Online Violence Research Articles

Impacts of Perceived Stress, Neglect, Victim and Respect for Human Rights on Depression of Adolescents.

The purpose of this study was to identify the impacts of perceived stress, neglect, online and offline violence, and respect for human rights on depression. To fulfill the purpose of the study, the data of 6277 middle and high school students (M = 15.64, SD = 1.69) from the Survey on the Human Rights of Children and Youth (2018) were used. The main results of the hierarchical multiple regression analysis are as follows. First, gender and age had significant impacts on depression. Second, neglect, perceived stress, and online violence were positively related to depression, whereas offline violence showed no relationship with depression. Third, respect for human rights, which is the final stage of the hierarchical multiple regression analysis, was negatively associated with depression. This study contributed to the research by verifying that perceived respect for human rights is a protective factor against depression.

Improving Digital Literacy Skills for Youth Karang Taruna, Cigadung Village, Cibeunying Kaler District, Bandung City

Based on the results of the situation analysis, there are several problems with Youth Karang Taruna, Cigadung Village, Cibeunying Kaler District, Bandung City, namely: Low knowledge and understanding of digital literacy and low Digital Literacy Ability to become Smart Vlogers in order to become a productive generation. The purpose of this community service activity is to increase knowledge, understanding and ability about the Importance of Digital Literacy through Creativity Development to become a Smart Vloger as well as strengthening community social institutions in preventing online violence and cyber crime in people's lives, creating independence and a productive generation. The methods used are socialization and counseling, training, mentoring, and technical guidance. As a result of PKM activities, it is hoped that the Youth Karang Taruna, Cigadung Village, Cibeunying Kaler District, Bandung City will know, understand digital literacy, and be able to use internet digital media literacy skills safely in updating writing on the platforms they created to become Smart Vlogers to strengthen institutions. society in preventing online violence and cyber crime in people's lives, creating independence and a productive generation.

О возмещении вреда детям, подвергшимся насилию в виртуальном пространстве

The object of research in this article is the legal aspects of compensation for harm caused to children who have been subjected to violence in the virtual space. The development of information and communication technologies has led to the emergence of new types of violence, such as cyberbullying, online harassment and child pornographic content. In this regard, the motivation of the study is the need to analyze compensation for harm as a way to protect the rights of children who have suffered from violence in the online environment. The authors used methods for analyzing research data conducted in the field of law, psychology and information technology, reviewed existing legislative measures and international standards regulating this problem, and also analyzed the effectiveness of legal mechanisms for protecting children from virtual violence. Recommendations are offered to improve the protection of the rights of children subjected to violence in the virtual space. The article was prepared under the project IRN BR 27882414 “Program for the support and rehabilitation of child victims of violence: practical implementation of a network of modular resource centers.” The presented results are important for solving the problem of compensation for harm to children subjected to violence in the virtual space. They can be used to create rehabilitation and assistance programs for children who have suffered from online violence and for further research into the problem.

Peranan Gereja Katolik Dalam Penanganan Masalah Kekerasan Terhadap Perempuan Di Keuskupan Maumere Dan Larantuka, Flores, NTT

<p><strong>ABSTRACT:</strong></p><p>This article talks about the problem of violence against women in the Maumere and Larantuka dioceses, Flores, NTT and how religion (Catholic Church) functions in dealing with it. The aim is to identify the forms of violence, their causes and effects in both dioceses and what the function of religion (Catholic Church) is to prevent and deal with these problems. Interview methods, focused group discussions (FGD) and document studies were used to collect data, while descriptive qualitative analysis was used for data analysis. The results show that violence against women is found in both areas of the diocese with physical, psychological, verbal, economic, cultural-based and online violence. The Catholic Church through the Diocesan Commission on Gender and Women's Empowerment carries out educational, control, fraternal, and transformative functions. This is done in direct collaboration and through networks with multi-stakeholders, although this is not sufficient. This study recommends the importance of strengthening institutional capacity and increasing network collaboration.</p><p><strong> </strong></p><p><strong>KEYWORDS:</strong> Commission on Gender and Women's Empowerment, institutional capacity, network collaboration, violence against women, women empowerment.</p>

Resisting the Individualization of Risk: Strategies of Engagement and Caution in Journalists’ Responses to Online Mobs in the United States and Germany

