Ongoing Transition Research Articles

Afterlives of coal: land and transition dynamics in Central Appalachia

Abstract The US has witnessed unprecedented federal investments targeted to “energy communities” since 2021. Scholars, policy-makers, and activists have long sought to promote policies that ensure that energy transitions bring about just outcomes. However, emerging political frameworks for decarbonization and energy source transition frequently neglect to account for the role of incumbent actors in upholding long standing legal, economic, and political arrangements that produce uneven distributions of benefits and burdens in energy systems. In this paper, we reflect on ongoing energy transition efforts in Central Appalachia, sharing our experiences from community-based research documenting the localized effects of carbon forestry offsets, solar energy projects, and postmine land uses, such as prisons, that are structurally linked to concentrated land ownership and capture of federal investments by legacy actors who have long dominated local and regional extraction regimes. We argue that the success or failure of broad-based transition policies depends largely on place-based dynamics rooted in land: who controls the land, who has access to land, who benefits from investments in land, and how public revenues flow from land. Empirical analysis of the politics of land from the local vantage point offers insights into how elites who have historically controlled the extractive economy continue to shape the landscape, but also opens up different worlds of possibilities that emerge at different scales.

Fast because it’s just: fostering acceptance to accelerate sustainability transitions in coal-dependent regions

Abstract Coal-dependent communities and regions are at the frontline of the global energy transition, with net-zero scenarios requiring unprecedented sharp decreases in coal use and production in the next few decades. Rapid decarbonization in these ‘coal-dependent’ regions can result in high disruptiveness and trigger socio-political resistance across both the acceleration of coal phase-outs (decline) and clean energy phase-ins (diffusion). Lack of social acceptance (SA) stands as a critical bottleneck risking slowing down the pace of the transition. Governance strategies seeking the acceleration of coal transitions will therefore need to strike a delicate balance between disruptiveness and acceptance. We argue that fostering acceptance, for instance through just transition (JT) policies, does not simply serve as a means to pursue ‘just’ transition processes, but rather as a fundamental acceleration strategy for decline and diffusion dynamics that unfold simultaneously. To substantiate this argument, we conduct a narrative review cutting across the literature on JTs and SA of renewables’ innovations, and reinterpret them using a socio-technical (sustainability) transition perspective to outline three core propositions: (i) justice perceptions underlie acceptance; (ii) acceptance precedes reorientation; (iii) reorientation as a transition acceleration strategy. We then outline an integrative research agenda to renew the scientific focus towards the interconnections between justice-acceptance-acceleration in the ongoing transitions in coal-dependent regions and elsewhere.

A large synthetic dataset for machine learning applications in power transmission grids

With the ongoing energy transition, power grids are evolving fast. They operate more and more often close to their technical limit, under more and more volatile conditions. Fast, essentially real-time computational approaches to evaluate their operational safety, stability and reliability are therefore highly desirable. Machine Learning methods have been advocated to solve this challenge, however they are heavy consumers of training and testing data, while historical operational data for real-world power grids are hard if not impossible to access. This manuscript presents a large synthetic dataset of power injections in an electric transmission grid model of continental Europe, and describes the algorithm developed for its generation. The method allows one to generate arbitrarily large time series from the knowledge of the grid – the admittance of its lines as well as the location, type and capacity of its power generators – and aggregated power consumption data, such as the national load data given by ENTSO-E. The obtained datasets are statistically validated against real-world data.

Decision making about increased building automation – barriers, drivers and motivation factors

Energy efficiency has been identified as a way of addressing the need to reduce climate impact from fossil fuels. Furthermore, the ongoing twin transition may provide better and more energy-efficient control of buildings with systems such as building management systems (BMS). However, there appear to be barriers to investments in functional digital tools, as there are for other energy-efficient technologies for buildings. This paper is based on a questionnaire study with technology providers, decision makers and users of building management systems. The questionnaire included questions regarding barriers, drivers, and motivations for investments in BMS. Improved energy efficiency was found to be an important motivation for investments in BMS for users and decision makers, but the technology providers elevated more easy work as important. The main driver for investments in BMS was related to reduced energy costs, while for the decision makers, financial barriers such as risks and hidden cost were ranked highest. An important knowledge barrier was found as knowledge is needed for decisions about investments, use of BMS and decisions regarding IT security, such as handling of data. A key conclusion is the need for a facilitator, as knowledge is needed for decisions about BMS investments and for its use. On a broader scale, the paper argues for the need to include facilitators as a core part of future policies within the twin transition.

