Online Edition Research Articles

Invited Perspective: PFAS Bioconcentration and Biotransformation in Early Life Stage Zebrafish and Its Implications for Human Health Protection.

Invited Perspective: PFAS Bioconcentration and Biotransformation in Early Life Stage Zebrafish and Its Implications for Human Health Protection.

Language and Manipulation: A Critical Discourse Analysis of All Progressive Congress (APC) and People’s Democratic Party’s (PDP) War of Words

This paper examines the crucial role language plays in manipulating the act of discourse comprehension as a means of constructing mental models meant to effect mind control against the people’s best interests. To achieve this, the study utilises the rich resources of critical discourse analysis (CDA) precisely, the socio-cognitive framework, to analyse media political discourse within the Nigerian context. A number of discourses that hinge on the APC and PDP’s war of words over the issue of corruption extracted from the online editions of Nigerian newspapers constitute the data used for the study. The result of the data analysis indicates that Nigerian politicians consciously indulge in positive self-presentation and negative-other presentation by making use of the ideological square in the portrayal of self for the sole purpose of imposing their ideological designs on the entire populace in order to gain political dominance. Through the ideological square, each of the political parties aims at emphasizing the positive sides of its actions and the negative aspects of the other party while de-emphasizing its negative activities and the positive sides of the other through the use of manipulative language. Such manipulative use of language disables the people’s critical thinking for the manipulators’ benefit.

Training in Collecting, Appraising and Synthesising Evidence for EFSA scientific assessments

The overall objective of project OC/EFSA/AMU/2018/01 was to support EFSA to develop in-house capacity to collect, appraise and synthesize evidence coming from literature sources in the context of food and feed scientific assessment. This objective had to be reached by offering 3 different types of training courses to EFSA staff (including Trainees) and Experts (of Panels, Working Groups and Member States). This report summarizes these trainings and their evaluation. Between 15 October 2018 and 24 November 2020, 9 trainings were delivered by a team of trainers from SYRCLE (SYstematic Review Centre for Laboratory animal Experimentation, www.syrcle.nl) and partners. A total number of 160 people participated in these trainings (an average of 18 per training), some of whom participated in more than one training (day). The individual trainings were evaluated using an online evaluation form, which consisted of general questions (e.g. about the training room or course material) and specific questions about the various parts of the training courses. The participants had the option of adding qualitative comments. Moreover, a so-called second level evaluation was used to assess the extent to which the trainings improved the capacity of participants to use the techniques explained in the courses in the context of EFSA assessments. With an average score of 8.23 (out of 10), the trainings were evaluated very positively. Major revisions of the content were only necessary for two of the courses and only after the first editions. Overall, the participants assessed their knowledge and practical skills to be higher after the training compared to before. Moreover, two of the online editions of the courses received an EFSA Golden Globe for the most successful EFSA scientific courses delivered in 2020. Based on the experiences with this series of trainings, recommendations are made for future EFSA trainings in evidence synthesis.

Framing the Syrian Conflict in the Russian Federal Media

The article analyzes features of the coverage of the Syrian conflict by the Russian media. Empirically, the study is based on the articles published in 2015—2019 in the most cited federal media resources — the online edition of RIA Novosti, as well as the newspapers Izvestia and Vedomos ti. The authors employ the method of the qualitative content analysis in the MAXQDA program. Given the extremely important role that framing plays in media resources, the authors focused on identifying key frames of coverage of the events in Syria, which allowed them to trace the main trends in presen ting these events, as well as document technologies and techniques used by the media to create political images related to the Syrian crisis. The research study showed that the collective frame of the Syrian conflict in the Russian media has the following features: (1) emphasis on the diplomatic component to the detriment of the military one; (b) demonization of the United States; (3) ignoring causes of the conflict; (4) anti-terrorism rhetoric. Two technologies were actively used in framing — the technology of fragmenting information, which prevents the formation of a general picture of what is going on, and the technology of attention distraction aimed at playing down coverage of the contro versial events, which violates the integrity of the frame by focusing on relatively insignificant and obvious events. According to the authors’ conclusion, despite all the efforts of the fede ral media, the Syrian operation of Russia failed to become a “small victorious war” that would provide a wave of patriotic mobilization in the country. With the onset of the coronavirus pandemic, the Syrian crisis has actually disappeared from the media agenda and is unlikely to make any significant contribution to changing the Russian information field in the future.

