Online Research Research Articles

Dimensions of Corporate Governance in Public Relations Literature: A Systematic Review

Abstract This article aims to uncover the dimensions or characteristics of corporate governance in the literature of public relations that are also related to communication. We employed a methodological approach based on a systematic review of scientific articles in the field of public relations using the PRISMA method, along with content analysis through axial coding, the use of the Atlas.ti tool, and meta-analysis. After reviewing two major online research databases, Science Direct and Emerald, we narrowed our search to Public Relations Review as the fundamental scientific journal in the field of public relations. We identified 19 communication dimensions of corporate governance, consolidating related concepts into ten. The originality of this research lies in identifying key communication dimensions of corporate governance as an institutional framework for public relations. The research results reinforce the significant role of communication even in the processes of institutionalizing corporate governance.

Linking online activity to offline behavior: A meta-review of three decades of online-to-offline scholarship with future implications for AI

As society grapples with the emerging significance and implications of Large Language Models (LLMs), such as OpenAI’s ChatGPT, or Google’s Gemini, as well as other advancements in modern generative Artificial Intelligence (AI), it is crucial to recognize the existing role that data, algorithms, and online social networks have already played in shaping our contemporary society. This review article provides the first comprehensive examination of the current state of knowledge, across disciplinary divides, on how online influences impact offline behaviors, laying the necessary groundwork for investigating and researching the potential impact that these new technologies will have on our “offline” lives. Through a deep-dive collection of articles (n=149), we review and analyze research with measurable Online-to-Offline impacts (n=88). Within this Online-to-Offline criteria, we identify five emergent cross-cutting themes, namely: Social Diffusion, Social Reinforcement, Social Boundary & Identity Maintenance, Cognitive and Attitudinal Research, and Research on Vulnerable & Marginalized Impacts. Through a second wave snowball collection process, we construct a citation network from the broader Online and Offline research literature, allowing us to locate the Online-to-Offline subset as part of a larger intellectual discussion. Finally, we conduct a Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency (TF-IDF) analysis of terms used in the titles of these online/offline research papers, from 1990 to 2023, to identify the evolution of researchers’ conceptualization and framing of Online and Offline research across the past 30 years. The meta-review, presentation of high-level cross-cutting interdisciplinary themes, co-citation network analysis, and TF-IDF analysis collectively provide a cohesive and deeper understanding of the research space of online/offline influences. By taking stock of the ways in which online factors have already shaped individual, group, or organizational behaviors and social dynamics broadly in “offline” contexts, this work aims to provide a cohesive theoretical and empirical foundation for future researchers to better anticipate, address, and frame the future consequences of the rapidly evolving digitally influenced landscape we find ourselves in today.

Attitudes towards surgical safety checklists among American College of Veterinary Surgeons diplomates.

To examine attitudes towards surgical safety checklists (SSCs) among American College of Veterinary Surgeons (ACVS) diplomates and to identify barriers to implementation. Qualitative online research survey. A total of 1282 current ACVS diplomates. An anonymous online survey was distributed to current ACVS diplomates via email. ACVS diplomates were identified using publicly available data through the ACVS website. A total of 1282 surveys were electronically distributed, and respondents were given 4 weeks to respond. The survey consisted of 34 questions examining (1) demographic information, (2) current use of SSCs, (3) knowledge and attitudes towards SSCs, (4) perceived advantages and disadvantages to use of SSCs, (5) implementation strategies, and (6) potential reasons for noncompletion of SSCs. Survey response rate was 20% (257/1282). A total of 169 of 249 (67.9%) respondents indicated using SSCs. Respondents generally agreed that SSCs were proven to reduce surgical complications (196/249 [78.7%]) and did not perceive any disadvantages to use (100/138 [75.2%]). Respondents not using SSCs were more likely to perceive them as a waste of time (p < .001). The most common reasons for noncompletion of SSCs were forgetfulness (21/52 [39.6%]) and time constraints (19/52 [36.5%]). Improved training (72/138 [52.2%]) and modifying the SSC based on staff feedback (69/138 [50%]) were suggested as methods to improve SSC uptake. Respondents currently using SSCs were generally satisfied. Time constraints and memory related issues were common causes for noncompletion of SSCs. Efforts to expand the implementation of SSCs in veterinary surgery should focus on improved engagement of relevant stakeholders and modification of the SSC to suit local conditions.