SWOT Analysis of Wind, Hydro, and Solar Energy Power Generation: Applications and Future Development in China

China is currently undergoing a transition in its energy structure, gradually reducing reliance on fossil fuels and increasing the proportion of clean energy sources. The government actively promotes the development of renewable energy, such as wind and solar power, while encouraging technological innovation to enhance energy efficiency. Additionally, China is exploring and promoting new energy technologies like nuclear and hydrogen power to establish a greener and low-carbon energy system in line with sustainable development goals. This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the current status of wind, solar, and hydro energy in China using a SWOT analysis approach. It examines the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats associated with each energy source, focusing particularly on their environmental impacts, technological hurdles, and resource distribution. Wind power stands out as an essential element within China's renewable energy mix due to its substantial potential for power generation capacity - ranking second globally. However, it confronts concerns regarding its environmental implications as well as output variability. Solar energy has advantages in directing solar power conversion and easy recycling; it exhibits promising prospects. But encounters conflicts related to land use and efficiency issues. Hydropower continues to be a major contributor; nevertheless, it poses ecological and social challenges. Furthermore, this paper scrutinizes China's leadership in renewable energy while offering recommendations for sustainable development and policy improvements that can facilitate its ongoing transition towards cleaner sources of power.

Sustainability–driven changes in the business incubation industry

Purpose This study aims to explore how the business incubation industry (BII) is dealing with the emerging challenges posed by the on-going transition toward an environmentally sustainable economy, from a business network perspective. Despite scholars and policymakers agreeing to emphasize the crucial role of the BII as a support sector for sustainability-driven new business development, it still needs to be determined how incubation organizations are dealing with the emerging priorities of sustainability. Design/methodology/approach The study relies on a qualitative interpretivist approach based on the data collected from 17 in-depth interviews with key informants from the BII of Emilia Romagna region, Italy. An industrial marketing and purchasing (IMP) analytical approach has been adopted to explore sustainability-driven changes in Incubation network contexts and dynamics. Findings This study shows that BII is increasingly exposed to the emergence of sustainability as a driving force in the development of new ventures. Main finding concerns the classification of incubation organizations in two macro groups, namely, local scouts and trendy scouts, according to their business incubation strategy and their approach to sustainability. Originality/value This study contributes to the IMP literature on the topic of sustainability by providing a filtered view through the eyes of incubators that are aware of the opportunities and obstacles to the development of new sustainable business models, resources and processes. Furthermore, this study lays the groundwork for analyzing the incubator ecosystem from an industrial perspective, highlighting the network of relationships used to support start-ups in their development.

Site Suitability Analysis for Green Hydrogen Production Using Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Methods: A Case Study in The State of Ceará, Brazil

– Brazil is leveraging its extensive potential in solar, wind, and hydro energy to establish itself on the global map of green hydrogen production—a pivotal component in the ongoing energy transition. The economic viability of green hydrogen hinges on optimal locations with abundant renewable resources, space for solar or wind farms, access to water, and the potential for exporting to major demand centers. In this context, this study evaluates the potential for green hydrogen production in the State of Ceará, Brazil, using multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) methods, which are designed to prioritize conflicting tangible and intangible criteria to determine the best decision alternatives. The additive ratio assessment (ARAS), simple additive weighting (SAW), combinative distance-based assessment (CODAS), and technique for order performance by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) methods are evaluated for decision-making purposes, with weighting and aggregation relying on the best-worst method (BWM) and ensemble ranking. Criteria considered in the analysis include suitable areas for wind and solar farms, wind and solar energy potentials, water availability, surface temperature, electrical infrastructure, population, and local gross domestic product (GDP). The municipalities with the highest potential for renewable hydrogen production identified are Tauá (638 kton/year), Araripe (471 kton/year), and Beberibe (462 kton/year). According to the results, Araripe emerges as the most suitable municipality for green hydrogen production in Ceará.

