Ontario Agricultural College Research Articles

History of the Department of Chemistry at the University of Guelph

A review of the 150 year history of the Department of Chemistry at the University of Guelph is presented. The department was formed at the creation of the Ontario School of Agriculture in 1874. It was a central figure in the growth of the school into the Ontario Agricultural College. With the creation of the University of Guelph in 1964, the department developed into a modern research chemistry department, tasked with the instruction of chemistry for science students at the university. It continues to this day to be a key source of chemical research and education.

University of Florida Potato Variety Trials Spotlight: ‘Yukon Gold’

‘Yukon Gold’ is a fresh market potato variety selected from the progeny of a cross between W5279-4 and ‘Norgleam’ and tested under the pedigree G6666-4Y. It was released jointly by Agriculture Canada and Ontario Agricultural College, University of Guelph, Canada in 1981. In Florida, ‘Yukon Gold’ demonstrates high yield and good tuber characteristics compared to the commercial standard ‘La Chipper’. Tuber production and quality results provided in this publication are from Florida Potato Variety Trials conducted at the UF/IFAS Hastings Agricultural Extension Center between 1999 and 2019.

The Ontario Veterinary College and the Establishment of the University of Guelph

This paper examines the creation of the University of Guelph in the early 1960s from the perspective of the Ontario Veterinary College, one of the University’s three founding colleges. We argue that although there were concerns that OVC would be overshadowed if it were to join a traditional university, the prospect of the creation of the University of Guelph was greeted largely with enthusiasm and the College benefitted from a close association with a traditional university. Nevertheless the faculty and alumni of OVC were genuinely concerned that joining a traditional university would hamper its ability to train veterinarians and divert much needed funding to other disciplines. In contrast, in its sister school the Ontario Agricultural College, any fears associated with joining a university came from politicians and administrators rather than from within Ontario’s agricultural community.

John Galt: Observations and Conjectures on Literature, History, and Society. Edited by Regina Hewitt.

Regina Hewitt, ed., John Galt: Observations and Conjectures on Literature, History, and Society (Bucknell University Press, 2012) viii + 382 $85.00 Before I discuss Regina Hewitt's excellent new edited collection, Johri Galt: Observations and Conjectures on Literature, History, and Society, a disclosure is necessary: I was born and raised in the town Galt founded in 1827, in what was then Upper Canada. When my parents moved to Guelph, Ontario in the early 1970s, it was still a relatively small city of no more than 50,000 souls. An indoor shopping mall was planned, but not yet built, on former farmland; the University of Guelph, originally the Ontario Agricultural College, was the biggest employer; and the Catholic Church of our Lady, at the top of Norfolk Street, was the most recognizable landmark. The latter statement still holds true, but on my most recent visit, almost two decades after I first moved away, the changes were at least as palpable as the continuities. The Guelph population has swelled to over 120,000; manufacturing, including biotechnology and agri-business, is now the biggest employment sector; what used to be the south edge of town, where I grew up, is now closer to the middle as commuter developments serving Toronto (fifty minutes to the east when the traffic is passable), stretch for several miles. The misnamed Speed River still flows through the limestone downtown, but sleek government buildings and high-tech research centers are almost as prominent as the increasingly anachronistic church on the hill. The newly renovated and expanded City Hall is still watched over, however, by a statue of john Galt, the founding father. I have vague memories of learning about Galt sporadically in elementary school: I seem to recall being told he chopped down a tree in what is now St. George's Square in downtown Guelph, put his hand on the stump, and declared a road would stretch in each of his fingers' directions. As it turns out, Galt himself encouraged such myth-making, recording in his autobiography that when he and two other men in his Canada Company felled the first tree (a maple, of course) in the area, it fell with a crash of accumulating thunder, as if ancient nature were alarmed at the entrance of social man into her innocent solitudes. Although the echoes of Jean-Jacques Rousseau in the above quotation immediately suggest Galt's high degree of educated self-consciousness, it was not until graduate school that I learned he was something other than a Canadian Paul Bunyan: that he was, in fact, a Scottish novelist of real significance as well as past popularity. As Regina Hewitt notes in her introduction to this capacious new collection of essays on Galt's writings, the causes of his long posthumous dwelling in literary obscurity can be traced at least in part to his own penchant for self-effacement. Like many ambitious Scotsmen of his generation, Galt seems to have been reluctant to be known primarily as an author; in fact, his initial, two-volume Autobiography (1833) so slighted his literary accomplishments that he was pressured to write a three-volume supplement to account for them more fully. Gerard Carruthers develops this line of biographical inquiry further in his opening essay, observing that even in his hometown of Greenock, Galt's iconic status lags far behind that of either the inventor James Watt, or Highland Mary Campbell, one of Robert Burns' most famous lovers (33). Could this relative paucity of hometown memorialization reflect the fact that Galt frequently, albeit quietly, appeared to satirize the inhabitants of the towns and villages of Western Scotland in his best-known novels and stories? Or--as Ken McNeil suggests in his essay on Galt's late fiction, Bogle Corbet; or, The Emigrants (1831)--is it because his Ontario adventuring and subsequent turn toward early colonial/ imperial Fiction continues effectively to bar Galt from being firmly claimed by either side of the Atlantic? …

