Online Child Research Articles

‘Paedophile Hunters’: Practitioner Perspectives

The National Police Chiefs’ Council (NPCC) position on Online Child Abuse Activist Groups (OCAGs), more commonly referred to as ‘paedophile hunters’, is that their motivation should be questioned since there is no positive advantage to policing. The problematic nature and inaccuracy of the term ‘paedophile hunter’ will be explored within this article, but the term is widely used in practice. Such activism increases risk to potential victims, the suspect and to the efficiency and effectiveness of criminal justice processes ( NPCC, 2018 ). The Probation Service (PS) has no formal position regarding the activity. Yet public fascination with those convicted of sexual offences against children and the appetite for naming and shaming these individuals is not a new phenomenon. The rise in popularity of the internet and the surge in content available online is more recent, and so is the problem of threat exceeding capacity. But what are the views of practitioners on this issue? Using in-depth qualitative interviews with police and probation practitioners, this paper examines how ‘paedophile hunting’ activity has become a concept in the management of sexual offending in England and Wales, and for the first time, reveals the views and attitudes of professionals working on the front line.

A Systematic Review of the Education and Awareness Interventions to Prevent Online Child Sexual Abuse.

Online child sexual abuse is highly prevalent in current society, in part, due to how technologically advanced children and adults have become. While much of the focus has been on perpetrator intervention, it is prudent to consider responses safeguarding children from potential perpetrators. Therefore, this review aimed to identify all the available empirical research on the prevention methods linked to education and awareness to determine the approaches' effectiveness, successes, and failures to aid future interventions. Databases were systematically searched for studies published between 2000 to 2020. Nine studies providing different prevention methods for online child sexual abuse were selected. A total sample of n = 672 and a descriptive approach was used for this study. While the interventions seemed to improve knowledge retainment of online safety, there was no significant change for risky online behavior. These findings provide specific suggestions for future interventions, particularly those focusing on risky online behaviors.

Parental Involvement in Children's Online Education During COVID-19; A Phenomenological Study in Saudi Arabia.

The global spread of COVID-19 has caused disruptions in many aspects of our lives. Education systems worldwide have changed dramatically. Numerous countries have encouraged schools to shift to e-learning and, as a result, parental involvement in their children’s education has changed. This study focused on parental involvement in children’s education during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study applied a qualitative phenomenological approach following a constructive social framework, whereby the researcher pursued an understanding of the world in which she lives and works. The primary tool employed to collect relevant data was in-depth interviews with six parents who voluntarily participated in the study in the western province of Saudi Arabia. Thematic analysis is applied to analyse the collected data. The study found that parental involvement in children’s schooling has been affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. Furthermore, the interviews revealed that parents would prefer to keep to their chosen role rather than fulfil the teaching role imposed on them by COVID-19. This paper contributes to the application of Hoover-Dempsey and Sandler’s model of parental involvement in children’s schooling, illustrating that an external force drives parental involvement. More specifically, many parents have been forced to change the form of their participation due to the unforeseen shift to e-learning.

Challenges of Online Learning Faced by Working Parents in Urban Areas

This paper analyzed the challenges faced by working parents in guiding their children during online learning. It will focus on issues related to technology, time and parents' knowledge related to their children's online learning. Qualitative method was adopted and 41 parents were interviewed through Google form. Urban areas were chosen as there is a lack of studies conducted on parents' challenges in urban areas. Findings showed that parents have average to good knowledge on technology and they are willing to learn on the platforms used by schools and spend time to accompany their children’s learning at home. However, parents stated that this role has also affected their office work.

REDUCING CYBER INCIDENTS THROUGH GOOD ONLINE BEHAVIORAL NORMS: LESSONS FROM SOUTH AFRICA

The phenomenon of cyber incidents has grown commonplace in schools throughout the world, including South Africa. Cyber mishaps are becoming more common, affecting both learners and parents, and expecting parents to supervise their children's online activity 24 hours a day is unrealistic. Several studies have highlighted several remedies, however even with such solutions, cyber incidents are still on the rise. As a result, the study aims to use a technical tool to investigate how cyber incidents can be reduced through good online behavioral norms which is an alternative strategy for reducing cyber occurrences among learners. Using the experimental action approach, the findings revealed that if learners are given alert messages that encourage them to consider appropriate behavioral standards, the number of learners who send hurtful messages may be lower than the number of learners who wish to send hurtful messages. As a result, the study suggests that educational institutions should step up their efforts to ensure that learners receive alarm messages that encourage them to consider appropriate behavior norms.