The Brazil-Germany Energy Partnership: From Nuclear To Green Hydrogen - A Perspective On Mutual Benefits In The Energy Transition Of The 21st Century

Background: This study explores the energy relations between Germany and Brazil within the context of the ongoing energy transition. It underscores the importance of international cooperation during this period of rapid climate change and discusses the mutual benefits for both countries resulting from the commercialization of green hydrogen. Materials and Methods: The research adopted a qualitative approach, essential for an in-depth exploration of the strategic relations between Germany and Brazil. The methodology consisted of a literature review, which involved consulting sources categorized into three main groups: (1) global warming and energy transition, (2) the green hydrogen context, and (3) energy relations between Germany and Brazil. Results: The findings highlight the strategic efforts of both countries to strengthen energy relations in the field of green hydrogen. This cooperation reflects a win-win dynamic, with significant mutual benefits in advancing the energy transition and fostering sustainable development. Conclusion: The study concludes that the strategic energy partnership between Germany and Brazil has evolved significantly, from nuclear cooperation in the 20th century to a current focus on green hydrogen production. This partnership represents a key example of international collaboration addressing global energy challenges.

Socio-cultural indicators for bioenergy: a survey-based review

The development of bioenergy projects, which play a major role in the ongoing energy transition, must rely on research by indicators. This type of research allows the establishment of criteria that can guide development choices on scientific bases. To promote the continuation and development of bioenergy projects as much as possible, it is very important to take an interest in the dimensions and socio-cultural issues of bioenergy. Based on a corpus of 257 articles sorted into two distinct phases, this paper analyzed 25 academic articles that specifically discussed and proposed socio-cultural indicators for the assessment and evaluation of bioenergy projects. We looked at how the indicators were used across the papers and identified differences and commonalities. This has led us to identify a total of 71 indicators and to propose 18 key indicators based on their widespread use and their ability to cover the socio-cultural dimensions of bioenergy production.

Emotions in sustainability advancement: Multiactor experiences of the ongoing green transition

Emotions in sustainability advancement: Multiactor experiences of the ongoing green transition

Cuerpo como territorio de paz: propuesta de Educación en Derechos Humanos en Espacios Informales y Contextos Juveniles

This paper, Body as a Territory of Peace: A Proposal for Human Rights Education in Informal Spaces and Youth Contexts, aims to describe a pedagogical proposal to connect with the possibilities offered by informal learning and leisure spaces. These possibilities, combined with the simplicity of neighborhood contexts, enable approaching the (re)conceptualization of the body as a territory of peace from education for human rights and the claim of education for peace. It is proposed to use the controversial pedagogy and the pedagogy of liberation to establish a dialogic process taking into account the contribution provided in volume V, “Enduring war and rebuilding life: Impacts, confrontations and resistances,” from the report of the Comisión de la Verdad de Colombia (2022) [Colombian Truth Commission], to ultimately narrate the experience through the diversity offered by art. This pedagogical proposal offers an opportunity to heal the wounds and tend to the scars left by the internal armed conflict in Colombia, even when they seem invisible, claiming spaces of memory that history has also imprinted on the skin during our country's ongoing transition to peace.

Challenges in the transition of care for rare connective tissue diseases: results from the 2023 ERN ReCONNET Transition of Care Task Force survey.

Two different European Reference Networks cover CTDs with paediatric onset, the European Reference Network on Rare and Complex Connective Tissue Diseases (ERN ReCONNET) and the European Reference Network on Rare Immunological Disorders (ERN RITA). The transition of care is a significant focus, with ReCONNET centres actively addressing this through updated programs. Despite these efforts, challenges persist. We aimed to inventory transitional care programs for rare CTDs across Europe. In April 2023, the ERN ReCONNET Transition of Care Task Force, consisting of expert clinicians, patient advocates and coordination team members, created a survey to assess transitional care practices. The survey was distributed to ERN ReCONNET and ERN RITA centres and responses received by 15 March 2024 were analysed. A total of 67 responses from 59 centres across 20 European countries were collected. Paediatric rheumatologists typically initiated the transition process (49% of centres). Twenty centres had joint clinics. Despite positive self-assessments of transitional programs, significant limitations were noted. Transition policies varied, with only 40% of centres having a formal standardized policy and less than half of the centres adhering to available transition of care guidelines. Transfer readiness was evaluated using validated questionnaires in 13% of centres, while 29% transitioned patients based solely on age without any readiness assessments. The main challenges included finding adult-oriented centres and the lack of guidelines or engagement from adult centres. Adult healthcare providers also noted a lack of training in adolescent medicine. The survey highlighted diverse transition practices and resources across centres, with challenges in readiness evaluation and the use of guidelines. Despite these obstacles, respondents rated ongoing transition processes positively. Enhancing patient perspectives in the transition process is crucial to meet their needs during this critical phase.