Increasing levels of toxicity, harassment, trolling, and doxxing targeting journalists are a global problem that adversely affects journalism and democratic life. This study offers a comparative analysis of journalistic responses to online violence in the United States and Germany, based on 87 interviews and multiple newsroom observations. U.S. journalists typically discussed the problem in individualized terms, with the onus largely perceived to be placed on journalists to protect themselves while maintaining visibility and accessibility. In Germany, journalists typically discussed the problem as a systemic one, with the onus largely perceived to be placed on media organizations to protect staffers. Journalists in Germany thus considered legitimate a variety of obfuscation and avoidance strategies online and offline, while U.S. journalists felt a greater personal responsibility to advocate for the profession. These findings show the contribution of comparative perspectives in studying the global challenge of anti-press violence. They also demonstrate the complexity of defining and measuring journalistic autonomy, posing theoretical questions that illuminate some of the intrinsic tensions and tradeoffs of autonomy.

Artificial Intelligence Implementation to Counteract Cybercrimes Against Children in Pakistan

Increased internet usage also enhances cyberattacks, particularly in a developing country like Pakistan. These cybercrimes are common against children, demanding the implementation of automated systems and models to detect and counteract these crimes. By keeping in view the growing importance of AI-enabled cybersecurity systems, this article provides insights regarding implementing the relevant systems and models to counteract cybercrimes against children in Pakistan. The researchers reviewed current studies witnessing the performance, reliability, and results of AI implementation in different countries to relate their possible potential further to detect, takedown, and trace online violence against children effectively. Findings showed that AI-enabled software, i.e., Spotlight, SomeBuddy, Google AI Tool, etc., and models such as DAPHNE, iCOP toolkit, and PrevBOT can identify and takedown any indecent activity against children. Besides, detecting the perpetrators’ URLs, domains, and personal emails can further help the children resume internet usage in a healthy online environment. Thus, it is concluded that the internet technology is also creating vectors for abuse and exploitation against children. Harnessing powerful technology, i.e., AI, to analyze and manage the data can also enrich investigative functions. Towards this, local government and law enforcement agencies should resort to suggested tools that may identify even keywords and images. Further, the researchers have provided policy recommendations and discussed the limitations accordingly.

성인의 사이버공간 이용시간이 사이버폭력 가해경험에 미치는 영향

Cyber Violence in adults is considered a serious social problem, and this study was conducted with the aim of suggesting effective measures to reduce adult cyber violence. In this study, the mediating effect of the harmful content contact experience controlled by the problematic attitude toward cyber violence was verified in the relationship between cyber space usage time and online violence experience for adults. To this end, secondary data analysis was conducted using the ‘2020 Cyber Violence Survey’ conducted by the Korea Intelligence Information Society Promotion Agency. As a result of the study, first, adult cyber space usage time had a significant positive (+) influence on cyber violence experience. Second, the experience of contacting harmful content positively mediated the relationship. Third, the problematic attitude of adults toward cyber violence adjusted the relationship between the experience of contacting harmful content and the experience of cyber violence. Fourth, the problematic attitude toward cyber violence significantly adjusted the influence of adults' use of cyberspace on cyber violence experience by mediating the contact experience of harmful content. Specifically, in the adult group with a high problematic attitude toward cyber violence, the cyber violence decreased as the time to use cyber space increased. The results of this study emphasize the importance of problematic attitudes toward cyber violence and contacting harmful content in understanding cyber violence in adults. Therefore, it is necessary to provide a real-name system for using harmful content and a warning notice to reduce contact with harmful content by adults. In addition, it is necessary to reduce the supply of harmful contents by blocking and reporting unauthorized harmful contents using big data or AI. Finally, cyber violence education programs for adults should be in place so that adults can have a problematic attitude toward cyber violence It is expected that this will be an effective countermeasure to the growing problem of adult cyber violence.