Persepsi Orang Tua Terhadap Pembelajaran Daring Di Masa Pandemi Covid-19 Dini di Taman Kanak-Kanak Kecamatan Pinolosian Kabupaten Bolaang Mongondow Selatan

The emergence of COVID-19 has created unprecedented challenges for the world. In Indonesia, the coronavirus has infected more than four million people since the first confirmed case in March 2020 and hundreds of thousands of people have died. The COVID-19 pandemic has devastated economic development and the continued development of human resources, especially education. To break the chain of transmission of COVID-19, more than 120 countries have imposed social distancing restrictions through school closures which impacted 1.6 billion students worldwide. In Indonesia, the government closed all schools and instruct online learning schools as an alternative solution so that the teaching and learning process continues. Parents play an important role in the running of online learning. Positive parental perceptions of online learning have implications for parental support to directly supervise their children's learning. However, technical constraints such as lack of information communication technology infrastructure such as smartphones and internet connections. In addition, the educational background of parents also affects the motivation of parents to be more active in supporting their children's online learning.

Persepsi Orang Tua Terhadap Pembelajaran Daring Di Masa Pandemi Covid-19 Dini di Taman Kanak-Kanak Kecamatan Pinolosian Kabupaten Bolaang Mongondow Selatan

The emergence of COVID-19 has created unprecedented challenges for the world. In Indonesia, the coronavirus has infected more than four million people since the first confirmed case in March 2020 and hundreds of thousands of people have died. The COVID-19 pandemic has devastated economic development and the continued development of human resources, especially education. To break the chain of transmission of COVID-19, more than 120 countries have imposed social distancing restrictions through school closures which impacted 1.6 billion students worldwide. In Indonesia, the government closed all schools and instruct online learning schools as an alternative solution so that the teaching and learning process continues. Parents play an important role in the running of online learning. Positive parental perceptions of online learning have implications for parental support to directly supervise their children's learning. However, technical constraints such as lack of information communication technology infrastructure such as smartphones and internet connections. In addition, the educational background of parents also affects the motivation of parents to be more active in supporting their children's online learning.

Prevalence of Online Child Pornography and Applicable Laws in India

Prevalence of Online Child Pornography and Applicable Laws in India

Development of Online Child Support Activities by Older Adults; An Action Research During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Japanese communities have been attempting a novel type of childcare support, wherein community-dwelling older adults form a specialized group (support group) that aims to provide child support activities. Before the COVID-19 pandemic, the group gathered children and mothers in community spaces and conducted events. However, on-site support had to be halted due to the pandemic. In this study, we report a case of action research aimed at shifting the activities online. First, a suitable online support plan was explored by hosting several discussions with child-rearing mothers. A questionnaire survey was then conducted to determine the most-sought intervention contents (N=19). Finally, based on the results, an intervention was conducted. As a result of the discussions, the hosting of online programs was set as the main goal. Out of the ten activities studied, the three most popular activities were programming (n=17), English conversation (n=16), and science workshop (n=15). Based on the results, an online science workshop that built a Bottleium, a small aquarium using a bottle, was hosted. Eight children participated in the event. A post-activity survey revealed that all participants attended the online activity for the first time, and the parents were happy to have joined the activity that entertained their child during the quarantine period. Furthermore, focus group interviews were conducted with the support group; they reported being satisfied with the outcome and recognized the importance of their role as member of support group. The results suggest the positive effect of this project on both older adults and the children.