Explaining the role of proximate and indirect determinants on fertility decline in Timor-Leste

ABSTRACT Timor-Leste’s rapid population growth since independence in 2002 has been driven by a high total fertility rate, declining mortality rates, and refugee repatriation. Understanding fertility dynamics is necessary for empowering women’s reproductive decision-making. This study investigates the ongoing fertility transition in Timor-Leste by applying Bongaarts’ Proximate Determinants of Fertility to Demographic and Health Survey data. Marriage had the greatest fertility effect on total fecundity rate. Postpartum insusceptibility contributed most to the change in total fertility rate between 2009-10 and 2016. A binary logistic regression model was developed to analyse the effect of selected Indirect Determinants on age at first cohabitation, a proxy measure for the Index of Marriage. This demonstrated that educational attainment, affluence, and access to media significantly affected age at first cohabitation. These findings could be integrated into aligning policy with the intricate local social, cultural, and political context in Timor-Leste in reproductive decision-making.

Effect of particles from wind turbine blades erosion on blue mussels Mytilus edulis

Offshore wind farms (OWFs) pose new anthropogenic pressures on the marine environment as the erosion of turbine blades release organic and inorganic substances with potential consequences for marine life. In the present study, possible effects of the released particles and their chemical constituents on the metabolic profile of the blue mussel, Mytilus edulis, were investigated, utilizing 1H NMR spectroscopy. In the lab, mussels were exposed for 7 and 14 days to different concentrations (10 and 40 mg/L) of microplastic (MP) particles which were derived from cryo-milled rotor blade coatings and core materials (glass fiber polymer, GFP). Raman imaging techniques revealed that 30–40 % of the coating and GFP particles had MP sizes below 5 μm, with the majority (~98 %) being ≤50 μm. Despite the identified enrichment factors (EF) for metals and metalloids from the rotor blade materials, especially Ba, Cu, Cd, Cr and Ni with EFs between 0.93 and 6.1, untargeted metabolic profiling of the entire soft body tissues of M. edulis showed no significant metabolic disruption, regardless of the particle concentration. Observed trends in elevated concentrations of metabolites may indicate a possible short-term effect on mussels' neuroendocrine system and a possible long-term effect on energy metabolism. Experimental worst-case scenario of massive abrasion and the minimal response observed in M. edulis under the conditions tested suggest that erosion caused by wind turbine blades may pose little to no risk to bivalves at this stage. However, it is important to note that this study is only a preliminary step and further studies are needed to obtain a comprehensive overview of the issue before reaching a definite firm conclusion regarding the potential threat of OWFs abrasion to the marine environment, particularly considering the planned future extension of windpark construction in connection with the ongoing EU-wide energy transition.

A Combined Investment and Operational Optimization Approach for Power-to-Methanol Plants

In the global effort for industrial decarbonization, repurposing closed coal-fired power plants into power-to-methanol (PtM) plants offers a promising pathway to reduce CO2 emissions while leveraging existing infrastructure. This study introduces a novel combined optimization approach using mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) to simultaneously optimize the investment and operation of a PtM plant, assessing its economic viability. The model incorporates the operational flexibility of proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolyzers in response to fluctuating electricity prices through a piecewise linear representation of its load–efficiency characteristic curve. A case study of a repurposed coal plant in Austria demonstrates the model’s applicability and practical relevance. The results show that larger electrolyzer capacities, i.e., 434 MW, with flexible part-load operation can significantly reduce methanol production costs, i.e., EUR 0.8/kg, achieving competitiveness under high CO2 pricing scenarios, i.e., EUR 500/ton. A sensitivity analysis is performed to identify the critical factors influencing production costs. This study concludes that the combined investment and operational optimization approach effectively captures the essential elements of PtM systems, enabling faster, better, and operation-informed investment decisions for innovative technologies to support the ongoing energy transition. These findings indicate that PtM technologies can be a viable solution for asset repurposing, grid stabilization, and decarbonizing hard-to-abate sectors.

