Online Work Research Articles

Methodology of training of potential teachers of musical art (on the example of the materials of the virtual tour «Hryhoriy Skovoroda – an artist, philosopher, and educator»)

The chosen topic becomes especially relevant in terms of military situation in Ukraine, since some of the sights presented in the photos by the authors in the content of the virtual tour retain their original appearance, which may differ from today. The purpose of the article is to substantiate the practical value of a virtual excursion as an effective methodological aid for teaching the school subjects of the art education during pedagogical practice by potential music teachers in the process of providing distance and mixed forms of education.
 To select practical material, the authors use bibliographic, historical, systematic, concentric, and problem methods. The content structuring of the virtual excursion dedicated to the figure of H. Skovoroda is an example of a creative project for online work with students online made by the students of the specialty 014 Secondary Education (Musical Art), who will be able to implement it in the professionally oriented disciplines. It includes interesting tasks for high school students’ work upon the compositions of a famous poet, musician, and educator, organized in pair, group and individual forms.
 The didactic material of the virtual tour was filled based on a systematic analysis of the artist's creative heritage using reproductive and productive methods of high school students’ teaching.
 The authors took into account the algorithms for developing such a form of work with students as: a plan, choosing places for virtual stops, preparing questions and tasks for discussion and completing them independently or in groups. The online format makes it possible to combine various types of artistic activity of students, helps them find and process the artistic thesaurus faster: where, by whom, under what circumstances was the monument created, whether it was preserved intact, restored, or fully restored; what is the historical and artistic value of the monument.
 The presentation of the material enables to find answers to the questions raised by the authors during the journey through the virtual steps of the tour, to receive feedback between future teachers and students during the processing of the stops, which become a sort of didactic compass for the analysis of the texts of the musical and poetic heritage of Hryhoriy Skovoroda, the Kharkiv region role in the life and creativity of the world-famous philosopher and educator.

E-Mentoring Student Researchers through an Undergraduate Field Experience Course - Lessons Learned

This paper is written by a mentor and mentee pair, sharing experiences from both perspectives. The mentor is an American independent public health researcher currently located in Gaza, Palestine. Her research focuses on Islam and Health, Muslim health, E-mentoring and remote research. The mentee, who co-wrote this paper, was a student in Rhode Island, USA, in a fieldwork experience course. In this paper, the pair reflected on their research e-mentoring experience and offer insights for future research mentor-mentee pairs. This paper is split into 4 sections: (1) the benefits of e-mentoring; (2) lessons learned, and policies developed; (3) effective e-mentoring tools and systems, such as the weekly meeting call notes system; e-mentoring internship syllabus agreement, mentee research orientation, and maximizing Google Workspace; and (4) tips from a mentee. One unexpected benefit to being matched with an international mentor, was being exposed to a religion (Islam) and culture (Middle Eastern) she had not been previously exposed to. While forced to remote online work during the pandemic, the authors conclude that e-mentoring offers an effective means to conduct global research, while offering a unique method for cultural or religious awareness. Therefore e-mentoring should be further explored and promoted beyond the pandemic.

Perspectives of practicing school psychologists during COVID-19: A multi-country, mixed methods investigation.

COVID-19 presented a range of challenges to the delivery of school psychology services in countries around the world. The current study aimed to investigate the practices of school psychologists from the United States of America, Australia, Germany, Canada, and the United Kingdom, including changes to practice and exploration of the factors that supported the delivery of school psychology services during the pandemic. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected from 1,030 school psychologists and analyzed using a mixed methods, multiple case study design. Differing impacts of the pandemic on the working hours of school psychologists were reported across countries. Participants in all countries reported a shift to online working, with an increased focus on consultation and intervention and a reduction in psychoeducational assessments. School psychologists from all nations emphazised the importance of self-care strategies, social connections and physical activity and the role of support via supervision or professional networks. Access to appropriate technology and responsive workplace policies and procedures were also identified as important. Results have implications for the internationalization of the school psychology profession and can inform international school psychology planning in response to future crises.