Sir William C. Macdonald: A Biography (review)

Reviewed by: Sir William C. Macdonald: A Biography Terry Crowley (bio) William Fong . Sir William C. Macdonald: A Biography. McGill-Queen's University Press. xx, 316. $34.95 Has Canadian philanthropy changed over the centuries? After the First World War and for many decades it was common to bemoan the parsimony of Canada's plutocracy as the product of an English/Scots/Irish meanness that stood in marked contrast to generous endowments made by the rich in the United States. Such unfavourable comparisons acknowledged ideological differences between the two countries; Americans favoured free enterprise, it was argued, and Canadians, partially in response to the severity of climate, inclined towards collective action based on government initiative. Canadians could not let people starve on the streets in winter. Still, such contrast generally neglected differences in size and relative wealth between the two countries as well as differing tax policies, since writeoffs in the United States were treated more generously. In the thin history of Canadian philanthropy, SirWilliamC. Macdonald of Montreal tobacco fame was usually singled out along with the agricultural-implement Massey family as exceptions to general Canadian niggardliness. Both Macdonald and the Masseys began their major donations in the late nineteenth century when business and commerce reaped the avails of improved transport on land and sea. Technological innovation and a rising North American population increased profits while taxes were imposed not on incomes but on the general populace through tariffs, fees, and excises. The Masseys are much better known than William Macdonald as a result of their prominence in the movie industry and diplomacy, especially since Vincent Massey become Canada's first native-born Canadian governor general in 1952. Prior to this biography by Montreal historianWilliam Fong, SirWilliam Macdonald had been known only to a few through snippets and patches. Commissioned by the Macdonald Stewart Foundation, this first study brings together facets of Macdonald's life into a coherent whole. Born in Prince Edward Island in 1831, William Macdonald lived a long life ending in 1917. Fong's work is based on a wide variety of archival sources hitherto unexplored. Although the background on the man's family origins is so extended that it might deter the undedicated from reading further, the account of Macdonald's business activities and especially his philanthropy adds immeasurably to both our knowledge and understanding. The evidence adduced suggests that William Macdonald hoped - through works such as Macdonald Institute at the Ontario Agricultural College in Guelph and Macdonald College at McGill University - to create a legacy more glorious than the strain left on his temperament by the tobacco business in which he realized such [End Page 593] immense profits. His background in the nineteenth century and experience with both the United Kingdom and the United States imbued him with belief in progress and technological improvement. As someone who never married - living with his mother and sister for a number of years - William Macdonald grew isolated and increasingly irascible as he aged. His major philanthropy expanded greatly after he reached fifty-five years of age. Curt and often cutting with family members who failed to demonstrate the self-discipline he exemplified, Macdonald provided large donations and received acclaim that gave distinction to his life in a manner that he was otherwise unable to obtain. One thus suspects that while philanthropy has changed in certain regards over the centuries, its fundamental grounding in complex psychology and the need for more permanent and pleasing presence beyond the tears of this transitory life has remained the same over time. President Liliane Stewart of the Macdonald Stewart Foundation is to be commended for long supporting this and other worthwhile ventures in the history of Canada. AuthorWilliam Fong has gone on more recently to publish a biography of Montreal philanthropist J.W. Connell, who established the first major foundation in the country. Vehicles for philanthropy may change, the extent of philanthropy may vary with conditions, but the results continue to be seen in socially beneficial ways. Terry Crowley Terry Crowley, Department of History, University of Guelph Copyright © 2010 University of Toronto Press Incorporated

