One-way Transmission Research Articles

Construction of cellulose 3D network composite membrane supported by hydroxylated boron nitride with high surface charge density to achieve high-efficiency osmotic energy harvesting

Ion selectivity and mechanical persistence are critical properties of membranes to harvest osmotic energy. Two-dimensional nanofluidic membranes have been studied to enhance those properties, whereas they are usually constrained due to unsatisfactory mass transfer performances. Herein, a ternary three-dimensional membrane (T-CNF/PVDF/BN-OH composite membrane, abbreviated as CPBN) with distinct mechanical strength and high surface charge density (−2.65 mC·m−2) for sustainable osmotic energy harvesting is designed. In CPBN, negatively charged TEMPO-oxidized cellulose acts as a scaffold and constructs a 3D network structure together with the hydroxylated boron nitride (BN-OH) via a self-assembly process. The affluent nano-constrained ion channels effectively enhance the controllability and effectiveness of ion transport. The abundant ionized carboxyl groups extremely facilitate the selective transportation of the cations, while the BN-OH also assist this process, promoting the one-way transmission of cations in the channel. Additionally, the participation of PVDF polymer forms a network interlock structure, which significantly improves mechanical performances and stability in water. The membrane demonstrates a high power density (10.6 W/m2), measured in minimal testing areas, and an average power density around 1 W/m2 in larger areas, with an energy conversion efficiency of up to 30.7 %. This study provides a promising exploration of replacing traditional two-dimensional layered structure with three-dimensional network structure of cellulose for osmotic energy harvesting.

Multi-party quantum key distribution protocol in quantum network

This study proposes a measurement property of graph states and applies it to design a mediated multiparty quantum key distribution (M-MQKD) protocol for a repeater-based quantum network in a restricted quantum environment. The protocol enables remote classical users, who cannot directly transmit qubits, to securely distribute a secret key with the assistance of potentially dishonest quantum repeaters. Classical users only require two quantum capabilities, while quantum repeaters handle entanglement transmission through single-photon measurements. The one-way transmission approach eliminates the need for additional defenses against quantum Trojan horse attacks, reducing maintenance costs compared to round-trip or circular transmission methods. As a result, the M-MQKD protocol is lightweight and easy to implement. The study also evaluates the security of the protocol and demonstrates its practicality through quantum network simulations.

Broadband acoustic pseudospin topological states based on the reverse spin-orbit coupling in generalized insulators

Acoustic topological insulators have the excellent characteristic of the pseudospin-dependent one-way transmission of sound edge states immune to backscattering. We realize the broadband acoustic pseudospin topological edge states with subwavelength generalized topological insulators, which is achieved by reverse pseudospin-orbit coupling. The subwavelength band and broadband nontrivial bandgap can be achieved by adjusting the topological structure of the scatterers and introducing resonators. The results demonstrate that the resonator can significantly reduce the frequencies of p-states and d-states by introducing resonance scattering; the scattering size and rotation angles change the frequencies of p-states and d-states in opposite directions by adjusting the distribution of the sound field. Then, we experimentally realize the pseudospin-dependent one-way transmission of sound edge states along the interface separating phononic crystals with distinct topological phases. Our research provides a systematic scheme for the design of acoustic topological insulators with versatile applications.

Research on the energy transmission mode of a three-port DC–DC converter based on ultra-thin silicon steel

With the introduction of China’s “Carbon Peaking Action Plan Before 2030,” the transformation of the power industry has released huge opportunities and potential. The DC distribution network can well-coordinate the contradiction between distributed power and grid access, fully develop the benefits of distributed energy, and become a new direction for the development of the power industry. However, the current traditional DC–DC converters have problems such as single-topology structure and low power density, which can only complete one-way transmission of energy; hence, the distributed energy cannot be fully utilized. Addressing the problem of distributed energy transfer, this paper is based on a three-port DC–DC converter for a low-voltage DC distribution network to realize energy transfer between the DC distribution network, distributed energy, and low-voltage load. First, the energy transfer modes of the three-port DC–DC converter are introduced. Combined with the converter topology and energy transfer mode, a simplified equivalent model of the converter is established. The voltage gain characteristics and frequency characteristics of this converter are studied. Furthermore, the effects of the excitation inductance to primary resonance inductance ratio parameter k and quality factor Q on the voltage gain characteristics of the converter are discussed. On this basis, the resonant cavity design of the converter is based on the optimal selection of parameters k and Q so that the converter can meet the voltage gain requirements in both forward and reverse operations. The simulation results under different loads verify the reasonableness of the resonant cavity component selection.