P114 How should we classify on-call workers? A proposed taxonomy for modern working arrangements

Abstract Introduction Research and guidance materials addressing on-call work typically focus on a narrow set of industries (e.g., emergency services, healthcare). However, modern working arrangements are changing. The casualisation of many industries, combined with the rise in online and app-based working arrangements, means that many workers who can be called to work are not included in current on-call literature. We therefore present a proposed taxonomy for classifying a broader range of on-call workers, based on the work and sociodemographic characteristics of on-call workers in Australia. Methods Work arrangements and sociodemographic factors of 1057 Australian adults were assessed in a survey. Questions addressed on-call work undertaken in the previous three months, occupation, work hours, and any non-standard working conditions. Results At least one workday characterised as ‘on-call’ was reported by 45.5% of respondents, with a higher prevalence in younger individuals (63.1% of respondents aged 18–24 years reported working on-call). On-call work was reported in a range of industries, including management, community and personal service workers, sales workers, machinery operators, and drivers. Discussion Findings suggest that previous reports of on-call work prevalence (typically based on traditional on-call industries such as emergency services) likely underestimate the proportion of individuals who consider themselves on-call workers. As a result, on-call work requires a novel classification system that is able to capture non-traditional on-call work and can differentiate between types of on-call working arrangements. A taxonomy including traditional on-call work, gig economy work, relief, or unscheduled work, and out of hours work is presented.

Online Work from Home: Issues and Challenges

Work from home has become a new normal because of COVID pandemic in the business world. However, as the world is recovering from the pandemic through normalizing the business activities, it has posed a tough challenge for existing staff. Keeping a work life balance is an important aspect for the business organizations. The case firm is Oman Arab Bank (OAB), and the research work will emphasize on the issues and challenges of online work from home. Due to technological innovations, work from home allowed flexibility and personalization to the existing staff. The recent pandemic has highlighted the benefits and challenges of working from home. The research paper will use convenient sampling by targeting OAB employees from head office for their working from home. The purpose of this study is to investigate how OAB employees collaborate online work from home (WFH) during pandemic. Shift of working culture will be analyzed based on employee satisfaction levels. Secondary data will be analyzed based on critical literature review of WFH and its issues and challenges faced by employees.

Abstract 143: Does Bystander Gender Make Difference In Outcomes Of Out Of Hospital Cardiac Arrest?

Objective: We hypothesize that there is difference in outcomes of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest according to bystander gender. Methods: We used a nationwide, out-of-hospital cardiac arrest cohort database during 2006-2020. We extracted cases involving patient older than 18 years with presumed cardiac etiology and witnessed arrest, but not by EMS or nursing home worker or medical personnel. The primary outcome was the good neurologic outcome. Secondary outcomes were successful bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation rate which defined that starting bystander CPR and keep going until by EMS arrival and survival outcome. Results: The total number of populations was 24919 patients. Of these, 10413 patients (41.8%) were resuscitated by female bystander. When cardiopulmonary resuscitation by female bystander, patient more likely to achieve good neurological outcome (206(2.0%) vs 235(1.6%), p=0.344), and survival (352(3.4%) vs 400(2.8%), p=0.0046). However, female bystander less likely to do successful cardiopulmonary resuscitation (5730(55.0%) vs 9405(64.8%), p<0.0001). Adjusted odds ratios for good neurologic outcomes, survival and successful bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation rate resuscitated by female bystander, when compared with male bystander, were 1.46 (1.18-1.80), 1.44 (1.23-1.69) and 0.68 (0.64-0.71), respectively. In the interaction model, adjusted odd ratio (95% Confidence interval) for good neurological outcome of patient resuscitated by female bystander was 1.53 (1.21-1.94) in patients who arrested at private place and 1.18 (0.71-1.98) in patients who arrested in public place. Conclusion: Patient who resuscitated by female bystander were more likely to have good neurologic outcome and achieve survival discharge. Effect of bystander gender was increased when patient arrested in private place.