Effect of Dietary Modified-Banana-Tuber Meal Substituting Dietary Corn on Growth Performance, Carcass Trait and Dietary-Nutrients Digestibility of Coloured-Feather Hybrid Duck

<p class="abstrak2">In this experiment, we investigate the effect of modified banana tuber meal (M-BTM) to substitute dietary maize in growing-finisher colored-feathered hybrid duck. One hundred and ninety six hybrid ducks (Pekin x Khaki Campbell) with 421.31 ± 0.183g body weight (BW) were allotted to 5 dietary treatments with 9 ducks (unsexed) per pen and 4 replications per treatment. These dietary treatments were: NC (negative control; maize-soyabean-meal based diet), BTM25 (25% maize was replaced by M-BTM-), BTM50 (50% maize was replaced by M-BTM), BTM75 (75% maize was replaced by M-BTM), and BTM100 (100% maize was replaced by M-BTM). The experimental design applied using completely randomize design (CRD). Data of this experiment were statistically analysed by one-way-analysis-of-variance of SAS University version 4.0 red hat (64-bit) University Online Edition. Result demonstrated that M-BTM improved significantly (p< 0.05) digestibility of dry matter and crude protein. It is concluded that M-BTM enhanced apparently growth performaces and digestibility parameters of colored-feathered hybrid duck (Pekin x Khaki Campbell).</p>

Introduction: Reusing Research Film and the Institute for Scientific Film

This introduction outlines the threefold contribution that this Focus section on research film offers. First, it introduces the vast collection of films from the former Institute for Scientific Film (Institut für den Wissenschaftlichen Film [IWF]), arguably the most ambitious endeavor ever undertaken to manage the distribution, production, and archiving of research films. At the same time, the institute’s questionable roots in the National Socialist education system and in war research are addressed. Second, the introduction points out that the Focus section enters largely uncharted terrain in the history of research films. Third, it argues that a focus on the multiple reuses of research films, as this section attempts, not only suits the medium specificity of film but helps us to map the aesthetic, intermedial, and cultural-political practices of disseminating knowledge. In this vein, the organizers asked established scholars working on film and science to share with us a short story of a reused research film. Scott Curtis, Vinzenz Hediger, Anja Laukötter, and Hanna Rose Shell responded. Their contributions can be found in the supplementary materials to the online edition.

Online Manuscript Editing Services for Multilingual Authors: A Content Analysis Study

ABSTRACT Online writing and editing services can help overcome obstacles faced by researchers seeking publication of their manuscripts. As professional services providers, they have business acumen, experience, and insight about the publishing industry. They supply their editing services for a fee and make additional services available to writers who seek to publish their work. Multilingual authors sometimes face challenges when publishing their research in English language journals. These challenges might have to do with the intricacies of technical writing; or how to find the best journal to submit their manuscript; or even how to explain their datasets in a more visual manner. Writing and editing services help multilingual authors with the creation of a publishable manuscript; give advice about the submission process; and provide other services to enhance the visibility of the published article via social media or other outlets. In this study, the author applied the content analysis method to identify online editing organizations (n = 16) that provide their services to authors. The author then divided these editing organizations into two main categories: seven are commercial publishers and nine are editing companies. It was found that Emerald Publishing Services, a commercial publisher, is the most prominent among the organizations that offer manuscript preparation services, followed by Elsevier, Hindawi, SpringerNature, and Taylor & Francis. As for the online editing companies, the study revealed that Enago has the most service offerings, followed by ManuscriptEdit, Editage, and Sirius Interactive. The study identified 15 distinct editing services offered by these organizations. The results show that the 16 online editing organizations offer four key services: language editing, manuscript formatting, figure preparation, and translation with language. The study recommends that multilingual authors consult editing services to improve the quality of their manuscripts before submitting them to journals.