Wideband isolator based on one-way surface magnetoplasmons with ultra-high isolation

In this paper, we present a new type of isolator based on one-way surface magnetoplasmons (SMPs) at microwave frequencies, and it is the first time that an experimental prototype of isolator with wideband and ultra-high isolation is realized using SMP waveguide. The proposed model with gyromagnetic and dielectric layers is systematically analyzed to obtain the dispersion properties of all the possible modes, and a one-way SMP mode is found to have the unidirectional transmission property. In simulation and experiment with metallic waveguide loaded with yttrium–iron–garnet (YIG) ferrite, the scattering parameters and the field distributions agree well with the analysis and verify the one-way transmission property. The isolation is found to be as high as 80 dB and the typical value of insertion loss is 1 dB. Besides, the one-way transmission band can be controlled by changing the magnetic bias. From theoretical analysis and simulation, it is found that with a tiny value of 10 Oe of the magnetic bias, the relative bandwidth can be tuned to be greater than 50%. Compared with conventional isolators, this one-way SMP isolator has the advantages of ultra-high isolation, wide relative frequency band, and requires much smaller bias field, which has promising potential in non-reciprocal applications.

One-way valley-locked waveguide with a large channel achieved by all-dielectric photonic crystals.

One-way transmission of light constitutes the cornerstone of modern photonic circuits. In the realm of photonic devices, it has been widely utilized in isolators, circulators, etc. Recent topology in artificial materials, an unprecedented degree of freedom, has been proposed to solve the effect of impurities on one-way transmission. However, in view of the bulk-edge correspondence, the spatial width of the transmission channel with uniform field distribution is quite narrow and needs further exploration. In this paper, we proposed a one-way valley-locked waveguide with a large channel in an all-dielectric reciprocal photonic crystal. Quite different from the topological edge states, our waveguide is topologically trivial; the unidirectional property comes from the bulk modes with valley-lock in the vicinity of Dirac points, which can naturally fully utilize the whole dimension of the structure. Additionally, such one-way bulk modes keep single mode regardless of the channel width increasing, along with uniform electrical field distribution across the entire channel, which opens a new avenue for large channel optical devices.

Data management of X bill of material of missile and rocket products based on digital thread

The X bill of material (XBOM) of a missile and rocket product is a comprehensive and basic support document produced by a multi-stakeholder that considers structural composition, data information and interactional processes in different life stages. The XBOM data management of missile and rocket products coordinates the data organization and control in the whole life cycle, eliminates the interactional disconnection and one-way transmission between related parties, business and data in different life stages and provides effective data source support for the full digital model supply. To meet the requirements of organic integration and multi-party collaboration, this paper proposes the XBOM data management method based on digital thread. Firstly, the digital thread framework is analyzed, and the XBOM data management architecture based on the digital thread is proposed and established. Secondly, guided by the hierarchy of "data-interaction-modeling-application", the XBOM data management method for the missile and rocket product are developed, including data organization, data relational analysis, data modeling and data application. Finally, the structural system of a certain model of carrier rocket is studied, and the XBOM data management system based on digital thread is developed and its application is validated.

Exploring the Evolution of Educational Methods: Perspectives from Imaginative Culture and Human Nature

Education is a fundamental pillar in human development, and its evolution throughout history has been influenced by a variety of factors, including imaginative culture and human nature. In this study, we explore how educational methods have evolved in response to the interaction between these two aspects. We look at how human creativity, imagination, and adaptation have influenced the way we teach and learn, from early forms of knowledge transmission to more contemporary approaches focused on active student engagement and the development of practical skills. Our research is based on a comprehensive review of the academic literature in the fields of education, evolutionary psychology, cultural anthropology, and imagination studies. We explore how societies have used imagination as a tool to transmit knowledge and values, as well as to foster creativity and individual expression. We also examine how adaptive aspects of human nature, such as the ability to learn collaboratively and adapt to changing environments, have influenced the way educational methods are designed. Our results show a clear evolution in educational methods over time, from approaches focused on the one-way transmission of knowledge to more interactive and participatory models that encourage exploration and discovery. We identify common patterns in the way societies have used imagination and adaptation to promote learning and socialization and discuss the implications of these findings for contemporary education. In conclusion, this study highlights the importance of understanding the relationship between imaginative culture, human nature, and education. It provides a solid foundation for the design of educational methods that harness the innate creativity and adaptability of human beings and offers guidance for educators and policymakers on how to promote meaningful and lasting learning in today's world.