Risk, Resilience and Reward: Impacts of Shifting to Digital Sex Work

Workers from a variety of industries rapidly shifted to remote work at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. While existing work has examined the impact of this shift on office workers, little work has examined how shifting from in-person to online work affected workers in the informal labor sector. We examine the impact of shifting from in-person to online-only work on a particularly marginalized group of workers: sex workers. Through 34 qualitative interviews with sex workers from seven countries in the Global North, we examine how a shift to online-only sex work impacted: (1) working conditions, (2) risks and protective behaviors, and (3) labor rewards. We find that online work offers benefits to sex workers' financial and physical well-being. However, online-only work introduces new and greater digital and mental health risks as a result of the need to be publicly visible on more platforms and to share more explicit content. From our findings we propose design and platform governance suggestions for digital sex workers and for informal workers more broadly, particularly those who create and sell digital content.

The Impact of Remote work During the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Development of Competences in Selected Areas of Project Management

Theoretical background: The growing importance of remote work during the COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on the development of competences in selected areas of project management prompted the authors to conduct research on a group of 82 respondents working remotely on projects at the Project Management Institute Poland Chapter (PMI PC). Purpose of the article: The aim of the article is to show the impact of remote work during the COVID-19 pandemic on the development of competences in selected areas of project management. The study is theoretical and empirical in nature. The theoretical part shows the factors influencing the development of competences and the conditions of remote work. In the empirical part of the survey, employees' opinions on the impact of remote (online) work during the COVID-19 pandemic on the development of competences in selected areas of project management were presented. Five areas of project management were analysed, including: working time, communication, labour costs, risk and conditions for teamwork. Research methods: Literature review and critical analysis of web research. Factor analysis was used for statistical analyses. To isolate the analysed factors, the principal components method was adopted, and the VARIMAX procedure was used as the rotation method. Main findings: The conclusions of the research confirm the hypothesis that the COVID-19 pandemic had a significant impact on remote work, in particular on employee competences, work time and costs, motivation, effective communication and mutual relations between employees. The results of the research broaden the knowledge on the impact of various factors on remote work and the development of competences in selected areas of project management.

Facing the Post-Pandemic Challenges: The Role of Leadership Effectiveness in Shaping the Affective Well-Being of Healthcare Providers Working in a Hybrid Work Mode.

The COVID-19 pandemic has brought new challenges to the medical industry, including hybrid work, in which specialists can perform some of their duties remotely, in addition to physical contact with patients and their teams. Hybrid work provides opportunities, but also generates difficulties (e.g., accurate long-distance diagnosis); therefore, there is a need to ensure the well-being of healthcare workers, especially in the context of leadership strategies. As there is little research on leadership practices in remote and hybrid medical worker management, this study analyses the relationship between certain behavioural strategies and competencies of leaders and the affective well-being of hybrid employees. The research was conducted among a group of employees (N = 135) from seven countries who provide healthcare in a hybrid model. The correlations between the variables showed the statistical significance of all leadership strategies introduced into the model and focused on building involvement (employee empowerment and team orientation), creating a shared vision, defining clear goals and strategies, promoting adaptability (change management, promotion of organisational learning and patient focus), managing consistency through shared values, agreement and effective coordination, as well as competencies such as communicativeness, credibility, self-development and digital readiness. Despite the significance of all the relationships, the linear regression showed that the variability of affective well-being was explained mainly by the adaptability leadership strategy. The results of the study expand the knowledge on the competencies of healthcare leaders, and shed new light on the management of medical employees performing remote and hybrid work. Because such research into well-being has not been published to date, the analysis begins an important discussion on redefining leadership in the healthcare sector, taking into account the digital transformation.

Creativity and partnership

Creativity and partnership

The Value of Netnography for Research in HRD

This paper argues for recognition of Netnography as a necessary methodological innovation for HRD research, enabling the field to address emerging research questions and contribute to theory building at the intersection of technology, work and social life. The paper defines ‘netnography’ and introduces its key methodological underpinnings; illustrates its application and procedures; and considers its benefit to HRD research. We identify three opportunities where Netnography can deliver important advances to HRD theory and practice: investigating hard-to-access online work contexts, such as gig work and other forms of precarious working; exploring marginalised, ‘hidden’, or under-researched voices in online spaces; and extending knowledge of learning in hybrid work environments where physical and digital dimensions are intertwined. We conclude with a call to action by HRD scholars to take forward, and further develop, the Netnographic methodology to contribute to new and inclusive theorizing as a basis for advancements in HRD scholarship and practice.