Investigating Non-Solvent Induced Phase Separation as a Fabrication Method for Lithium-Ion Battery Electrodes

Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are considered a key technology in the ongoing sustainable energy transition due to their importance in decarbonizing the transportation and electric power sectors. However, present embodiments cannot fully address the stringent, and often incongruous, performance, cost, and scale requirements associated with current and emerging applications, hindering widespread adoption.1 A critical barrier lies in electrode architectures capable of accommodating the high mass loadings of charge-storage materials needed to increase system-level energy densities and reduce system costs. A direct approach to maximizing electrode areal capacity and, consequently, enhancing energy densities is the use of thicker electrodes (>150 μm). While techniques such as particle alignment via magnetic fields2 and directional ice templating3 have shown promise in producing robust, thick electrodes beyond what is achievable with conventional slurry casting, these methods result in a constrained set of attainable microstructures, thus limiting design flexibility and complicating the understanding of structure-property relationships.Non-solvent induced phase separation (NIPS), a well-established membrane fabrication approach, holds potential for thick electrode production. Unlike many other processes, NIPS enables greater control over the electrode microstructure through systematic adjustment of reaction precursors and synthesis conditions, supporting the development of complex electrode designs tailored for a diversity of applications.4 Despite its promise, to date only a few studies of NIPS for LIB electrode production exist,5,6 which hampers our understanding of how design parameters impact the resulting electrode structure and performance.In this presentation, we describe how various process parameters in the NIPS fabrication procedure impact the final LIB electrode morphology, including the loading and distribution of charge-storage materials. Employing a combination of imaging and analytical techniques such as SEM-EDS, XTM, and thermogravimetric analysis, we offer insights into the critical design parameters governing the integration of active materials into the polymer matrix. Electrochemical methods including voltammetry, impedance spectroscopy, and durational cycling are utilized to evaluate performance characteristics and establish connections to the physical structure. We close with a discussion of the implementation of such electrodes into novel cell architectures and the opportunities this may enable for deploying thick electrodes. Overall, this work provides a basis for future optimization of the NIPS methodology, facilitating the advancement of thick electrodes for electrochemical energy storage and conversion.

Investigation of Rate Capability and Mass Transfer Dynamics in Lithium-Ion Batteries

Lithium-ion batteries are poised to play a pivotal role in achieving net-zero emissions amidst the ongoing global green transition. The quest for new and sustainable battery chemistries is imperative to meet the anticipated increase in demand. Consequently, the development of cost-effective electrochemical techniques holds significant importance in advancing battery research. Ongoing efforts aim to surpass conventional energy storage solutions, focusing on enhancing energy density and capacity. Thicker electrodes offer a promising pathway for enhancing the electrochemical performance of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs); however, their utilization presents challenges stemming from issues such as increased tortuosity, cracking, and delamination. These challenges ultimately compromise electrode mechanical integrity and reduce energy density, particularly at higher C rates. Addressing these challenges requires exploring the mass transport properties within the electrodes to enhance diffusion. Investigating the rate capabilities and the phenomenon of electrode mass transport presents an opportunity to gain comprehensive insights into the diffusion processes, which is essential for optimizing LIB performance [1], [2].In this study, cathodes were fabricated using lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide (NMC111) as the active material, employing two different binders and corresponding solvents: the conventional binder polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) with N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP), and a more sustainable alternative utilizing lignin as the binder and water as the solvent. These cathodes were integrated into half-cells, and their electrochemical performance was assessed through galvanostatic cycling. The rate performance analysis revealed an improvement in performance correlating with electrode thickness, reaching an optimal point where capacity retention begins to decline. The PVDF/NMP cathodes utilized for assessing rate performance exhibited active mass loadings ranging from 3.4 ± 0.2 to 19.8 ± 0.5 mg/cm2. Notably, a notable decline in specific discharge capacity was observed at higher C-rates as the active mass loadings decreased for PVDF/NMP half-cells. Among these, electrodes with an active mass loading of 3.4 ± 0.2 mg/cm2 demonstrated superior performance, achieving a specific discharge capacity of 95 mAh/g at 5.0 C.The main overpotentials (ohmic, reaction, and concentration) were investigated by plotting cell potentials against current densities in lignin/water and PVDF/NMP half-cells. This facilitated the calculation of the effective mass transfer coefficient using two definitions of state of charge (SoC): nominal, referencing the initial capacity, and dynamic, based on the capacity achieved in each cycle. This analysis aimed to explore cathode characterization possibilities and evaluate the influence of the binder. Mass transport analysis indicated that cathodes fabricated with lignin and utilizing nominal SoC yielded more anticipated curves and reliable outcomes than those using PVDF/NMP. Polarization curves revealed that lignin/water cathodes exhibited the highest concentration overpotentials. However, challenges were observed in estimating ohmic resistance. Additionally, the results demonstrated that the effective mass transfer coefficient declines with increasing current indicative of a larger diffusion layer at lower SoC.