PROBLEMATIKA PEMBELAJARAN DARING PANDEMI COVID-19 BAGI SISWA SEKOLAH DASAR DI DESA PASIRNANGKA KABUPATEN TANGERANG

The learning process that was originally done in schools turned into online learning due to the COVID-19 pandemic. This article wants to show the gap in parental assistance to children's online learning. This research was conducted in Pasirnangka Village, Tangerang Regency with elementary school student respondents and their parents as many as 10 students. This research aims to analyze the constraints of online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic. This research uses a type of descriptive qualitative method research. This study uses data collection techniques in the form of observations, interviews, and documentation. The result of this study is that in the implementation of online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic there are some obstacles students are less able to understand the material because there is no explanation from teachers, students feel bored and bored during online learning, parents who are busy working so that it is easy to get emotional in accompanying children to learn online. In conclusion, parents who are busy working difficult to accompany children to learn online so that elementary school-aged children are considered less effective to do online learning. In addition, the availability of mobile phones, quotas, and unstable internet networks is also assumed as factors inhibiting online learning.

Online Child Grooming – Some Remarks Against the Background of the Pandemic

Protection of children against sexual exploitation, particularly against exploitation in cyberspace, constitutes one of the most burning issues of the modern world. The Internet is frequently used as the beginning of the road to sexually exploiting a child, and as way of earning the child’s trust and gaining physical access to them. Unfortunately, the COVID-19 pandemic and isolation resulting from it brought with them substantial threats, also in this area, whose effects will be long-term. What was observed during the pandemic was not only an increase in online traffic related to the distribution of child pornography, but also a definite increase in behaviours that may be classified as grooming. It is sometimes considered that grooming is the basic method leading to child sexual exploitation, or even its immanent feature. Relatedly, what becomes an important issue is an analysis of legal regulations that concern grooming in cyberspace, and an attempt to answer the question whether the scope and level of protection provided to children by Polish criminal law are sufficient.

To Catch a Predator: The Lived Experience of Extreme Practices

Across several countries, ever-growing societal alarm about the threat of online child sexual exploitation has provoked a controversial civic response: volunteer pedophile hunting teams that expose predators in livestreamed confrontations. Their practices have generated strong criticisms from a police force unsure how to engage them because they lack an empathic understanding of hunters’ lived experience. Through a three-year phenomenological ethnography of a U.K. hunting team, we advance efforts across organization research to theorize the role of lived experience in social action. Specifically, we deploy the phenomenological concept “way-of-being” to explain hunters’ use of extreme practices. Our interpretive account shows how the multiple ways-of-being that characterize the team’s lifeworld suffuse their practices with a complex layered affectivity that is constitutive of the commitment necessary for their persistence. This offers a phenomenological alternative to social psychological models of motivations for vigilantism while also advancing emotions research in organizational institutionalism and practice theory. Practically, our study contributes to the policing challenge of mitigating hunting’s harmful effects by facilitating more constructive mutual engagement. This offers a possible pathway for addressing the broader challenge posed by epistemically closed, social media–enabled communities that act out their concerns in ways that disregard our common humanity.

Online child sexual exploitation material: A comparison from police data on men charged with child sexual exploitation material exclusively and men charged with contact child sexual abuse exclusively

We do not know whether men who access Child Sexual Exploitation Material (CSEM) are contact child-sex offenders using technology - or a new and different type of child sex offender. This study compares men who were charged with Contact Child Sexual Abuse (CCSA) (n = 95) exclusively, and men who were charged with offences involving online CSEM (n = 99) exclusively. This is the first study of its kind in Australia, the first to divide participants into mutually exclusive offending type groups and to do this using police data. Logistic regression results indicated that CSEM offenders were significantly more likely to be older, more likely to be employed, have fewer criminal charges and supervision violations compared to CCSA offenders. The findings further highlighted the heterogeneity of those charged with child sexual offences based on offence typology. The identification of demographic, lifestyle and interpersonal characteristic differences between online CSEM and CCSA offenders’ questions the use of uniform approaches to community supervision and treatment protocols. The implications of these findings are discussed in light of an increased volume of people charged with CSEM offences.

Social media and online safety practices of young parents.