Portrayal of Muslim's Images in International Newspaper’s Blogging Forums and Its Impact on Readers

This study explores the portrayal of Muslim’s image in the international newspaper’s blogging forums and its impact on readers. The objective prolongs to find out the online interpersonal relations between the individuals of Muslim religion with individuals of other religions and the consequences of propagation of negative Muslim’s image in the web blogging. For this purpose, Survey method was used to seek the impact on the targeted readers and Content analysis of the blogs encompassing six bloggers from two leading newspapers’ online edition. The study implies Propaganda Model and Agenda Setting Theory by NormChomsky (1988) & Max McCombs and Donald Shaw (1968) respectively. The study reveals that propagation of negative Muslim’s image is adversely affecting the relations of individuals in online communities and Muslims are deleteriously represented in the web blogs of international newspapers.

INFLUENCERS AND MEDIA: INFLUENCER-GENERATED CONTENT ON SOCIAL MEDIA PLATFORMS AS A JOURNALISTIC SOURCE

The growing popularity of social media platforms, especially YouTube, Facebook, Twitter and Instagram, has enabled online influencers to appear in addition to previously known celebrities, representing a new global phenomenon and new role models for young people. Biran and his associates in the paper “Detecting influencers in written online conversations” state that influencers are the participants in online communication who have credibility in the group, who persevere in order to convince others and who introduce ideas that others accept or support (Biran et al., 2012: 38-39). Research on journalistic sources, especially research on content created by influencers on social media services, is a significant contribution to research in the field of media pluralism. Research on social network platforms as a source of information in Serbian literature is rare, which contributes to the significance of this research. The purposes of the research are to determine whether the content created and published by influencers on social network platforms in Serbia is a source of information for online editions of Serbian daily newspapers, the type of content in question, as well as whether the media gain new audiences that follow influencers. Qualitative-quantitative content analysis and web surveys were used for the research. Based on the qualitative-quantitative analysis of domestic daily newspapers (Danas, Politika, Večernje novosti, Blic, Kurir, Alo, Telegraf, Informer), we can conclude that the media use the profile content that influencers publish on social network sites as a source for texts which are soft news. According to the web survey in which 175 respondents participated, we can conclude that texts about influencers in the media are followed by 38 respondents and that the media are gaining new audiences who follow influencers on social network sites.

Principles of „The Normative Dictionary of the Polish Place Names from the area of Lithuania“

The aim of the article is to elaborate on the principles of the online edition of The Normative Dictionary of the Polish Place Names from the area of Lithuania. This is a normative dictionary. It contains Polish equivalents of contemporary Lithuanian place names from the area of Lithuania, their declination, adjectives and names of residents. The dictionary contains names of districts, towns and villages, counting over 20 residents from Vilnius, Šalčininkai, Trakai, Švenčionys and Širvintos regions. The dictionary includes names from the Vilnius area inhabited by numerous Polish minority, and selected names from different parts of Lithuania, important in terms of history, culture and society (e.g. from the area of Lauda and the vicinity of Kaunas). The article outlines the structure of the dictionary, looks into difficulties encountered in its development and supplements this study with a brief description of the Dictionary and of the present state of work on it.

