontological types or hypostases, in which the German composer appears in the poetry of C. Bukowski, namely: Bach-ideal, Bach-background, and Bach-father figure. The article employs the method of continuous sampling, interpretation and semantic analysis, motivic analysis, as well as biographical and psychological approaches. The author's special contribution into the research of this topic lies in the conclusion on the Bach’s motif in the poetry of C. Bukowski as a variety of ekphrasis, which suggests a verbal representation not of a single artwork, but of the demiurge (in this case it is Bach) as the creator of entirety of his brilliant compositions.

A practical example of exploratory factor analysis and critical realism.

Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) can link the levels of ontology in critical realism together as described in Summers (2020). To demonstrate how components of the actual can be defined by linking potential factors in the empirical to the theorised generative mechanisms in the real. This article describes one part of a three-part sequential mixed-methods study that used EFA to describe how components of the actual were linked using factors in the empirical to the generative mechanisms in the real. The author theorised three generative mechanisms: the perceived impact of continuing professional development (CPD) on patient care, the motivations for undertaking CPD and the perceived barriers to CPD. He used EFA to test factors from the empirical against these generative mechanisms to identify linking components in the actual. This article shows how components of the actual can be defined using EFA. These components are multifactorial and many factors in the empirical are influenced by different generative mechanisms. Being able to articulate and link the different aspects of ontology enables researchers to define theorised generative mechanisms and link theory to practice.

Three tons of uranium from the International Atomic Energy Agency: diplomacy over nuclear fuel for the Japan Research Reactor-3 at the Board of Governors’ meetings, 1958–1959

ABSTRACT This paper combines renewed attention to science diplomacy with the rising interest in material and ontological aspects of science studies. It examines nuclear diplomacy by reviewing negotiations over three tons of natural uranium that the Japanese government requested from the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) in 1958. The uranium was half the amount required for the Japan Research Reactor-3, which reached criticality in 1962 and became Japan’s first domestically developed nuclear reactor. Japan’s request provided an opportunity to reaffirm the IAEA’s raison d’être and set in motion the process of establishing a safeguarding system against the military use of atomic energy. The IAEA Board of Governors deliberated on the issue from October 1958 to April 1959. Although Japan’s request was generally welcomed, it sparked confrontations between countries that accepted IAEA safeguards and those against them. By analysing the IAEA Board’s official records, this paper shows how the negotiations transformed the uranium into a ‘diplomatic object’.

The method of ontological analysis and its application in Ghazal Analysis

Ontology is the science of being, one of the oldest parts of philosophy. Originally founded by the Greek philosopher Aristotle, this concept was scientifically substantiated by R. Goklenius and I. Klauberg. While N. Hartmann discovered new aspects of ontology, Roman Ingarden was one of the first scholars to apply this concept to works of art. Ismail Tunali, who created a large-scale study that summarized the views of N. Hartmann and R. Ingarden, contributed to the popularity of the method of ontological analysis in the study of works of art. The tradition of applying this method to classical works, especially ghazals, was started by YavuzBayram, DemirTokel, and continued by many other researchers. This article describes one of the modern methods of studying works of art-the method of ontological analysis. The origins of this method, its founders, the history of its development are briefly described. The essence, main aspects and principles of the method are also covered. Its potential in analyzing the form and content of classical literary works, including ghazals, and in conveying its external and internal meanings to readers has been explored.

Philosophical reflections on the information society in the context of a security-creating paradigm

The article, based on theoretical discourse, analysed the main approaches to the basic axiological characteristics of the information society. It is established that the main characteristic of a modern information society is the presence of people, who are capable of critical thinking. Axiological, epistemological and ontological aspects reveal the philosophical aspects of the reviewed definition. The ontological aspect of information security fixates a situation designed to deal with the risk, whose purpose is to ensure the integrity of the object and the steady state of the information environment. Anthropological aspect of the concept reveals the security of the subject of information interaction. The axiological component of the concept of 'information security' reflects the values and goals that determine the information needs of man. The hypothesis that information security is a complex phenomenon of modern civilisation objective development, is aimed at promoting the harmonious development of the information society.