Mapping the Inclusion of Children and Youth With Disabilities in Media Literacy Research

The way we communicate and make meaning in a complex socio-technical infrastructure demands multiple literacies. Media-literate citizens must be able to create, evaluate and effectively use information, media, and technology. The pandemic context demanded increased online learning and work, highlighting the importance of media literacy in citizens’ lives. Although in recent years, crucial reforms have happened in education for children with disabilities, media education for them is residual and framed on medical concepts neglecting how disability is socially constructed. Aiming to map recent research (2015–2021) in the field of media literacy and children with disabilities, a systematic literature review was conducted. The number of articles obtained from a search for “media literacy and children” in the scientific databases (<em>N</em> = 1,175) supports the relevance of media literacy in research. Filtering these data for “children with disabilities” reveals an inexpressive sample, with 12 articles included in the study after the eligibility phase. The overall results indicate that this population is significantly underrepresented in media literacy research, explained by a low prevalence of studies with disabled children as an audience. Moreover, research designs have shown a greater focus on conceptual approaches, highlighting a deficit of fieldwork and tangible interventions. Strong ableist media discourses emerged as a barrier to the promotion of media literacy in this population, with a clear mismatch between media representations and the current disability paradigms, besides all the positive aspects of the actions registered in the sample.

Holistic Legal Support for Litigants in Person: The North and Mid Wales Law Clinic Partnership

In 2020 the Access to Justice Foundation and Ministry of Justice launched the Legal Support for Litigants in Person (LSLIP) Grant, a two-year programme funding a range of earlier intervention services for litigants in person. Eleven projects were funded to deliver advice on a national, regional, and local scale, to litigants in person at different stages of their problem in various areas of civil and family law. Partnership working and earlier intervention were central to these activities, to achieve improved outcomes for clients. One such project became known as the North and Mid Wales Law Clinic (NMWLC), including seven Local Citizens Advice (CA) branches (six in North Wales plus Powys in Mid Wales) and Bangor University. The NMWLC delivers a service to support Litigants in Person (LiP) at every stage of their journey, providing generalist holistic advice designed to identify LiPs early on, preventing escalation of their legal problems, reducing financial hardship, and resolving issues with information to support self-help. The partnership provides generalist advice, and specialist advice and casework in the areas of Family Law, Employment Law, and Powers of Attorney and Deputyship (the latter being areas where local demand was identified by CA and partners). Through the project law students are supported to train as General Advisers and to assist specialist advisers and caseworkers. The project provided a unique way to develop clinical legal education (CLE), not least as it commenced fully online during the Covid-19 pandemic, focused on preventing escalation of legal problems, including through triage and partnership, and occurred in a small law department where existing provision (aside from in criminal law) was largely based on simulated activity. This article evaluates the first two years of the NMWLC from a CLE perspective, focusing on the experiences of student volunteers, exploring the challenges and opportunities of online working, and how the initiative fits with CLE models.

Strength of Emotional Intelligence in Impacting Organizational Behaviour: An Exploratory Study in the Service Industry in Southern India

Emotional Intelligence or EQ is among the major social skills that impact employee engagement, job satisfaction, customer service and mainly organisational behaviour. The following research has been focused on elaborating on the impact of this specific skill on the organisational behaviour of the service sector of Southern India. In section 1, The Introduction part has highlighted the background of the research, its problem and the aim and objective of conducting the research. In section 2, through the Literature Review, existing studies on the topic have been explored and Bandura’s Social Cognitive Theory has been illustrated. In section 3, suitable methods that have been used in the study have been briefly described. The secondary data collection method has been followed and thematic analysis has been conducted. The results suggest that EQ is crucial for effective performance in the service sector as this industry thoroughly depends on customer service. There are some specific factors that influence organisational behaviour such as environment, mental health condition, structure and others. Emotional intelligence helps employees to control their emotions that improves communication and creates an efficient and flexible workplace. It is identified that consumer-company interaction is the main focus of the service industry of Southern India and emotional intelligence among employees leads to the achievement of this goal. Thereafter, organisational behaviour effects business management and emotional intelligence among employees contributes in improved business management within the service industry of Southern India.