Using recorded visual data: Doing online interviews

Using as a starting point an idea expressed by Thomas Scheff in the 1980s about the benefit of having video recordings of interviews that have been done, I discuss in this article how online research interviews via communication platforms such as Zoom or Skype can strengthen research studies. The specific benefits of having a visual recording of an interview in addition to an audio recording are discussed and consideration is also given to why Scheff’s proposal did not receive greater acceptance in practice among the community of researchers when it was first proposed. The obstacles that might have impeded the application of Scheff’s proposal by researchers over the years are outlined and suggestions are made as to why modern communication platforms such as Zoom and Skype might now enable Scheff’s proposal to be implemented in research studies that utilize interviews as a method of inquiry.

From online to offline: Getting ready for in-person fieldwork through social media ethnography

Since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, there has been a significant emphasis on finding solutions to continue academic research in light of closed borders. The inability to travel has prompted academic researchers to reconsider their approaches to fieldwork, with a particular focus on utilizing modern technology effectively to conduct accurate ethnographic research even while working remotely. This has entailed navigating the vast expanse of the internet carefully and acquiring additional tools in the field of ethnography. The primary concerns surrounding conducting remote fieldwork and ensuring the proper selection of data can be summarized by exploring strategies to overcome the challenges imposed by restrictions, as well as leveraging modern technology to study distant cultures without compromising comprehension. Taking into consideration my research on the Japanese experimental noise music scene and the necessity to collect information about the response and activities of these artists at the brink of the pandemic, I challenged my need to collect data by practising through the internet and modern technologies new ways to undertake ethnographic research through distance. In this sense, social networks demonstrated how modern ethnographic methods can be effectively applied to conduct functional social media ethnography, mitigating the challenges brought about by physical distance constraints. Specifically for my research, Reddit’s feature of organizing communities into subtopics named “subreddits” provides me with the possibility to keep in touch with reliable users and information by selecting specific subreddits related to Japan and music topics (e.g. “r/japaneseunderground”, “r/noisemusic”). Along with the existing literature and the constant online research for news related to my project, social media ethnography played a functional role not only in collecting relevant data but also in providing me with more clarity about how to further move my fieldwork once I can travel to Japan. By emphasizing the potential of social media as a valuable avenue to enhance research strategies in times of crisis, this paper aims to consider how online fieldwork created to overcome the impossibility of fieldwork travel can result in a profitable social media ethnography not only to collect data by distance but also to gain appropriate preparation for following in-person fieldwork by relying on our primary findings. By retracing step by step my research project on Japanese noise music, I will explain how undertaking online research provided me with further ideas to achieve more findings and add clarities to my research intent once I had to switch to offline fieldwork.

Ethical guidance for conducting health research with online communities: A scoping review of existing guidance.

Online research methods have grown in popularity due in part to the globalised and far-reaching nature of the internet but also linked to the Covid-19 pandemic whereby restrictions to travel and face to face contact necessitated a shift in methods of research recruitment and data collection. Ethical guidance exists to support researchers in conducting online research, however this is lacking within health fields. This scoping review aims to synthesise formal ethical guidance for applying online methods within health research as well as provide examples of where guidance has been used. A systematic search of literature was conducted, restricted to English language records between 2013 and 2022. Eligibility focused on whether the records were providing ethical guidance or recommendations, were situated or relevant to health disciplines, and involved the use or discussion of online research methods. Following exclusion of ineligible records and duplicate removal, three organisational ethical guidance and 24 research papers were charted and thematically analysed. Four key themes were identified within the guidance documents, 1) consent, 2) confidentiality and privacy, 3) protecting participants from harm and 4) protecting researchers from harm with the research papers describing additional context and understanding around these issues. The review identified that there are currently no specific guidelines aimed at health researchers, with the most cited guidance coming from broader methodological perspectives and disciplines or auxiliary fields. All guidance discussed each of the four key themes within the wider context of sensitive topics and vulnerable populations, areas and issues which are often prominent within health research thus highlighting the need for unifying guidance specific for health researchers. Further research should aim to understand better how online health studies apply ethical principles, to support in informing gaps across both research and guidance.

Photovoice: Methodological Insights From a Multi-site Online Design

Photovoice involves respondents taking photographs of their environment to promote critical discussions and reflect on their experiences. Photovoice empowers marginalized communities and serves to reach policymakers. The Arizona Youth Identity Project (AZYIP) used photovoice with an innovative approach in a multisite research design with a large sample size and completely online research implementation using video conferencing, mobile phones, and video messages. We outline our process for other researchers interested in utilizing this dynamic method. We also reflect on the challenges and opportunities of engaging in this research design for future projects.