Автономия метафизики: Онтология кантианства в работах философов аналитической традиции

The article presents a critical analysis of the influence of I. Kant's ideas on the work of analytical philosophers. It is substantiated the thesis on the independence of Kantian ontology from transcendental epistemology. The article investigated possible areas of integration for various aspects of Kantian ontology and epistemology in the theories of a number of analytical philosophers (P. F. Strawson, W. V. O. Quine), who were directly influenced by I. Kant's ideas. A semantic analysis of the concepts they use does not confirm the hypothesis about the evolutionary influence of Kantian transcendental epistemology on the ontological aspects of the works of analytical philosophers (ontology of language, logical-semantic concepts, notions of proposition and modality, categories of particulars and universals)

Ideology in College English Teaching under the Background of Courses for Ideological and Political Education

The research on ideological issues has been studied for a long time, but it has not been widespread in all the research areas. The numbness and even indifference of the public to the ideological issues is precisely the biggest crisis in dealing with this situation. This paper invests and analyzes ideological data of university English teaching from cognitive competence, environment, features and measures under nowadays background. At the same time, this paper supplies some useful measures of consolidating ideological security from five aspects of ideological understanding, language ontology, political tutelage, internet plus innovation and social attribute of language.

Consciousness and the Laws of Physics

We have a much better understanding of the dynamics and ontology of physics than we do of consciousness. I consider ways in which intrinsically mental aspects of fundamental ontology might induce modifications of the known laws of physics, or whether they could be relevant to accounting for consciousness if no such modifications exist. I suggest that our current knowledge of physics should make us sceptical of hypothetical modifications of the known rules, and that without such modifications it's hard to imagine how intrinsically mental aspects could play a useful explanatory role.

Ontological and gnoseological aspects of the Russian northern tradition

Ontological and gnoseological aspects of the Russian northern tradition

Верификационная онтология: переосмысление древнегреческой философии

This article proposes a revision of the traditional interpretation of ancient Greek ontology and indicates what consequences this revision may have for political reflection. The basis for the interpretation laid out here lies in classicist Charles H. Kahn’s work on the meaning and function of the verb “to be” (einai) in ancient Greek. Kahn asserts that the original and fundamental meaning of einai was veritative (veridical) rather than existential – it was used to signify truth, not existence. Though the significance of Kahn’s research has been widely acknowledged, the influence of his analyses on interpretations of Greek ontology seems disproportionately small in comparison. The veritative interpretation remains on the margin of studies dominated by the existential interpretation. My article is meant as a contribution to the project of building a veritative interpretation of Greek ontology. I intend to show, using certain examples, the forms of this interpretation and possibilities it presents. For scholars of ancient Greek philosophy, it is often difficult to distinguish between its ontological and epistemological aspects. As I will try to show, this state of affairs results from a post factum imposition of the existential interpretation on Greek thought. The problem is greatly reduced when we use the veritative paradigm in place of the existential paradigm. It also becomes easier to grasp the unity of Greek philosophy, especially the unity of ontology and epistemology. A veritative interpretation of Greek ontology carries with it important consequences for our understanding of Greek political philosophy as well. One of the key consequences is a “formal” (as opposed to “material”) understanding of concepts fundamental to Greek political reflection, such as the “good” and “justice.” As a result, discussion on ancient Greek political and legal reflection can be conducted from a fruitful new perspective.