Evaluation of the remote e-working experience

PurposeThis paper aims to review the latest management developments across the globe and pinpoint practical implications from cutting-edge research and case studies.Design/methodology/approachThis briefing is prepared by an independent writer who adds their own impartial comments and places the articles in context.FindingsThe authors of a study of e-workers in Kosovo during the COVID19 pandemic found that work-life balance and job effectiveness had a positive influence on e-workers satisfaction with online working, while flexibility did not show a positive association in this regardOriginality/valueThe briefing saves busy executives, strategists and researchers hours of reading time by selecting only the very best, most pertinent information and presenting it in a condensed and easy-to-digest format.

Transcranial direct current stimulation modulates working memory and prefrontal-insula connectivity after mild-moderate traumatic brain injury.

Background: Persistent posttraumatic symptoms (PPS) may manifest after a mild-moderate traumatic brain injury (mmTBI) even when standard brain imaging appears normal. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) represents a promising treatment that may ameliorate pathophysiological processes contributing to PPS.Objective/Hypothesis: We hypothesized that in a mmTBI population, active tDCS combined with training would result in greater improvement in executive functions and post-TBI cognitive symptoms and increased resting state connectivity of the stimulated region, i.e., left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) compared to control tDCS.Methods: Thirty-four subjects with mmTBI underwent baseline assessments of demographics, symptoms, and cognitive function as well as resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rsfMRI) in a subset of patients (n = 24). Primary outcome measures included NIH EXAMINER composite scores, and the Neurobehavioral Symptom Inventory (NSI). All participants received 10 daily sessions of 30 min of executive function training coupled with active or control tDCS (2 mA, anode F3, cathode right deltoid). Imaging and assessments were re-obtained after the final training session, and assessments were repeated after 1 month. Mixed-models linear regression and repeated measures analyses of variance were calculated for main effects and interactions.Results: Both active and control groups demonstrated improvements in executive function (EXAMINER composite: p < 0.001) and posttraumatic symptoms (NSI cognitive: p = 0.01) from baseline to 1 month. Active anodal tDCS was associated with greater improvements in working memory reaction time compared to control (p = 0.007). Reaction time improvement correlated significantly with the degree of connectivity change between the right DLPFC and the left anterior insula (p = 0.02).Conclusion: Anodal tDCS improved reaction time on an online working memory task in a mmTBI population, and decreased connectivity between executive network and salience network nodes. These findings generate important hypotheses for the mechanism of recovery from PPS after mild-moderate TBI.

Epidemiological characteristics of traumatic spinal cord injuries in a multicenter retrospective study in northwest China, 2017-2020.