From offline to online violence: new challenges for the contemporary society

ABSTRACT So far, the focus on violence has been it as a concept and its evolution within contemporary societies. For instance, several studies consider violence to be influenced by singular cultural issues and perceptions, with the primary point being the presence of an authoritative presence capable of acting violently. Others instead focus on the degrees and typologies of violence and question the role of modernity in the execution of acts of violence by individuals, who are often both victims and perpetrators. In this article, we draw upon a theoretical reflection concerning the role of violence as a sociological concept. We highlight the transformations it has undergone considering the technological developments and its presence in online spaces. The aim is to stress the mutual shaping relationship between the online and offline realms regarding violence against women (although the subject could also involve other communities like the LGBTQI+, migrants, people with disabilities, etc.). Via our theoretical point of reference and examples, we highlight how the perception of the seriousness of violence is nuanced depending on the environment in which it occurs. Similarly, we argue that its acceptability or condemnation becomes the result of culturally metabolised principles and rules that characterise certain societies.

Cyberviolence and the digital experience: reflections on a problematic issue for youth

ABSTRACT In this paper, the authors introduce some of the main aspects of cyberviolence related to digital life, and online experience with a specific focus on young people. Cyberviolence includes violent and calculated actions carried out through electronic tools. In different situations, the perpetrator(s) can be a single person or a group, which deliberately aims to hurt or damage another who cannot defend themselves, often because the victims are initially unaware and unable to manage the problem emotionally and psychologically. Cyber-stalking, revenge porn, hate speech and cyberbullying are just some forms of online violence (cyber-violence). This issue reflects on the problematic issue of cyberviolence from different perspectives including the social, psychological, and educational.

Strategic Rituals of Loyalty: When Israeli Journalists Face Digital Hate

This article examines how and why Israeli journalists use their military service as a shield in response to online violence and digital hate. This practice, termed here the military-as-alibi strategy, is highly consequential. First, it excludes Israeli citizens who are exempt from military service (mostly Palestinian citizens of Israel and ultra-orthodox Jews). Second, it affirms the presumption that “good journalists” are not to be measured by their reporting, but rather by external loyalty tests that allegedly demonstrate their commitment to the national cause. Drawing on analyses of interviews with 20 Israeli journalists, media coverage and social media content, this article frames the military-as-alibi strategy within the local context of a militarised society, but also as part of journalists’ global struggle to win the hearts of their audiences in challenging times. Building on Tuchman (1972), the article labels journalists’ references to their military backgrounds as a strategic ritual of loyalty. The article proposes an alternative strategy to counter anti-press attacks: if journalism is indeed a public good (Pickard 2019), then “good journalism” should be considered “good citizenship”. This approach could free journalists from surrendering to nationalist loyalty tests, and lay better foundations for journalists–audiences relationships in the future.

Communication at the margins: Online homophobia from the perspectives of LGBTQ + social media users

The Same-Sex Marriage Prohibition Act (SSMPA) is a Nigerian law that prohibits sexual relationships or marriages between persons of the same sex. Its enactment in 2013 is perceived as having exacerbated online homophobia against lesbian, gays, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ+) communities on social media networks in Nigeria. This study investigates SSMPA’s contribution to homophobic online violence. Using online interviews with eight LGBTQ + participants and three members of a Nigerian nonprofit organization leadership for sexual minorities, I examine the perceptions, experiences, and communicative strategies of LGBTQ + persons toward online homophobia. Mark Orbe’s co-cultural theory on institutionalized “othering” of minorities across dominant heteronormative societies is used to foreground the lived experiences of Nigerian LGBTQ + persons online. Findings suggest, that although social media networks seemingly provide safe spaces for many vulnerable users, online homophobia has intensified for sexual minorities in Nigeria following the SSMPA legislation.

Technology gap and other tensions in social support and legal procedures: stakeholders’ perceptions of online violence against women during the Covid-19 pandemic

As the Covid-19 pandemic intensified the digitisation of everyday lives and violent behaviours on many mainstream platforms, online violence against women raised renewed concerns. Across the literature, there has been an emphasis on survivors’ experiences and actions to cope with technology-facilitated abuse. Still, little is known about how people perceive the nature, the prevalence, and the impacts of harmful online behaviours and the appropriate social and institutional responses to tackle them. This article aims to help fill this gap. It presents a qualitative study on stakeholders’ perceptions conducted under the frame of a broader project which addresses the prevalence, nature and impact of online violence against women during the Covid-19 pandemic. Empirically, it draws on semi-structured interviews with Portuguese activists, police and law enforcement agents and different public and private service sector providers to explore perspectives on preventing, policing and coping with online violence. The findings expose several socio-technical challenges that prevent effective protection measures for victims and punitive consequences for perpetrators. They also suggest tensions in negotiating digital technology’s role in social support and legal procedures.