Effective recruitment or bot attack? The challenge of online research surveys and recommendations to reduce risk and improve robustness: a viewpoint. (Preprint)

Effective recruitment or bot attack? The challenge of online research surveys and recommendations to reduce risk and improve robustness: a viewpoint. (Preprint)

Fraudulent participation in psychological research using virtual synchronous interviews: ethical challenges and potential solutions

ABSTRACT Online research offers advantages including recruitment cost, diminished equity-related participation barriers, and convenience; however, there are growing concerns regarding fraudulent participation. Guidance to navigate these challenges exists for online research generally (e.g. surveys), but remains sparse for the specific challenge of fraudulent participation within virtual synchronous interviews. No work has explored this topic within an explicit, detailed ethical framework. Reflecting on our experiences navigating fraudulent participation in virtual synchronous research, we address this gap using the Canadian Code of Ethics for Psychologists as a guiding framework to describe challenges, explore ethical considerations, and identify potential solutions and research directions.

Designing Holistic and Multivoiced Online Learning: Higher Education Actors’ Pedagogical Decisions and Perspectives

Higher education has witnessed continuous growth in online learning, further catalysed by the COVID-19 pandemic. Moving forward, it is important to transition from remote teaching to sustainable, high-quality and mature online learning practices for impactful student learning. This paper presents the findings of a qualitative multiple case study research that investigated the pedagogical decisions and rationales of educators and digital learning professionals in deliberately designed online learning contexts. Data were collected through 31 interviews, observations and documents from seven interdisciplinary design teams across six UK universities over an extended period. Three themes were constructed to convey key research insights including: (1) embracing a multi-level view of student learning journeys, (2) embedding multiple and diverse ‘voices’ and (3) creating a complex web of social learning opportunities and ‘spaces’. The findings from this study offer a revitalised understanding of pedagogies suggesting holistic and multivoiced approaches to online learning. Findings pointed to the need for narrative-based approaches to online learning design, attention to purposeful hybrid learning spaces and an expansive view of educators’ role. The insights presented in this paper can be enlightening for educators, teaching teams, digital learning teams, academic developers, researchers and university leadership, opening up dialogue and new directions for online learning practices and research.

REVALUASI AKTIVITAS DI PENDIDIKAN TINGGI SETELAH PANDEMI COVID-19 UNTUK NEGARA BERKEMBANG

The higher education academic system has been affected due to COVID-19 Pandemic. Nowadays, the adjustment in curriculum and research adapt to the pandemic and be used in the future. The research aims to give an evaluation in education and research system in higher education during the pandemic. Moreover, this approach can give the direction for changes and adaptations for this era. The research method uses article reviews in several reputable journal websites, reports, and government regulation continued with comparative analysis. The result is the higher education has affected severely during the pandemic. Tridharma activities need to be evaluated to accommodate the best solving problem for this problem. Almost all Universities in Indonesia has changed their learning system to online and limited research conducted. Furthermore, the biggest challenge lies in internet connection and technology knowledge. In the end, complete evaluation becomes an obligation to fulfil the new learning system before being implemented after the pandemic. Technology investment and quality assurance also need to consider to decide the best learning method for the future.

Results of a Web-Based Survey on 2565 Greek Migraine Patients in 2023: Demographic Data, Imposed Burden and Satisfaction to Acute and Prophylactic Treatments in the Era of New Treatment Options.

Objective: The Greek Society of Migraine and Headache Patients conducted its third in-line population web-based survey in 2023 to ascertain if the burden of the disease and the patients' satisfaction with conventional and novel migraine therapies are changing compared to our previous findings from 2018 and 2020. Methods: The sampling process was based on a random call to participants to reply to a specific migraine-focused self-administered questionnaire, including 83 questions in Greek, which was distributed nationwide through the online research software SurveyMonkey. Results: We eventually enrolled 2565 patients, the majority of which were females. Our findings clearly demonstrate that migraine is still a burdensome condition. The degree of its impact on all aspects of productivity depends on the monthly frequency of migraine and the response rates to acute and prophylactic treatments. A total of 1029 (42.4%) of the patients had visited the emergency room mainly for unresponsiveness to acute treatments or aura-related symptoms. Triptans seem to be partly effective as acute therapies. OnabotulinumtoxinA seems to be effective for almost half of chronic migraine patients (43.9%) to report adequate satisfaction with this treatment (27.8% were "fairly happy", 10.6% were "very happy", and 5.5% were "extremely happy"). Due to their high rates of preventative effectiveness, most respondents treated with anti-CGRP Mabs expressed their optimism concerning their future while living with their migraine (88.25%), as well as towards further improvements in their quality of life (82.8%) status, mostly with fremanezumab. Conclusions: The patients recognize the usefulness of anti-CGRP Mabs in migraine prevention and consequently seem to be more optimistic than before about living with migraine. Considering the market change that is anticipated with the use of gepants and ditans, larger longitudinal population-based studies are warranted to further explore if the new era of migraine therapeutics might further lessen the burden of the disease.