BackgroundTraumatic spinal cord injuries (TSCIs) are worldwide public health problems that are difficult to cure and impose a substantial economic burden on society. There has been a lack of extensive multicenter review of TSCI epidemiology in northwest China during the Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.MethodA multicenter retrospective study of 14 selected hospitals in two provinces in northwest China was conducted on patients admitted for TSCI between 2017 and 2020. Variables assessed included patient demographics, etiology, segmental distribution, treatment, waiting time for treatment, and outcomes.ResultsThe number of patients with TSCI showed an increasing trend from 2017 to 2019, while there were 12.8% fewer patients in 2020 than in 2019. The male-to-female ratio was 3.67:1, and the mean age was 48 ± 14.9 years. The primary cause of TSCI was high falls (38.8%), slip falls/low falls (27.7%), traffic accidents (23.9%), sports (2.6%), and other factors (7.0%). The segmental distribution showed a bimodal pattern, peak segments were C6 and L1 vertebra, L1 (14.7%), T12 (8.2%), and C6 (8.2%) were the most frequently injured segments. In terms of severity, incomplete injury (72.8%) occurred more often than complete injury (27.2%). The American Spinal Injury Association impairment scale of most patients did not convert before and after treatment in the operational group (71.6%) or the conservative group (80.6%). A total of 975 patients (37.2%) from urban and 1,646 patients (62.8%) from rural areas were included; almost all urban residents could rush to get treatment after being injured immediately (<1 h), whereas most rural patients get the treatment needed 4–7 h after injury. The rough annual incidence from 2017 to 2020 is 112.4, 143.4, 152.2, and 132.6 per million people, calculated by the coverage rate of the population of the sampling hospital.ConclusionThe incidence of TSCI in northwest China is high and on the rise. However, due to pandemic policy reasons, the incidence of urban residents decreased in 2020. The promotion of online work may be an effective primary prevention measure for traumatic diseases. Also, because of the further distance from the good conditional hospital, rural patients need to spend more time there, and the timely treatment of patients from remote areas should be paid attention to.

The Effectiveness of Online Learning During the Covid-19 Pandemic for Students

The purpose of this study was to reveal the effectiveness of online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic. The method used is a descriptive qualitative case study with a sample of teachers and students at SD Negeri Kendalagung, Kragan, Rembang. This study uses primary data and secondary data. To obtain primary data, conducted interviews and observations of respondents to the object of research. While secondary data obtained from literacy literature, books, journals and previous research results. The results show that to prevent the spread and transmission of COVID-19, online learning must be implemented. However, due to limited human resources and limited availability of facilities and infrastructure, online learning at SD Negeri Kendalagung, Kragan, Rembang has not been effective enough. Teachers also have difficulty measuring students' abilities, because the results of online work carried out by students include intervention and intervention from their respective families.

Analisis Pelaksanaan Pelayanan Publik Berbasis Android Melalui Aplikasi Masaran Komplit

The essence of the quality of public services is the satisfaction of the community. Since the Covid-19 storm appeared in Indonesia in 2020, various sectors of state life have been paralyzed, including the public service sector. All service activities are hampered by health protocols and government policies that require service officers to work online (work from home) which has an impact on decreasing service quality while the demands of community needs are increasing. To improve the quality of public services, Masaran Village carried out digital reforms with the innovation of making an Android-based public service application called the Masaran Komplit application (Maskom). This study aims to determine the quality of public services in Masaran Village after the launch of the Maskom application through the concept of service quality dimensions by Zeithaml, et al. This study used qualitative methods and data collection techniques were carried out by interview, observation, and documentation. The results of the study indicate that the implementation of public services through the Maskom application has experienced a positive increase in various aspects. The Maskom application is a promising solution for Masaran Village in dealing with the Covid-19 pandemic and digitalization

A No-Reference Quality Assessment Method for Screen Content Images Based on Human Visual Perception Characteristics

The widespread application of screen content images (SCIs) has met the needs of remote display and online working. It is a topic that is challenging and worthwhile discussing in research on quality assessment for SCIs. However, existing methods focus on extracting artificial features to predict image quality, which are subjective and incomplete, or lack good interpretability. To overcome these problems, we propose an effective quality assessment method for SCIs based on human visual perceptual characteristics. The proposed method simulates the multi-channel working mechanism of the human visual system (HVS) through pyramid decomposition and the information extraction process of brains with the help of dictionary learning and sparse coding. The input SCIs are first decomposed at multiple scales, and then dictionary learning and sparse coding are applied to the images at each scale. Furthermore, the sparse representation results are analyzed from multiple perspectives. First, a pooling scheme about generalized Gaussian distribution and log-normal distribution is designed to describe the sparse coefficients with and without zero values, respectively. Then the sparse coefficients are used to characterize the energy characteristics. Additionally, the probability of each atom is calculated to describe the statistical property of SCIs. Since the above process only deals with brightness, color-related features are also added to make the model more general and robust. Experimental results on three public SCI databases show that the proposed method can achieve better performance than existing methods.