PHENOMENOLOGICAL POETICS OF A LYRIC WORK: METHODOLOGICAL ASPECT

The goal of this article is to present the methodological foundations of the phenomenological poetics of a literary work. The subject of the research is the principles of the phenomenological approach to poetological foundations, the object is the structural-semantic, textual-semiotic features of the lyric work. The author summarizes the experience of different concepts of the phenomenological approach to revealing the essence of the receptive strategy of both artistic consciousness and research practice. The main attention is paid to the structure of artistic consciousness, the peculiarities of its intentional nature, reveals the specificity of various types of reduction, allowing to penetrate into the essence of artistic experience, its aesthetic reception. The article puts forward the concept of a phenomenological interpretation of the structure of a poetic text at the syntagmatic and paradigmatic levels, a metaphysical understanding of the traditionally semiotic concepts of syntagmatics and paradigmatics, which formally set the landmarks of text boundaries in their horizontal and vertical deployment. Based on the ontological and phenomenological aspects of the consideration of artistic space, the text appears as a phenomenon that goes beyond the limits of its own sign definition, becoming an essential-valuable “determinant” and regulator of artistic and research intentions, implying different ways and levels of subjective expression in poetic discourse. In addition to the basic, phenomenological approach, the research methodology consists of the principles of “ontological poetics”, “receptive aesthetics”.

КОНЦЕПТ «ТРАДИЦИОНАЛИЗМ» В КОНТЕКСТЕ ИСТОРИЧЕСКОЙ ПОЭТИКИ И СОВРЕМЕННОГО ЛИТЕРАТУРОВЕДЕНИЯ

This article examines the history of the transformation of the term "traditionalism" in literary criticism. The goal is to comprehend and theoretically substantiate the concept of "traditionalism" in the light of general questions of philosophy and the axiology of creativity; in particular, to investigate the invariant content of traditional creative consciousness (in the interconnection of its ontological and poetological aspects) and the prerequisites for its historical variability.

ВИРТУАЛЬНОЕ ПРОСТРАНСТВО КАК НОВЫЙ ТИП ИСКУССТВЕННОЙ СРЕДЫ

The beginning of the information age is associated with the intensive development of fundamentally new information technologies. On their basis, the screen culture is formed generating the formation and development of the virtual reality sphere. This artificially created space is a consequence of scientific progress, the result of technological innovations. Virtual reality is currently perceived as an integral part of social life, as a socio-cultural environment, as a living space of a person. In turn, the virtual environment affects the man himself. The impact of this sphere is one of the central moments in the profound transformations of the lifestyle and mentality of our contemporary. In this regard, there are complex problems associated with understanding the expansion of screen technology, with the paradox of the existence of artificial worlds. Virtual reality is becoming more and more widespread in various fields, including art, especially cinema, gaming and entertainment. Being an integral attribute of modern civilization, it has a contradictory, paradoxical character. It is marked by an anthropic principle, a variety of interpretations, and polarization of social assessments. The article considers its genetically mediated features, ontological, social, axiological and communication aspects. As a result of this analysis, conclusions are drawn about the emergence of new trends in social life and in art.

Metaphysical settings of architecture according to the theо-anthropocentric paradigm of Justin Popovic

The basic truths of architecture have been forgotten. This paper searches for the solution in the knowledge of metaphysical settings of architecture. More precisely, the metaphysical aspects of ontology, gnoseology, axiology and methodology; which together represent the basic criteria of a scientific paradigm. The initial question must be gnoseological, i.e. - what is the raison d??tre of architecture? The analysis leads to an assumption that without knowing the metaphysics of man there can be no knowledge of the metaphysics of architecture; that is, a conclusion can be drawn that the problem of metaphysic of man in architecture has not been posed. Therefore, man must be the main issue of architecture, as well as of this paper. Given that the problem of knowledge in general sense, and therefore of man, is also of theological and philosophical nature, in this paper, the problem of man is understood as a gnoseological choice; namely: the choice between man as man-god (man is the source of knowledge) and man as god-man (God is the source of knowledge). Respectively, there is a choice between historical antipodes, the paradigm of anthropo-theocentrism and the paradigm of theo-anthropocentrism. In this paper, I argue that the issue of god-man and the paradigm of Orthodox theoanthropocentrism, as interpreted by Justin Popovic, is potentially the most comprehensive solution to the problem of raison d??tre of man, and architecture that he creates. Discussion and analysis have established that, in this pattern, man is seen as a holistic, spiritual and physical entity, whose primary need to be met and his raison d??tre - is deification. Thereby, architecture of orthodox theo-anthropocentrism acquires not only a physical, but also a spiritual, and thus, a holistic dimension. It may represent a symbolic means (through sensory and primarily visual representation) of man?s ascension to God. Theo-anthropocentric paradigm solves the metaphysical foundations and potentially forms more holistically organized architecture that meets the equally holistic, spiritual and physical, needs of man. Its material manifestation is determined by only one criterion - deification.