Sociodemographic reporting in videomics research: a review of practices in otolaryngology- head and neck surgery.

To assess reporting practices of sociodemographic data in Upper Aerodigestive Tract (UAT) videomics research in Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (OHNS). Narrative review. Four online research databases were searched for peer-reviewed articles on videomics and UAT endoscopy in OHNS, published since January 1, 2017. Title and abstract search, followed by a full-text screening was performed. Dataset audit criteria were determined by the MINIMAR reporting standards for patient demographic characteristics, in addition to gender and author affiliations. Of the 57 studies that were included, 37% reported any sociodemographic information on their dataset. Among these studies, all reported age, most reported sex (86%), two (10%) reported race, and one (5%) reported ethnicity and socioeconomic status. No studies reported gender. Most studies (84%) included at least one female author, and more than half of the studies (53%) had female first/senior authors, with no significant differences in the rate of sociodemographic reporting in studies with and without female authors (any female author: p = 0.2664; first/senior female author: p > 0.9999). Most studies based in the US reported at least one sociodemographic variable (79%), compared to those in Europe (24%) and in Asia (20%) (p = 0.0012). The rates of sociodemographic reporting in journals of different categories were as follows: clinical OHNS: 44%, clinical non-OHNS: 40%, technical: 42%, interdisciplinary: 10%. There is prevalent underreporting of sociodemographic information in OHNS videomics research utilizing UAT endoscopy. Routine reporting of sociodemographic information should be implemented for AI-based research to help minimize algorithmic biases that have been previously demonstrated.

Abstract PO2-09-03: Twenty-one gene recurrence scores in individuals with breast cancer associated with PALB2 germline pathogenic variants

Abstract Background: The 21-gene recurrence score assay (Oncotype DX, Genomic Health Inc., CA) is prognostic, quantifies predicted benefit of adjuvant chemotherapy, and informs clinical decisions for patients with early-stage, hormone receptor-positive (HR+), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative (HER2-) breast cancer (BC). Differences in Oncotype recurrence scores (RS) in individuals with and without BRCA1 and BRCA2 (BRCA1/2) pathogenic variants (PV) have been demonstrated, but the results of this assay in patients with BC and germline PALB2 PV have not previously been described. This is of particular relevance as PALB2 BC has demonstrated biologic features similar to BRCA1/2 BC such as poly(adenosine diphosphate ribose) polymerase inhibitor (PARPi) sensitivity. Methods: Patients with early-stage, HR+, HER2-, invasive breast cancer and a germline PALB2 PV were ascertained from academic cancer center databases and the Prospective Registry of MultiPlex Testing (PROMPT), an online research registry for individuals who have had multigene panel testing for inherited cancer susceptibility. Study participants (pts) were categorized by age &amp;lt; 50 and ≥50. Oncotype DX RS were retrospectively reviewed and categorized as those that would and would not warrant consideration of chemotherapy (≥16 and &amp;lt; 16, respectively, for pts &amp;lt; 50; ≥26 and &amp;lt; 26, respectively, for pts ≥50). Yates corrected Chi-square tests were used to compare RS distributions between carriers and a previously published genetically unselected reference population. Results: Oncotype DX reports were reviewed for 20 pts with BC and germline PALB2 PV. Median RS was 19 (range 6-41) overall. Four patients were diagnosed under the age of 50 (range 33-48); median RS for these individuals was 19 (range 12-41). Sixteen patients were diagnosed at age 50 or greater (median 59, range 50-70); median RS for these individuals was also 19 (range 6-31). Compared to the genetically unselected reference population, Oncotype DX RS in pts with PALB2-associated BC demonstrated a numerical but not statistically significant shift in distribution towards categories in which chemotherapy would be considered. Among pts under the age of 50, 75% had Oncotype DX RS for which chemotherapy would be considered and 25% had Oncotype DX RS for which endocrine therapy alone would likely be recommended (p=0.726 compared to reference). Among pts aged 50 and older, 25% had Oncotype DX RS for which chemotherapy would be considered and 75% had Oncotype DX RS for which endocrine therapy alone would likely be recommended (p=0.579 compared to reference). Conclusions: Compared to data from the published genetically unselected commercial database, BC associated with PALB2 PV may have higher Oncotype DX RS reflective of intrinsically less favorable biology and greater therapeutic sensitivity. Larger datasets are forthcoming to confirm presence of significant differences in Oncotype DX RS distributions between BC with and without PALB2 PV. Table 1. Oncotype DX RS distribution by age among pts with gPALB2 PV and genetically unselected reference *Jakubowski et al., J Surg Oncol 2020. PMID 3249731 Citation Format: Payal Shah, Siddhartha Yadav, Jamie Brower, Jada Hamilton, Erica Simmons, Judy Garber, Kenneth Offit, Mark Robson, Fergus Couch, Susan Domchek. Twenty-one gene recurrence scores in individuals with breast cancer associated with PALB2 germline pathogenic variants [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2023 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2023 Dec 5-9; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(9 Suppl):Abstract nr PO2-09-03.