Ontario Agriculture in the 1910s: The Move Toward Regional Specialization in Crop Production

Until the beginning of the 1910s, mixed farming was the most common type of agriculture in Ontario and was based on "self-subsistence": the farm family produced as many of the essentials of life as possible and traded for the other things they needed. During the decade 1910-1920, specialization was recognized as the most practical way to earn a comfortable living at farming. There were two important reasons for this move: the recognition that all crops were not adapted to each climatic and geographic region of Ontario; and the desire to farm according to the principles of soil conservation or "good farming" while still maximizing profits. The Ontario Department of Agriculture in conjunction with the Ontario Agricultural College at Guelph was very active in conducting research and extension work. Through these programs, farmers were able to choose the particular crops and soil management systems which were the best for them.

Annual Meeting, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, 2007 / Réunion annuelle, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, 2007

Annual Meeting, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, 2007 / Réunion annuelle, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, 2007

Stand Structural Dynamics of North American Boreal Forests

Stand structure, the arrangement and interrelationships of live and dead trees, has been linked to forest regeneration, nutrient cycling, wildlife habitat, and climate regulation. The objective of this review was to synthesize literature on stand structural dynamics of North American boreal forests, addressing both live tree and coarse woody debris (CWD) characteristics under different disturbance mechanisms (fire, clearcut, wind, and spruce budworm), while identifying regional differences based on climate and surficial deposit variability. In fire origin stands, both live tree and CWD attributes are influenced initially largely by the characteristics of the stand replacing fire and later increasingly by autogenic processes. Differences in stand structure have also been observed between various stand cover types. Blowdown and insect outbreaks are two significant non-stand replacing disturbances that can alter forest stand structure through removing canopy trees, freeing up available growing space, and creating microsites for new trees to establish. Climate and surficial deposits are highly variable in the boreal forest due to its extensive geographic range, influencing stand and landscape structure by affecting tree colonization, stand composition, successional trajectories, CWD dynamics, and disturbance regimes including regional fire cycles. Further, predicted climate change scenarios are likely to cause regional-specific alterations in stand and landscape structure, with the implications on ecosystem components including wildlife, biodiversity, and carbon balance still unclear. Some stand structural attributes are found to be similar between clearcut and fire origin stands, but others appear to be quite different. Future research shall focus on examining structural variability under both disturbance regimes and management alternatives emulating both stand replacing and non-stand replacing natural disturbances. Referee: Professor Andrew Gordon, Department of Environmental Biology, Ontario Agricultural College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1 Canada

Organizing Rural Women: The Federated Women's Institutes of Ontario, 1897-1919 (review)