Удовольствие как предмет логики. К интерпретации «Филеба». Часть I

The task of the paper is to determine what is the philosophical meaning of Plato’s Philebus. To define the meaning is to show which way of understanding Phile­bus is the most fruitful, most fully grasping and revealing what forms the sub­stantive core of Plato’s text. It’s no secret that the meaning of Philebus is not at all self-evident. From our point of view, the main subject of the dialogue lies not in the plane of ontology, but in ethics, and what is taken for ontological aspects in Philebus is much more related to the logical and methodological conditions for solving the main ethical problem. Therefore, in this article an attempt was made to show that the key themes of Philebus(the problem of the one-many, the relationship of the four kinds of beings, the theory of false pleasures) are inter­nally related. The question of the relationship between the one and the many is raised in connection with the clarification of the question of the logical status of pleasure. Division into four kinds (limit, unlimited, mixture, reason) is the ful­fillment of the methodological requirement for the necessity of division. The ana­lysis of pleasures following this methodological introduction examines pleasure in an entirely new light, in the light of truth/falsity.

Negotiative Hermeneutics of Khaled Abou El Fadl: Truth Postponement and Negotiating The Meaning of Text in Speaking In God's Name

This study aims to map the ontological and epistemological aspects of Negotiative Hermeneutics through a philosophical approach. Negotiative Hermeneutics is a new hermeneutic model initiated by Khaled Abou El Fadl to criticize gender-biased and misogyny fatwas issued by Al-Lajnah ad-Dā`imah li al-Buhūts al-'Ilmiyyah wa al-Iftā`, or the Fatwa Committee Saudi Arabia. Prioritizing texts understanding through a psychological, social context, and other perspective makes this model different from other hermeneutics. Negotiative Hermeneutics more focuses on the negotiation process for sustainable in the three pillars of hermeneutics: author, text, and reader. This iterative process on linguistic, cultural, etc. This study analyzed the weaknesses of the Negotiative Hermeneutics negotiation movement based on the misogyny fatwa case of the Saudi Arabian Fatwa Committee using the critical discourse analysis method. The results indicated that the text is ontologically sacred and authoritative; authorship of the Quran and the Prophet Sunnah stopped at the first author. The epistemological viewed meaning is obtained from endless negotiations among the three pillars of hermeneutics. The weakness is Khaled's disregard for the fact that the ulama's fatwa depends on royal authority. Last, the significance of this paper, especially regarding the shortcomings in Khaled's theory, is to present evidence that a fatwa produced by the ulama's ijtihad is not autonomous at all, even from the ulama itself, because it is also the result of a bargaining chip between ulama and the royal authority

Imagologia a konstruktywizm

The author considers the problem of creating images, namely its psychological and ontological aspects. Based on the assumption that mental representation is not a mimetic reproduction of objective reality, but a reference to mutually imputed collective knowledge, the author discusses various factors of this situation. The concept proposed by the author is based on presumption that the measure of the compatibility of the image and its designate is the content dispersion occurring in society, i.e. the number of different points of view. In the constructivist model, imaging is based on communication as a modus of the social system, in this case there is a diversification of viewpoints, and the compatibility of the image with its designate is close to 0.