Dispensation and Liturgy Mediated as an Answer to COVID-19 Restrictions: Empirical Study Based on Polish Online Press Narration

The main objective of this study is to determine the media image of dispensation and liturgy mediated during the COVID-19 pandemic in Poland. The paper is based on interdisciplinary methodology, which combines elements of practical theology (the see–judge–act paradigm) and a communication and media studies approach (media content analysis, critical discourse analysis). The time range of the analysed media discourse is between 12 and 18 March 2020, which was the first week after issuing government restrictions towards liturgy and the Church’s response to that: granting the dispensation and supporting the mediatisation of liturgy. The material for the discourse analysis includes online editions of 20 Polish press titles. It occurs that the general attitude of the media towards dispensation and liturgy mediated was positive, but some media tended to present the topics according to their editorial policies. The paper also formulates a theological reflection: although liturgy mediated as a permanent solution could be challenging to accept, it allowed worshippers to experience the liturgy in times of isolation. It is, therefore, an expression of the Church’s concern for the health and lives of the faithful, although not entirely in line with the official and long-standing position of the Church towards the mediatisation of the liturgy.

SIOS’s Earth Observation (EO), Remote Sensing (RS), and Operational Activities in Response to COVID-19

Svalbard Integrated Arctic Earth Observing System (SIOS) is an international partnership of research institutions studying the environment and climate in and around Svalbard. SIOS is developing an efficient observing system, where researchers share technology, experience, and data, work together to close knowledge gaps, and decrease the environmental footprint of science. SIOS maintains and facilitates various scientific activities such as the State of the Environmental Science in Svalbard (SESS) report, international access to research infrastructure in Svalbard, Earth observation and remote sensing services, training courses for the Arctic science community, and open access to data. This perspective paper highlights the activities of SIOS Knowledge Centre, the central hub of SIOS, and the SIOS Remote Sensing Working Group (RSWG) in response to the unprecedented situation imposed by the global pandemic coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) disease 2019 (COVID-19). The pandemic has affected Svalbard research in several ways. When Norway declared a nationwide lockdown to decrease the rate of spread of the COVID-19 in the community, even more strict measures were taken to protect the Svalbard community from the potential spread of the disease. Due to the lockdown, travel restrictions, and quarantine regulations declared by many nations, most physical meetings, training courses, conferences, and workshops worldwide were cancelled by the first week of March 2020. The resumption of physical scientific meetings is still uncertain in the foreseeable future. Additionally, field campaigns to polar regions, including Svalbard, were and remain severely affected. In response to this changing situation, SIOS initiated several operational activities suitable to mitigate the new challenges resulting from the pandemic. This article provides an extensive overview of SIOS’s Earth observation (EO), remote sensing (RS) and other operational activities strengthened and developed in response to COVID-19 to support the Svalbard scientific community in times of cancelled/postponed field campaigns in Svalbard. These include (1) an initiative to patch up field data (in situ) with RS observations, (2) a logistics sharing notice board for effective coordinating field activities in the pandemic times, (3) a monthly webinar series and panel discussion on EO talks, (4) an online conference on EO and RS, (5) the SIOS’s special issue in the Remote Sensing (MDPI) journal, (6) the conversion of a terrestrial remote sensing training course into an online edition, and (7) the announcement of opportunity (AO) in airborne remote sensing for filling the data gaps using aerial imagery and hyperspectral data. As SIOS is a consortium of 24 research institutions from 9 nations, this paper also presents an extensive overview of the activities from a few research institutes in pandemic times and highlights our upcoming activities for the next year 2021. Finally, we provide a critical perspective on our overall response, possible broader impacts, relevance to other observing systems, and future directions. We hope that our practical services, experiences, and activities implemented in these difficult times will motivate other similar monitoring programs and observing systems when responding to future challenging situations. With a broad scientific audience in mind, we present our perspective paper on activities in Svalbard as a case study.