Methodological and strategic insights for online survey studies: an analysis based on the CHERRIES checklist

The use of online surveys has become a valuable and widely employed tool in health research. However, the use of such instruments necessitates methodological rigor and optimization in their design to achieve the best response rates. Drawing upon relevant literature and the international CHERRIES guidelines for the development of online surveys, this article addresses methodological aspects related to ethical considerations and data protection (with reference to the Association of Internet Research's online ethics guide), study design and validation, recruitment, data collection processes, and data management and analysis. In conclusion, given the context of overexposure to online surveys, which can influence recruitment and response rates, strategies for their maximization are provided, encompassing both static and dynamic aspects of survey design.

Claves metodológicas y estratégicas para estudios basados en encuestas online: un análisis basado en la iniciativa Checklist for Reporting Results of Internet E-Surveys

The use of online surveys has become a valuable and widely employed tool in health research. However, the use of such instruments necessitates methodological rigor and optimization in their design to achieve the best response rates. Drawing upon relevant literature and the international CHERRIES guidelines for the development of online surveys, this article addresses methodological aspects related to ethical considerations and data protection (with reference to the Association of Internet Research's online ethics guide), study design and validation, recruitment, data collection processes, and data management and analysis. In conclusion, given the context of overexposure to online surveys, which can influence recruitment and response rates, strategies for their maximization are provided, encompassing both static and dynamic aspects of survey design.

The Relationship Between Dark Tetrad of Personality and Domain-Specific Risk-taking Among Iranian Young People

Introduction: Dark personality traits include a range of socially aversive personality traits that are associated with risky behaviors and other mental health risk factors. However, it is not clear which specific risky behaviors are associated with each Personality trait (Machiavellianism, Narcissism, Psychopathy and Sadism) outlined in this conceptual framework. Aim: Examining the Relationship Between Dark Tetrad of Personality and Domain-Specific Risk-taking Behavior Among Iranian Young People was the aim of this study. Method: The Research Design for this study is based on Descriptive Correlational Research method, A sample of 848 Young people was selected with the convenience sampling method from the Tehran using an online research platform. Domain-Specific Risk-Taking (DOSPERT) Scale and the Short Dark Tetrad (SD4) were used for data collection. The data were Analyzed by the Pearson correlation coefficient (PCC) and Stepwise regression using SPSS version 26. Results: The correlation matrix of the research variables demonstrated that all components of the Dark Tetrad of Personality (Machiavellianism, Narcissism, Psychopathy, and Sadism) are positively correlated with various domains of risk-taking (Social, Recreational, Gambling, Health/Safety, and Ethical). Among the four personality traits, Psychopathy and Sadism show the highest correlation, while Narcissism and Machiavellianism demonstrate a weaker correlation with risk-taking behaviors. Additionally, only Machiavellianism and Narcissism were linked to risky investments. Conclusion: In conclusion, for more accurate clinical decision-making concerning the relationship between Dark Personality traits and risky behaviors, it is essential to consider the specific and unique relationship between the traits and domains

What Huntington's Disease Patients Say About Their Illness: An Online Direct-to-Participant Pilot Study.