Studies of parents' online safety concerns typically centre on information privacy and on worries over unknown third parties preying on children, whereas investigations into youth perspectives on online safety have found young people to focus on threats to safety or reputation by known individuals. The case of youth who are themselves parents raises questions regarding how these differing perspectives are negotiated by individuals who are in dual roles as youth and parents. Using interview and ethnographic observation data from the longitudinal Young Parent Study in British Columbia, Canada, this analysis investigates social media and online safety practices of 113 young parents. Online safety concerns of young parents in this study focused on personal safety, their children's online privacy and image management. These concerns reflect their dual roles, integrating youth image and information management concerns with parental concerns over the safety and information privacy of their own children.

Parents' perception regarding the concerns, competencies and perspectives of involvement in non-formal activities

This study aims to assess the perception of parents of primary school children about the concerns they have, the knowledge they have about their child's skills. Starting from the educational and socializing function of the family (Jabbarova, 2020; Syamsuddin, 2021), we formulated the following research questions: What type of problems does a 7-11 years old child have to confront? According to parents, which are the necessary abilities a 7-11 year old child has to possess? How much do children participate in non-formal activities in their spare time? 62 participants completed a semi-structured questionnaire and participated in 10 interviews. The results reveal particularities of the reality of family life, such as the reduced time spent by parents with their children, the concern of parents for the time spent by the child in the online environment. Parents also reported the lack of interdisciplinary, non-formal, attractive programs and projects for children. The results indicate the focus of parents in the formation of memory skills and critical thinking and less on academic skills. Parents express concerns about spending their child's time online but are confident that they can still handle this. The study actually describes some parents worried about many aspects of a child's life, however they are not involved in parenting programs.

Strategi Pola Asuh Keluarga Sebagai Pendamping Anak pada Pembelajaran Daring di Masa Pandemi Covid-19

Penelitian ini berjudul “Gaya Parenting dalam Pembelajaran Online Anak Selama Pandemi Covid-19” (Studi Kasus Desa Kelanir, Seteluk, Kabupaten Sumbawa Barat). Desa Kelanir merupakan desa terpencil yang terletak di balik perbukitan. Oleh karena itu, sulit untuk mendapatkan sinyal yang baik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji pola asuh dalam pembelajaran online anak di era covid-19. Penelitian ini menggunakan teori tindakan sosial Max Weber (Tindakan rasional-bertujuan, tindakan rasional-nilai, tindakan afektif dan tindakan tradisional). Metode penelitian ini adalah studi kasus kualitatif. Informan Partisipan adalah orang tua yang memiliki anak SMA. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara mendalam, observasi dan dokumentasi serta dianalisis dengan teknik reduksi data, penyajian data dan penarikan kesimpulan atau verifikatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya perubahan pola asuh. Sebelum pandemi covid-19, orang tua menerapkan tiga pola asuh yaitu permisif, otoriter, dan demokratis. Namun, orang tua mengubah pola asuh menjadi pola asuh otoriter dan demokratis hanya dalam proses pembelajaran online di masa pandemi covid-19. Tantangan parenting selama pembelajaran online adalah kesulitan sinyal, kurangnya pengetahuan, dan masalah waktu.

Crime against children in India by online child sexual abuse by female using the SPSS Method

Child Protection in India and sexual violence in public debate it marked a significant moment. Shock characterizes initial responses and from expressions of horror, Online and offline conversations are legal, moving rapidly into social and civic landscapes, Promotes what has been referred to as "rape culture". Government responses have ranged from initiating legal reform in public spaces it was up to increased security and surveillance. On the other hand, protectionism on women and children and patriarchy intensified domestically, Encourages more open participation in public life and restricts young women's social and professional choices. Expansion of the Internet and the proliferation of information technologies for child sexual abuse new opportunities have been created. Sex offenders indecency with children Access and distribute images and for abusive purposes they also use the Internet to select victims. Child sexual abuse Common A male crime General discussion and in both intellectual research and general inference, implicit or explicit. Considered to be closely associated with masculine behavior. This article is by women criminals about online child sexual abuse Aims to increase knowledge and understanding. As reviewed in the literature, online child sexual abuse is common Crime committed by men, Also this article is collected from Indian Police Through the analysis of qualitative data presents findings. Tamil Nadu ranks first in Crime against children in India by family members and Goa ranks lowest. For the statistical analysis, we used SPSS software version 16. The overall Cronbach's Alpha value for the model is 0.969.