Peran Editor Video Dalam Produksi Program Sembang Malam di Ceria TV Pekanbaru

AbstactMass communication must be adjacent to gatekeeper, referred to as gatekeeper in an assignment i.e. the person in charge of selecting, choosing, changing, responsible later on to a will be broadcast to audiences. At CeriaTV Pekanbaru Video Editor is the role holder of gatekeeper, because the video editor in CeriaTV Pekanbaru that will answer the results of the editing later and the creativity of an editor can add the selling value of a program that is edited and presented later to the audience. CeriaTv Pekanbaru still has a shortage of human resources, then the production Director, the documentation division can concurrently become an editor. The research aims to find out how the video Editor role in the production of Sembang Malam program at CeriaTV Pekanbaru. The subject of this study is CeriaTv Pekanbaru and the object of this research is the role of editors in the production of a Sembang Malam program at CeriaTV Pekanbaru. This research uses qualitative descriptive research methods. The results of the editor's role through the first three stages, the first offline editing stage, at this stage an editor can play a role in shooting with a cameraman whose goal is to know the picture during the editing process later, and data checking. Further more the online editing stage, at this stage an editor checks equipment on the editing equipment, has its own notes for editing (according to the script), content and video visuals, editors must have the creativity issued When content editing and video visuals take place. The last stage is mixing (merging between sound and video), at this stage the sound and video must be balanced and at this stage also there are additional sounds such as sound effect, and backsound if needed. From these three stages, an editor can produce programs, both and interestingly the program is in the editor and creativity of the editors package the program, hence the editor is very important to manage the program that will be aired on audiences. Talk show-based Sembang Malam programmes that cover the hottest things, as well as inviting guest stars that inspire, from communities and individuals.

Diaries of a Surveilled Citizen after a Failed Revolution in Egypt

Under a pseudonym in December 2011, I published an article titled “al-Jaysh wa-l-Iqtisad fi Barr Misr” (The Army and the Economy in Egypt) in Jadaliyya. I wrote it after months of participating in numerous protests in Cairo against the government of the Supreme Council of Armed Forces (SCAF), which took power upon President Hosni Mubarak's abdication in February 2011, and of searching fervidly for the political sources that had allowed the military to prevail over civilian forces. In addition to the tanks and fighter jets, I found some of these sources hidden in a gigantic business empire that the military had clandestinely developed for years. In early 2012 the editor of an online edition of a widely read Egyptian newspaper, a revolutionary female journalist who would later be arrested and detained, invited me to write a series of articles on this business empire, this time using my real name. The first work in decades to be published on this taboo topic, this became the foundation for my later book-length study. As a scholar, this was my humble contribution to an ongoing revolution.

Completeness of reporting and outcome switching in trials published in Indian journals from 2017 to 2019: A cross-sectional study.

Context:Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are among the cornerstones for generation of high-quality clinical evidence. However, incomplete or biased reporting of trials can hamper the process of review of trials and their results. Outcome switching, intentional, or otherwise leads to biased reporting and can result in false inferences.Aims:The aim of this study was to analyze the completeness of reporting Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) 2010 checklist items and detect if outcome switching had occurred.Settings and Design:This cross-sectional study was conducted in the department of pharmacology.Methods:Online editions of journals published by the Indian association of medical specialties from 2017 to 2019 were accessed, and the full-text versions of the published RCTs in them were downloaded. Reporting of each item in the CONSORT checklist was recorded. The effect of trial registration and CONSORT endorsement on reporting of key methodological parameters was also determined. Protocols of registered trials were accessed, and the outcome switching was assessed.Statistical Analysis Used:Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the data.Results:Average completeness of reporting has significantly improved from 2017 to 2019. Major areas of underreporting were generalizability, protocol availability, trial registration, date of recruitment, allocation concealment, and the patient flow diagram. CONSORT endorsing journals had worse, whereas registered trials had better reporting of key methodological indicators. No overt switching of outcomes was observed in 84 out of 86 registered trials where trial protocols were available online for comparison.Conclusions:Quality of clinical trial reporting in the Indian medical journals has improved but remains inadequate. CONSORT nonendorsement prevents completeness of trial reporting.