PANDANGAN GEREJA KATOLIK TENTANG KOMUNIKASI SOSIAL BERDASARKAN KHK 822 DAN RELEVANSINYA BAGI LITERASI DIGITAL UNTUK KAUM MUDA

The development of digital technology has both positive and negative impacts on the lives of young people. This issue shows that the negative impacts of technological developments are manipulation, increasing online violence, loss of a sense of community, lack of concern for others, and wanting to be noticed. This encourages the Church to develop digital literacy for young people. This study uses a literature study to explore the themes surrounding the Catholic Church's view on Social Communication based on Canon 822 and the importance of digital literacy for young people. The findings of this paper are that the Church is encouraged to be a model or role model for young people. The Church is called to foster dialogue with young people, and to develop creative and innovative pastoralists in the use of digital media.

“I Really Wanted Them to Have My Back, but They Didn’t”—Structural Barriers to Addressing Gendered Online Violence against Journalists

Despite rising scholarly interest in online violence as an “occupational hazard” for journalists, we know little about the dynamics that shape the often-limited support given by media organizations to media workers affected by online violence. In this study, I explore how the working environment of journalists constrains opportunities for addressing gendered online violence. Through a total of 27 interviews with experts and media workers in the United Kingdom and India, I find that these structural barriers play out through three main dynamics: stratified access to support resources, workplace norms that punish reporting online violence as signs of “weakness,” and precarious conditions that leave journalists with little control over their work. Adverse press freedom conditions also appear to exacerbate the impact of these dynamics. Relating these findings to broader inequality regimes in the contemporary working world, I argue that online violence both reinforces and is reinforced by inequality regimes within media organizations. In the same way that organizations often fail to adequately address other forms of workplace harassment, structural barriers complicate newsroom responses to online violence.

Anxiety and prior victimization predict online gender-based violence perpetration among Indonesian young adults during COVID-19 pandemic: cross-sectional study

BackgroundMost of human interactions moved to the cyberspace for much of the pandemic. It was no surprise that online violence was also on the rise. One of the objectives of this study was to describe the prevalence and risk factors of online gender-based violence (OGBV) perpetration during the COVID-19 pandemic.ResultsThe final analysis included 1006 respondents, 84.2% of whom were women and 94.5% were heterosexual. Over 60% of respondents admitted having perpetrated at least one type of OGBV once. It included 58.6% of women who admitted having perpetrated OGBV. Logistic regression analysis identified anxiety, online disinhibition, and history of victimization as independent risk factors of perpetration with an adjusted odds ratio (aOR) of 1.82 (95% CI 1.30–2.56), 1.38 (95% CI 1.03–1.85), and 9.72 (95% CI 5.11–18.51), respectively. Sub-group analysis that identified these factors also facilitated increased frequency and severity of OGBV perpetration.ConclusionsWe found a high proportion of OGBV perpetration among young adults during the pandemic among all genders although women were grossly overrepresented among the respondents. Risk factors of perpetration included anxiety, online disinhibition, and prior victimization. The pandemic situation which heightened general anxiety and increased dependency on online communication may facilitate the perpetration of OGBV. The generalization of this result should pay attention to the caveat that the demographic of respondents is heavily skewed toward women.

Analysis of the Roast Expression Mechanism of Online Public Opinion

Due to the epidemic, internet discussion shows have been quickly expanding since 2020. People appear to be more interested in utilizing phrases like punchlines and satire when responding to online public opinion as a result of the popularity of roast talk shows. Therefore, from the perspective of priming effect and ripple effect, this paper attempts to analyze whether watching roast talk shows affects people's expression mechanism and the depth of people's thinking about social public opinion by using questionnaires and interviews. Through cross-analysis, it is found that the more roast talk shows people watched, the more they tend to use punchlines when expressing themselves, and people tend to analyze public opinion more superficially. And this paper find that watching too many roast talk shows will make public opinion more irrational, and produce more online violence and make other impacts.

Short version of the Multidimensional Scale of Dating Violence (MSDV 2.0) in Spanish-language: Instrument development and psychometric evaluation.