Reviewed by: Organizing Rural Women: The Federated Women's Institutes of Ontario, 1897-1919 Nancy Mandell Margaret C. Kechnie , Organizing Rural Women: The Federated Women's Institutes of Ontario, 1897-1919. Montreal & Kingston: McGill-Queen's University Press, 2003. Much of Canadian sociology focuses on urban matters, often, neglecting the rich history of rural women's activities. With her detailed account of the formation of the Federated Women's Institutes, one of the earliest rural women's groups in Ontario, Margaret Kechnie draws our attention to the life and times of farm and small-town women in the early 1900s. Using first-hand documents [End Page 379] from meetings, speeches, annual reports and government sources, Kechnie traces the beginnings of the Women's Institutes (W.I.) at a meeting in Stoney Creek in 1897 to its eventual federation in 1919. One question anchors Kechnie's analysis: How is it possible that a group to which farmers were initially so antagonistic and openly scornful could achieve, thirty years later, widespread provincial influence? Her answer is succinct: rural Ontario women "stole" the W.I. from its originators, the Department of Agriculture, and reshaped it to meet their needs. At the turn of the century, Ontario farmers faced many challenges: a crippling depression, depopulation of rural areas, and the application of industrial production methods to farming. The Ontario Department of Agriculture, in cooperation with its agent. The Ontario Agricultural College (OAC), initiated strategies to modernize farming including introducing productivity-enhancing technology, educating farmers on public health issues, and championing a domestic ideology of separate work spheres for men and women. The W.I., Kechnie shows, was an instrument created, funded and managed by the Ontario government in its attempt to professionalize farming and eradicate the "superstitious and stick-in-the-mud" ideas that the government felt characterized much of the thinking within the farm community. Rather than continuing the myth that the W.I. enjoyed widespread grassroots support from its inception, Kechnie reveals the early attempts to organize the W.I. as a failure. Using firsthand materials to support her arguments, Kechnie provides an in-depth look at the early responses to government attempts to regulate the lives of rural women. The 1898 first annual report of the Stoney Creek branch, for example, shows many members bewildered by the aims and objectives of the group while others seemed indifferent and still others overtly hostile. Initially advertised as a "social" group for farm women, the W.I. had a vague name, an overtly patriotic motto of "For Home and Country", and am ambiguous mandate of promoting better living. It had little appeal to farm women struggling daily to eke out a living. It refused to acknowledge farm women's essential income-producing activities, refused to assist them in marketing their produce, and refused to help women cope with their dual roles as homemakers and income experts. Instead, in its early years, the W.I. produced volumes of irrelevant and impractical information. Rather than addressing structural problems that hindered modernization, such as the lack of affordable hydroelectric power, immunization, contagious diseases, emergency health care, and mishaps with farm animals, the W.I. avoided topics of crucial importance to farm women. Although Kechnie does not label it as such, early, state-sponsored organizing by the W.I. represents a bold attempt at moral and social regulation. Take the example of Laura Rose, a single career woman, OAC instructor and dairy [End Page 380] expert. In 1906, in an address to an annual W.I. meeting, Rose's speech entitled "The Womanly Sphere of Woman" articulates the ideology of domesticity. Men, using the latest technology, should carry out agricultural work traditionally done by women, including dairying. The increased profits would allow men to further modernize their operations. Applying time-saving techniques to home and farm would provide women with increased energy and time to enjoy leisure pursuits that would equip them spiritually and emotionally. A healthier and more contented farm population would result if both men and women embraced new ideals and new technology. In her 1911 texbook "Farm Dairying", Rose placed the problems associated with poor dairy problems squarely on the shoulders of the farm women...

Equine Reproductive Physiology, Breeding and Stud Management. Second Edition. By M C G Davies Morel. Wallingford (United Kingdom) and New York: CABI Publishing. $65.00 (paper). vii + 374 p; ill.; index. ISBN: 0–85199–643–4. 2003.

Previous articleNext article No AccessAnimal SciencesEquine Reproductive Physiology, Breeding and Stud Management. Second Edition. By M C G Davies Morel. Wallingford (United Kingdom) and New York: CABI Publishing. $65.00 (paper). vii + 374 p; ill.; index. ISBN: 0–85199–643–4. 2003.Mary M BuhrMary M BuhrAnimal & Poultry Science, Ontario Agricultural College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada Search for more articles by this author Animal & Poultry Science, Ontario Agricultural College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, CanadaPDFPDF PLUSFull Text Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by The Quarterly Review of Biology Volume 79, Number 2June 2004 Published in association with Stony Brook University Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/423090 Views: 7Total views on this site PDF download Crossref reports no articles citing this article.

The College on the Hill: A New History of the Ontario Agricultural College, 1874-1999 (review)

Writing effective higher-education institutional histories is never easy. Too often, charting the development of universities in Canada has fallen into, rather than avoided, the pitfalls of mundanity, as if the history is allegorically representing the mortar itself. Chapter by chapter, the rise of the institution is hagiographically documented, through the laying of the cornerstone to the establishment of the mandate, to the appointment of [End Page 165] the administrators, the hiring of the professors, and the enrolment of the first students, then onto the success of these three groups of people over time. The university is on the road inevitably to bigger and better things. Histories are written to explain a current, most often positive, institutional disposition or embodiment and are endemically imbued with an intellectual bias. These parochialisms are difficult to avoid, even in the presence of a strong argumentative thesis.