ОБРАЗ КИТАЯ В РУССКОЯЗЫЧНЫХ БЛОГАХ О КИТАЙСКОЙ ЖИВОПИСИ

The article is devoted to the study of the image of China in the Russian-language texts of blogs about Chinese painting. The purpose of this study is to determine the descriptive aspects of the art forms studied, as well as the linguistic and non-linguistic ways of forming a fragment of Chinese image. The material comes from the blogs about Chinese painting published on the online platform LiveJournal and in the online edition Magazeta.The relevance of the work is due to the interest in the humanities in the media image of China. In the process of analyzing empirical material, the methods of contextual analysis and media-linguistic analysis are used. The materials studied reveal five main aspects of Chinese painting description: the status of painting in Chinese and world culture; content and genres of Chinese painting; artist status and skill; perception of Chinese painting through the eyes of another cultural representative; the painting elements of Chinese painting in the text. It reveals the language means of forming the unique part of Chinese art and the functions of the visual components in blog texts. It is concluded that China is presented in Russian-language blogs as an amazing country with an ancient and unique culture, with deep symbolism of various philosophical concepts.

ДАВАТЬ, ПРИКАЗЫВАТЬ, ПОДТВЕРЖДАТЬ. ВЛАСТЬ ФРАНЦУЗСКИХ ПРЕЛАТОВ XIII ВЕКА

As corpora of medieval texts became available online, and platforms for textometric analysis (TXM, among others) were developed in the last decade, it has become possible to explore old historiographical issues from a new perspective. This study explores the actions of medieval dominants and the forces they used to perform those actions. The author unites a corpus of the author unites a corpus of the charters of prelates of the French dioceses from the period following the “documentary revolution”, because the general increase in the number of charters since the 12th century enables the author to work at the level of particular social groups. The charters of bishops and archbishops and the charters of abbots and abbesses of the 13th century were collected from online editions of medieval French cartularies (from the Chartae Galliae, the Cartulaires d'Île-de-France, and the Cartulaire blanc). The author generated lists of the most frequent verbs and nouns in the ablative and examined the most common adverb co-occurrences for the most frequent verbs of the two corpora. As a result of the study, a number of observations were obtained. 1) Along with the group of verbs that denote the activity of creating a charter and of disseminating the information, the most frequent verbs refer to the activities of giving, ordering and confirming in the corpus of bishops. These three main activities were distinguished by analyzing the structure of verb binomials in the corpus. 2) The activities of abbots appear to be different from those of bishops: the verbs of ordering are far less frequent, while the verbs of selling and exchanging are more common. While bishops form the dominant group within the whole society, the activities of the abbots in society are less conspicuous (abbots dominate within their monasteries). 3) The auctoritas, although an important power force that enables the majority of power actions, is not the only one used by prelates: members of the Church acted by voluntas; a large amount of actions requires consent or counsel. Finally, the promise requires the force of fides, etc. 4) The 13th century society was the one where all actions were judged as more or less spiritual, and where the less spiritual power actions and practices of the prelates were also ‘spiritualised’. Although different groups of verbs attract different kinds of adverbs (e.g. one should serve ‘honestly and devotedly’, one possesses ‘peacefully’, one commands and orders ‘firmly and rigorously’), they all have positive connotations. The charters serve to reproduce a system where the spiritual plays a dominant role and where attaining the celestial realm is the central goal of all actions (documents on the exercise of power belong to the same system as theological texts).

Obraz Żydówek na froncie wschodnim II wojny światowej we współczesnych rosyjskojęzycznych mediach żydowskich. Na przykładzie wydania internetowego amerykańskiego czasopisma „Jewriejskij Mir”

The Image of Jewish Women on the Eastern Front of World War II in Contemporary Russian-Language Jewish Media: The Example of the Online Edition of the American Newspaper Yevreiski Mir The main aim of this paper is to present the image of Jewish women participating in hostilities on the Eastern Front of World War II in the contemporary Russian-language Jewish media on the example of the online edition of the American newspaper Yevreiski Mir. An analysis of its articles proves that the fates of women of Jewish origin in the Red Army and the Soviet resistance movement are used by the authors to strengthen social ties among Russian-speaking Jews. Moreover, it is shown that the use of biographical threads of selected Jewish women helps journalists create a new narrative in which Jewish women are presented not only as victims but also as war heroines proud of their origin.