Direct-to-participant online reporting facilitates the conduct of clinical research by increasing access and clinically meaningful patient engagement. We assessed feasibility of online data collection from adults with diagnosed Huntington's disease (HD) who directly reported their problems and impact in their own words. Data were collected online from consenting United States residents who self-identified as 1) having been diagnosed with Huntington's disease, 2) able to ambulate independently, and 3) self-sufficient for most daily needs. Data for this pilot study were collected using the Huntington Study Group myHDstory online research platform. The Huntington Disease Patient Report of Problems (HD-PROP), an open-ended questionnaire, was used to capture verbatim bothersome problems and functional impact. Natural language processing, human-in-the-loop curation of verbatim reports involving clinical and experience experts, and machine learning classified verbatim-reports into clinically meaningful symptoms. All 8 questionnaires in the online pilot study were completed by 345 participants who were 60.9% men, 34.5±9.9 (mean±SD) years old, and 9.5±8.4 years since HD diagnosis. Racial self-identification was 46.4% Caucasian, 28.7% African American, 15.4% American Indian/Alaska Native, and 9.5% other. Accuracy of verbatim classification was 99%. Non-motor problems were the most frequently reported symptoms; depression and cognitive impairment were the most common. Online research participation was feasible for a diverse cohort of adults who self-reported an HD diagnosis and predominantly non-motor symptoms related to mood and cognition. Online research tools can help inform what bothers HD patients, identify clinically meaningful outcomes, and facilitate participation by diverse and under-represented populations.

Acute Normovolemic Hemodilution (ANH) impacts postoperative coagulation profile and bleeding in Adult Cardiac Surgery

Introduction: The coagulation profile of cardiac surgery patients is impacted by pro-inflammatory effects caused by procedures involving cardiopulmonary bypass. In order to counteract these effects, pharmacological therapies and allogeneic blood transfusions are required. The strategy of Acute normovolemic hemodilution also known as “intraoperative autologous donation” is also a viable option to address these negative effects. The theoretical basis for ANH is that the removed blood of a patient’s own self is shielded from the inflammatory response of blood cells to the bypass circuit. ANH is an infrequently practiced strategy at various cardiac surgery institutes within Pakistan to enhance coagulation profile, decrease the need for blood transfusions despite being an established approach abroad. Aims and Objectives: The objective of our study is to compare the effect of ANH on patients undergoing adult cardiac surgery in a sample group versus a control group with the primary endpoint of postoperative drain output as a measure of effectiveness of blood coagulation profile. Blood coagulation profiles were also compared between the two groups as secondary variables. Place and Duration of study: The study was conducted at the Faisalabad Institute of Cardiology from December 21st, 2023 to February 13th, 2024. Material and Methods: A randomized controlled trial involving 60 patients over the age of 12 years who were to undergo adult cardiac surgery was conducted. An online research randomizer software randomly selected them into two equal groups, sample and control (n=30). The ANH volume retrieved from the patient's central vein in the sample group was used to fill the CPD blood transfusion bags after administering anesthesia. After the patients in both groups were weaned off CPB and protamine administered to neutralize heparin, ANH blood was infused back into the patients in the sample group whereas the control group received allogenic blood only. Chi square test was applied to all qualitative variables and Independent Samples t-test for all quantitative variables. The results were analyzed using SPSS version 25, and a p-value ? 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Hemoglobin (12.9±0.90 g/dL in ANH and 11.8±1.00 g/dL in non-ANH) and aPTT levels (34.2±6.06 seconds in ANH and 54.2±10.95 seconds in non-ANH) were statistically significant (p-value &lt;0.01). In the ANH group, the mean value (623.3±86.28 mL) of postoperative drain output significantly decreased by approximately 220mL compared to the non-ANH group (842.3±99.26 mL) (p-value &lt;0.01). Conclusion: ANH positively conserves most of the coagulation profile parameters. It assists in reducing postoperative bleeding and the volume of allogeneic blood required perioperatively in cardiac surgery.

Perencanaan Strategi Bisnis Usaha Online: UMKM

The development of micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) requires a joint role in the environment from both regulators and other companies. The Business Competition Supervisory Commission (KPPU) together with the Ministry of Cooperatives and SMEs signed a memorandum of understanding to form a task force to monitor partnerships established between SMEs and large industries. This article explores the programs organized by the Ministry of Cooperatives and Small and Medium Enterprises for the development of MSMEs. Through literature and online research about company programs, researchers can compare them with government policy programs to analyze the accuracy of expert programs. The research results show that the joint Business Competition Supervisory Commission (KPPU) program can fulfill the policies of the Ministry of Cooperatives and SMEs stipulated in the 2020-2024 Strategic Plan.