Obituary/Notice Necrologique

Dr. Lloyd George Reeds was one of the founding fathers of Canadian geography. Although not the first geographer at McMaster University, he effectively created the Department of Geography there, and steered it successfully through its first dozen years. Lloyd was born on a farm near Lindsay, Ontario, and agriculture remained his principal academic specialty throughout his career. In 1940 he received his B.A. from Toronto University, and was awarded the Canadian Geographical Society Scholarship. He received his M.A. from Toronto University in 1942 with the thesis 'The Agricultural Geography of the Lindsay-Peterborough Region'. After a brief stint teaching at the Ontario Agricultural College, he joined the Royal Canadian Navy and served for the duration of the war. Following the war he returned to Toronto University to commence work on his doctorate. It was Professor George Putnam who assigned him the task of analyzing the agriculture of Southern Ontario. Dr. Putnam is reputed to have said: I have taken care of the geomorphology of Southern Ontario; now you handle the agriculture. In pursuing the research, Lloyd drove along every road in Southern Ontario and interviewed hundreds of farmers. The result was the impressive thesis, 'The Agricultural Geography of Southern Ontario', for which he was awarded a Ph.D. in 1956. Prior to this in 1948 at the request of J. Wreford Watson, then the geographer at McMaster University, Reeds came to McMaster to teach. Within a year Dr. Watson had left to head the Geographical Branch in Ottawa, and Reeds was left alone not only with geography but also with anthropology. As only an acting chairman (Watson was technically on a leave of absence), Reeds faced the awesome task of establishing a department while scrounging for both space and personnel, and yet continuing his own thesis research. It is important then to realize that the highly respected department that ensued was a product of this one man's vision and efforts. He and his colleagues were required to teach a number and breadth of courses which would strike a current academic with horror. He introduced field work in the surrounding area, both rural and urban, and shared a September field camp with the University of Toronto. The future of a department is often determined by the quality of its initial permanent appointments. Within his twelve year span as chairman, Lloyd Reeds created a first rate honours program and a Masters' probram, and the first course approved in the province for Type-A teaching certification (for high school teachers). By the time he stepped down from the chairmanship in 1961 a solid core of five members had been formed as a basic cadre for the great expansion that was to follow (these were Lloyd himself, Harold Wood, Lou Gentilcore, Derek Ford and Andrew Burghardt). In the 1960s, the department expanded and deepened, and a doctorate program was begun. …

CONSTANTINUS (STAN) GERHARDUS VAN ZYLL DE JONG: 1934–1996

Stan van Zyll de Jong as curator at the National Museum of Natural Sciences (now Canadian Museum of Nature) about 1983 Constantinus (Stan) van Zyll de Jong was born in Bandung, Java, Netherlands East Indies (now Indonesia), 7 May 1934, of Dutch colonial parents. Stan's grandfather owned a tea plantation on Java, his father was an engineer for the Dutch government in the East Indies, and his mother, the daughter of a Dutch Reform Church minister, met and married Stan's father in the East Indies. During World War II, the family was interned by the Japanese. After the war, the family returned to the Netherlands. Stan graduated from high school in the Netherlands in 1954, then briefly served with the Royal Dutch Marines. In 1956, Stan and his older brother left the Netherlands and immigrated to British Columbia, where Stan worked at a variety of labor jobs including a brief stint as a ‘chokerman’ in a logging crew on Vancouver Island. He attended the Ontario Agricultural College (now the University of Guelph), graduating in 1961 with a B.S.A. degree in Wildlife Management. Van Zyll de Jong obtained his M.S. degree from the University of Alberta in 1963. …