From the Desk of Editor

Dear All Associated Users of AJMS:
 It gives us immense pleasure to publish the current issue of AJMS Vol 12 No 1 (2021). We started our journey from 2010 with an online edition of AJMS. Slowly we progressed with the support of our committed and strong team of Editorial board members and launched the printed edition in the year 2015 and we further expanded our publication frequency from quarterly issue to bimonthly issue.
 With the overwhelming response and support from our users, we now take a leap to publish monthly issue from this year (2021) onwards. With the current expansion of edition, we make it clear that we have not made any compromise in the quality of articles which we publish in AJMS. We have been striving hard to serve the potential authors who has entrusted on us and chosen our journal to publish their manuscripts, making our journal as their journal of choice!
 On submission, the manuscripts are assigned to editor and section editor for initial review process, followed by assigning the manuscript to three reviewers of which two are internal reviewers and one outside the editorial board (external reviewer). The blind review process in our journal takes six to eight weeks’, sometimes even earlier depending on the reviewers and the decision is made once the review report is submitted to the editor.
 Sometimes the delay in turnaround time happens which is unavoidable due to late response from reviewers and from the authors. We insist the authors to communicate with the editor soon the review reports are sent to them for revisions. This would further shrink the time of publication from submission. The reviewers and the editorial board members are solely responsible for taking initial decision of the article but the final decision is based on the Editor. The best part of our journal is we respond to each and every author promptly and do not ignore any queries. 
 The details of the journal can be viewed by clicking the links of particular sections- Focus and Scope, Peer Review Process, Open Access Policy, Publication Frequency, Publication Ethics and Publication Malpractice Statement of Asian Journal of Medical Sciences, Duties of Reviewers, Duties of Authors, Indexing of Asian Journal of Medical Sciences can be viewed by this link-https://www.nepjol.info/index.php/AJMS/about
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 Authors are advised to go through the guidelines and then submit their manuscripts
 We look forward to further enhance the quality of article in AJMS and we will strive hard to ensure this journal goes global, in the future.
 Thank you all for your support and entrusting on us.
 Prof. Dr. Arun Kumar
 Editor-in-Chief, Asian Journal of Medical Sciences

Pakistani Print Media’s View of China and Belt and Road Initiative

The article aims to give an objectively true account of Pakistani newspaper’s perspective about China and its Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). It uses mixed method analysis in its reading of editorials from online editions of Pakistan’s main English newspapers: The News, The Express Tribune, The Nation and Dawn. Editorials are the unit of analysis of this study as they usually voice the opinion of the editors, the newspapers’ lead writers and set the newspapers’ agenda. This article makes use of framing theory, in coverage of China and its humongous investment and infrastructure project, the BRI project. It looks at how the editorials present China and the BRI, major themes, and reasons for these editorial choices. It attempts to identify attitudes underlying these editorials. After a reflexive thematic analysis, the article gauges the different newspapers’ adherence to universal norms of journalism. The paper examines and assesses the editorials in terms of their slants, coverage, and framing of China and its BRI. The majority of editorials employ frames that are negative or concerned. They reflect national interests. They express an independent opinion from that of the Chinese and Pakistani governments. There is a notable dominance of negative frames in the editorials’ coverage of the BRI when it comes to certain themes of economics, management & administration. Keywords: PRC, Belt and Road Initiative, Pakistani Newspapers, Editorials DOI: 10.7176/NMMC/96-07 Publication date: June 30 th 2021