To develop and psychometrically test the short version of the Multidimensional Scale of Dating Violence (MSDV 2.0) in Spanish-language to detect violence perpetrated and suffered in dating relationships. A psychometric instrument development and validation study. A two-phase approach was used: Phase (1) the items of the original instrument were revised and new items related to online violence and sexual violence were incorporated. Content validation by a Delphi panel with 25 psychometric and dating violence experts were performed. Next, a face validity was performed in 32 students followed by a pilot study in another 74 participants. Phase (2) Psychometric validation, the instrument was tested in a sample of 1091 university students, analysing the psychometric properties based on construct validity and internal consistency. The study was conducted from September to November 2020 in the context of the Andalusian Public University System. In phase (1) 42 items for each subscale (perpetration, victimization) were accepted by the Delphi panel, and acceptable values were obtained for the criteria of clarity, coherence, and relevance. In phase (2) the MSDV 2.0 showed acceptable psychometric properties. Confirmatory factor analysis showed a five-dimensional structure with 18 items for each subscale with excellent fit rates. Reliability analysis indicated adequate internal consistency (α=.879-.802) and correlations with the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (ρ=.418-.225) and the self-perceived health item (ρ=.380-.179), providing evidence of its convergent validity. Cut-off points were also calculated for each dimension, with their corresponding sensitivity and specificity, indicating to be a good instrument for detecting possible cases of dating violence. The MSDV 2.0 is the only short instrument published to date that measures the dating violence suffered and perpetrated taking into account all its dimensions. Its use would serve as support in prevention programs and design of public policies. The short version of the MSDV 2.0 could be a comprehensive enough instrument to enable a detection and evaluation of dating violence in the educational setting.

From bidirectionality to victimization: A theoretical approach to offline and online violence in adolescent relationships

In the early stages of adolescence, the type of violence that is detected most often in couple relationships are bidirectional. Violence is used as a way to resolve conflicts in the relationship or as a result of controlling and jealous behaviors that occur regardless of the adolescents' sex. However, as this vital stage progresses, violent behaviors change, and significant differences are found between boys and girls, with girls being more likely to be the victims. The main objective of this study was to carry out a theoretical approach to dating violence in offline and online contexts, summarizing the main conceptual considerations that revolve around the investigation of this type of violence and deepening its description, characteristics, and typology to offer a contextual and comprehensive explanation of the evolution of this problem.

AN OVERVIEW OF THE LEGAL FRAMEWORK GOVERNING CYBERBULLYING AMONG CHILDREN IN MALAYSIA

The Internet has changed people’s lifestyles since its inception in the nineties. Since then, it has become an essential tool and daily need for all generations, including children. Despite its significant advantages for online class, gathering knowledge and information, it also has its disadvantages. One of the disadvantages is that children can be potentially exposed to cyberbullying, either as a victim or a perpetrator. Easier access to the Internet via various types of electronic devices such as smartphones, tablets, laptops, and desktop computers has contributed to the increase in child cyberbullying incidents. A survey conducted by the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) in 2019 discovered that 28% children in Malaysia were victims of online violence. In global statistics among 28 countries, Malaysia was ranked 6th place and 2nd place among the Asia countries in cyberbullying. The objectives of this study are to examine the scenario of child cyberbullying in Malaysia and identify related legal provisions that existed in Malaysia. The method used in this study is doctrinal research by referring to journals, books, conference papers, newspapers, and other periodicals. This research found out that the existing laws are not adequate to protect children from cyberbullying. Thus, it is suggested that there should be specific provisions on cyberbullying protection especially for child in Malaysia.

Bodyright campaign

Gender-based violence refers to all forms of detrimental actions to target a single person or a group of them depending on their gender. This predominantly includes violence directed against women and includes all forms of violence (in the real world to online violence). We must understand and accept that even though these incidents are happening in the online world, the internet has become such an integral part of human life that the outcome of such violence is seen in the real life. The United Nations Population Fund has initiated a new online campaign in the name of Bodyrights, which is the new copyright mark to proclaim and demand security from the various incidents of digital violence. To conclude, gender-based violence has been reported universally, and the same things are on the rise even on the online platform, wherein women and girls are being targeted and their dignity and reputation are being tarnished. This calls for the need to raise to the occasion and the policy-makers and the technology companies should offer complete support to not only punish the offenders but even reduce the incidence of such events in the present and the future.