Educational experiences with environmental farm plans in a case‐study setting

One of the higher agricultural education tools being used in Canada is environmental farm plans (EFPs) in a case‐study setting. Initiated in Ontario in the early 1990's, EFPs were developed by farmers in response to growing threats of public intervention to enforce compliance with environmental standards. All farming activities are assessed for their risk of environmental damage within the scope of an integrated stewardship plan for air, soil, water, wildlife habitat and wildlife resources. The Ontario Agricultural College (OAC) at the University of Guelph uses EFPs as a case‐study method of teaching theoretical, practical and experimental aspects of conservation and stewardship. Small groups of students work under the supervision of OAC multi‐disciplinary team staff in close co‐operation with farmers to develop an EFP for a specific farm. The emphasis is on applying the principles of systemic learning pioneered at the University of Western Sydney at Hawkesbury, New South Wales, Australia. Systemic learning seeks to combine learning for knowing (theoretical knowledge), learning for doing (practical knowledge) and learning from devising new ways of solving problems and addressing issues (experiential knowledge, or learning for being). Oral presentations and written reports by the student groups are used for assessment, as well as for case‐study discussions to enrich the learning process.

The bases of competence: skills for lifelong learning and employability

UNDERSTANDING COMPETENCE. The Humbling Effect: Moving from College to the Workplace. Creating a Common Language about Competence. ESSENTIAL SKILLS AND COMPETENCIES. Managing Self. Communicating. Managing People and Tasks. Mobilizing Innovation and Change. DEVELOPING COMPETENCE. Closing the Gap Between Campuses and Workplaces. Fostering Workplace Skills in the College Curriculum. Building on Collegiate Learning in the Workplace. CASE STUDIES. Teaching World of Work Skills Within a Degree Program: Ontario Agricultural College (A. Auger). Listening to the Customer: External Assessment of Competencies at Babson College (J. Weintraub, et al.). Cultivating Competence to Sustain Competitive Advantage: The Bank of Montreal (J. Logan). Resource: Making the Match Year 3 Questionnaires (Skill Sections) for Students, Graduates, and Managers.

"Spray, Spray, Spray!": insecticides and the making of applied entomology in Canada, 1871-1914.

As insecticides were adopted by Canadian farmers and fruit-growers after 1871, the resources conferred on economic entomology by the Dominion and Ontario governments grew. In 1886, with the establishment of the Experimental Farms system, James Fletcher, the Dominion entomologist and botanist, and his colleagues inherited the task of promoting insecticides to orchardists and others. In 1898-1900, in response to the arrival in Ontario of the San Jose scale, Canada and Ontario adopted laws mandating the use of insecticides, as sprays and fumigants, in orchards and at plant quarantine stations. To meet the resulting demand for trained technicians and scientifically-minded farmers, the institutions of applied entomology federally and at the Ontario Agricultural College were further developed. In 1910, after a decade of rapid diffusion of insecticides, Parliament adopted the Destructive Insects and Pest Act, thus creating a national system of horticultural hygiene.

Wilderness Canoeing in Ontario: Using Cumulative Results to Update Dichotomous Choice Contingent Valuation Offer Amounts

Canadian Journal of Agricultural Economics/Revue canadienne d'agroeconomieVolume 45, Issue 2 p. 178-178 Free Access Wilderness Canoeing in Ontario: Using Cumulative Results to Update Dichotomous Choice Contingent Valuation Offer Amounts Kimberly Rollins, Corresponding Author Kimberly Rollins Department of Agricultural Economics and Business, Ontario Agricultural College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario.1Please address all correspondence regarding this manuscript to Kimberly Rollins, Department of Agricultural Economics and Business, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1.Search for more papers by this authorWill Wistowsky, Will Wistowsky Department of Agricultural Economics and Business, Ontario Agricultural College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario.Search for more papers by this authorMichael Jay, Michael Jay Department of Agricultural Economics and Business, Ontario Agricultural College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario.Search for more papers by this author Kimberly Rollins, Corresponding Author Kimberly Rollins Department of Agricultural Economics and Business, Ontario Agricultural College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario.1Please address all correspondence regarding this manuscript to Kimberly Rollins, Department of Agricultural Economics and Business, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1.Search for more papers by this authorWill Wistowsky, Will Wistowsky Department of Agricultural Economics and Business, Ontario Agricultural College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario.Search for more papers by this authorMichael Jay, Michael Jay Department of Agricultural Economics and Business, Ontario Agricultural College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario.Search for more papers by this author First published: 15 July 2005 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7976.1997.tb00202.xCitations: 1AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article.Citing Literature Volume45, Issue2July 1997Pages 178-178 RelatedInformation