International Political Economy, Business Ecosystems, Entrepreneurship, and Sustainability: A Synthesis on the Case of the Energy Sector

This paper explores the intricate relationships among the evolution of the international political economy, the dynamics of business ecosystems, and the transformations in entrepreneurship within the European energy sector, with a specific emphasis on Greece, particularly the less developed region of Eastern Macedonia and Thrace. The aim is to understand how geopolitical, economic, and technological dynamics interact across macro-, meso-, and microlevels, especially within the context of the ongoing global energy transition. A multi-method approach is employed, including interviews with 16 experts, a survey of 89 energy firms, and eight in-depth interviews with microfirm owners. A key finding is that an integrated and evolutionary macro–meso–micro framework is essential for understanding and addressing the complex dynamics across various sectors, especially in the energy sector. The study highlights the need for targeted support for smaller firms through a restructured energy policy to foster local entrepreneurship and innovation. It further emphasizes that understanding the evolution of the global energy system and its components is crucial for addressing sustainability in environmental and socioeconomic terms, as the emerging model of energy production and consumption is directly tied to the reshaping of socioeconomic development models in the new globalization.

Hypertension in Adults With Diabetes in Southeast Asia: A Systematic Review.

Diabetes is one of the most pressing health issues in the Southeast Asian region, and hypertension has been commonly reported as a comorbidity in adults with diabetes. This systematic review aimed to synthesize evidence on theprevalence and management of hypertension in adults with diabetes in Southeast Asian countries. A literature search was conducted in Ovid MEDLINE and Embase Classic + Embase from database inception until March 15, 2024. Studies were included if (1) they were conducted in Southeast Asian countries, (2) the study populations were adults with diabetes, and (3) there was information related to hypertension or blood pressure (BP) in the study results. Of the 7486 abstracts found, 90 studies qualified for this review. Most studies reported a hypertension prevalence of 70% or higher (ranging from 29.4% to 93.4%). Despite this high prevalence, a substantial proportion of these populations did not receive adequate BP control, with most studies indicating a control rate of less than 40%. There was limited evidence on the prescription of antihypertensive therapies and medication adherence. There was a lack of studies from 4 of the 11 countries in the region. This review highlights that BP control in adults with diabetes remains a significant challenge in Southeast Asia. Given the ongoing epidemiological transition, and the increasing older population in this region who are likely to accumulate multiple chronic conditions complicating medication strategies, this review highlights the urgent need to improve BP management in those with diabetes.

Determinants of Poor Health Outcome Among Older Adults in India

Self-rated health (SRH) is a crucial indicator of overall health status, functionality, and mortality among older adults. This study examines the socio-economic correlates of health outcomes among older adults aged 45-59 in India using data from the Longitudinal Ageing Study of India Wave-I. Descriptive analysis, bi-variate analysis, and multivariate logistic regression were performed to investigate the factors that best explain and predict SRH. The results show that age, gender, place of residence, education, marital status, religion, social category, living arrangements, work status, income, multimorbidity, functional limitations, nutritional status, and health behaviours are significant determinants of poor SRH. Multimorbidity and functional limitations were found to be the principal determinants of poor SRH. The likelihood of reporting poor SRH increases with age, being female, living in rural areas, having lower education, being unmarried, divorced, or widowed, belonging to disadvantaged social categories, living with a spouse or others, not currently working, having lower income, being underweight, and engaging in risky health behaviours. The findings highlight the need to strengthen healthcare services for older adults in India, considering the ongoing demographic transition and the substantial proportion of poor SRH in this age group. Addressing the needs of older adults aged 45-59 can help the nation benefit from the demographic dividend.