PELAYANAN ADMINISTRASI KARTU IDENTITAS ANAK (KIA) SECARA ONLINE DI DINAS KEPENDUDUKAN DAN PENCATATAN SIPIL KOTA SEMARANG JAWA TENGAH

One product of population documents that is useful for ensuring the validity of child population data is the Child Identity Card (KIA). However, there are still many people who still doubt the benefits of the Child Identity Card (KIA), including the Child Identity Card (KIA) which is still considered less important by the residents because there are still many who do not know its use and application. The purpose of this study was to find out how the Online Child Identity Card (Kia) Issuance Service at the Department of Population and Civil Registration Semarang City, Central Java. In this study the author will use a descriptive qualitative method with an inductive approach. Data collection techniques using observation, documentation, interviews. Data analysis techniques using data reduction, data display/data presentation, conclusion drawing/verification. The results of this study, namely the online Child Identity Card (KIA) service carried out by the Semarang City Population and Civil Registration Service as a whole can be said to be good, but there are still obstacles that hinder the lack of staff in providing services. The Semarang City Population and Civil Registration Office opens vacancies and recruits daily freelancers who have good competence and ability so that they can provide optimal and maximum services to the community in the online Child Identity Card (KIA) Service process at the Semarang City Population and Civil Registration Service.
 Keywords: Service, Administration, Child Identity Card

Amusing Abusers and Humourless Survivors: Analysing the Role of Comedy in Media Representations of Sexual Violence

This article reflects on the importance of comedy when considering media engagements with sexual abuse themes. This approach is informed by how closely the study of humour is rooted in the analysis of power relations, with comic theorists, both historical and contemporary, grounding the work.The comic figures of both the child sex (CS) abuser and the sexual violence survivor are first identified, before exploring what exactly about these tropes evoke laughter, and what this means for wider conceptions of interpersonal abuse and victimology.
 In analysing examples of CS abuser themed British and American comedy, animated adult comedies such as Family Guy (1999-present) and Monkey Dust (2003-2005) are considered in the context of early 2000s anxieties towards the suburban dirty old man and online child safety. In the case of the sexual violence survivor, Saturday Night Live’s 1993 ‘Is It Date Rape?’ sketch is considered within the context of 1990s anxieties regarding feminist campus politics, and is paralleled to the mid-2010s media panic surrounding British and American university students and trigger warnings through examples including The Simpson’s 2017 ‘Caper Chase’ episode and early to mid-2010s online academic polemics on the humourless feminist, such as Mark Fisher’s ‘Exiting The Vampire Castle’ (2013) and Jack Halberstam’s ‘You are Triggering Me!’ (2014). The article concludes by considering the changing consensuses for sexual violence themed humour in the Me Too era through the 2018 episode of It’s Always Sunny in Philadelphia (2005-present) ‘Times Up For The Gang.’

Parents' Emotion Management for Personal Well-Being When Challenged by Their Online Work and Their Children's Online School.

Parents' emotional management was highly required during the COVID-19 lockdown, as juggling as their own job moved online and with being a parent of a child whose school was online proved to be a challenge for many. Our sample was restricted to parents who had to work online from their homes while their children had to attend school online, as external imposed conditions. The present study was based on Mayer and Salovey's theory and we aimed to investigate the relationship between parents' emotional intelligence and their ability to manage their emotions during this period, hypothesizing that a higher emotional intelligence and well-developed emotional management abilities contribute to better adjustment to everyday challenges, thus contributing to keeping levels of exhaustion low. The double role played by these adults strained their resources, therefore we were also interested in their level of burnout after almost a year spent in a home turned into office and school. We also investigated the participants' level of flourishing, as described by Ed Diener, as these changes impacted differently on every parent's well-being. The analysis of the data obtained offered us the possibility of issuing a series of recommendations for parents' well-being in such a situation, as the prospect of continuing to work and learn online in future seems very real. The need to set clear boundaries between the roles played in these settings emerged as a main objective of future therapeutic interventions based on positive psychology.