Photosynthetic Response to Chilling in Peanut

Recent evidence suggests peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) may be sensitive to relatively mild night temperature in terms of both dry matter accumulation and yield. The objective of this research was to quantify the effects of a range of night temperatures (9–20 °C) on leaf CO2 exchange rate (CER) of unhardened plants and to study the mechanisms involved in the contrasting response of peanut cultivars to differing night temperature. Four peanut cultivars (Ontario Agricultural College [OAC] Ruby, OAC Garroy, Chico, and Early Bunch) were grown in either controlled‐environment cabinets or outdoors during August and September at Guelph, Ontario. Results of the outdoor study indicated a linear decline in CER as ambient night temperature fell from 20 to 13 °C for all cultivars except OAC Garroy, with OAC Ruby less sensitive to low night temperature than Chico or Early Bunch. Limitations to CER after chilling at 10 °C in the dark were greater for Chico and Early Bunch (CER reduced by ≈35%) than for OAC Ruby and OAC Garroy (CER reduced ≈15%). All cultivars showed the ability to recover CER within 24 to 48 h of alleviation of chilling conditions. Cultivars grown indoors showed differing responses to one or two successive chilling nights (Chico was more affected than all others), but after four successive chilling nights, all cultivars showed a similar linear response to night temperature (i.e., CER = 0.693 × Train + 11.8 ; r2 = 0.90). An analysis of the relative contribution of stomatal and mesophyll constraints to CER in indoor studies (chilled at 9 °C) indicated significant limitations due to each component, with the relative importance dependent on cultivar and chilling period duration. Results suggest that night temperatures may be an important factor in determining relative cultivar performance in cool production environments.

Standardized Analytical Techniques for Bee-Collected Pollen

Existing quantitative palynological techniques (i.e., chemical processing, counting, and numerical analysis of pollen) were adapted for use by entomologists. Particularly important were calculation of pollen concentrations and assessment of pollen volume. Corbicular pellets, honey, larval pollen provision masses, and feces contained pollen exines representative of plants visited by bees. Dietary importance of a plant was assessed from a number of pollen grains and volume. Counts of small pollen grains represented dietary importance adequately (i.e., Larrea and Ambrosia ), whereas counts of large grains (i.e., Cereus and Acacia ) underrepresented dietary importance. Data were presented in graph form and reliability was demonstrated from samples repeatedly drawn from a thoroughly mixed honey bee pollen diet. Corbicular pellets were collected from Apis mellifera (L.) colonies fitted with Ontario Agricultural College pollen traps during 1985 in Pima Canyon, near Tucson, Ariz.; 25 species were present. Results from a bee diet include pollen grains of diverse morphologies and volumes, stressing the importance of adequate sample preparation, chemical processing, and numerical analysis. Use of these methods by apiculturists and melittologists will facilitate direct, justifiable comparison of pollen diets for bees.

Nunc Dimittis

Jacob Edgar Bergey, Emeritus Member of the Poultry Science Association, died on Sunday, May 16, at the Civic Hospital, Peterborough, Ontario. He was born in Petersburg, Ontario, March 18, 1887.He entered the Ontario Agricultural College in 1910, received an Associate Diploma in 1912. He received a B.S.A. degree in 1914 from the University of Toronto (Ontario Agricultural College).He was appointed a Lecturer at the Manitoba Agricultural College on June 1, 1914, becoming Poultry Extension Specialist in 1918. In 1921 he became Manager of a Fruit and Poultry Farm, and later was a Poultry Inspector with the Livestock Branch, Dominion Department of Agriculture. On November 1, 1928, he was appointed Assistant in Poultry Extension, Department of Poultry Husbandry, Ontario Agricultural College. In 1940 he was made Extension Specialist, Grade 2; in 1944, Extension Specialist, Grade 1, and, in 1946, Assistant Professor. He retired on February 1, 1956.In the .