Reversible Optical Isolators and Quasi-Circulators Using a Magneto-Optical Fabry–Pérot Cavity

Nonreciprocal optical devices are essential for laser protection, modern optical communication and quantum information processing by enforcing one-way light propagation. The conventional Faraday magneto-optical nonreciprocal devices rely on a strong magnetic field, which is provided by a permanent magnet. As a result, the isolation direction of such devices is fixed and severely restricts their applications in quantum networks. In this work, we experimentally demonstrate the simultaneous one-way transmission and unidirectional reflection by using a magneto-optical Fabry–Pérot cavity and a magnetic field strength of 50 mT. An optical isolator and a three-port quasi-circulator are realized based on this nonreciprocal cavity system. The isolator achieves an isolation ratio of up to 22 dB and an averaged insertion loss down to 0.97 dB. The quasi-circulator is realized with a fidelity exceeding 99% and an overall survival probability of 89.9%, corresponding to an insertion loss of ∼0.46 dB. The magnetic field is provided by an electromagnetic coil, thereby allowing for reversing the light circulating path. The reversible quasi-circulator paves the way for building reconfigurable quantum networks.

Low-Latency Wireless Network Extension for Industrial Internet of Things.

The timely delivery of critical messages in real-time environments is an increasing requirement for industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) networks. Similar to wired time-sensitive networking (TSN) techniques, which bifurcate traffic flows based on priority, the proposed wireless method aims to ensure that critical traffic arrives rapidly across multiple hops to enable numerous IIoT use cases. IIoT architectures are migrating toward wirelessly connected edges, creating a desire to extend TSN-like functionality to a wireless format. Existing protocols possess inherent challenges to achieving this prioritized low-latency communication, ranging from rigidly scheduled time division transmissions, scalability/jitter of carrier-sense multiple access (CSMA) protocols, and encryption-induced latency. This paper presents a hardware-validated low-latency technique built upon receiver-assigned code division multiple access (RA-CDMA) techniques to implement a secure wireless TSN-like extension suitable for the IIoT. Results from our hardware prototype, constructed on the IntelFPGA Arria 10 platform, show that (sub-)millisecond single-hop latencies can be achieved for each of the available message types, ranging from 12 bits up to 224 bits of payload. By achieving one-way transmission of under 1 ms, a reliable wireless TSN extension with comparable timelines to 802.1Q and/or 5G is achievable and proven in concept through our hardware prototype.

청소년 실천공동체 학습 모형 개발

Objectives This study aimed to develop an initial conceptual model of adolescence community of practice learning to overcome the limitations of knowledge memorization-based education and to revitalize education based on practical experiences suitable for the development of competencies required in the future society. This study sought to find ways to revitalize adolescence community of practice so that adolescence can grow educationally through more self-directed and practical experiences.
 Methods To develop the conceptual model, this study applied Randers’(1980) four-step methodology. First, for conceptualization, this study reconceptualized the general components of community of practice through literature review to fit adolescence community of practice. Second, for formalization, in-depth interviews with adolescence community of practice stakeholders were conducted to derive the constructs of the adolescence community of practice conceptual model and to illustrate the relationships among the constructs. Third, for validation, this study gathered perspectives, advice, and evaluations from experts with experience and knowledge in adolescence community of practice. The fourth step, implementation, is the policy dissemination and diffusion of the conceptual model, so this study was limited to the verification stage.
 Results The characteristics of adolescence community of practice learning model are youth's subjective interest, communication with others through joint activities, and practical activities inside and outside of school. The design principles are facilitative design principles, participatory design principles, ecological design principles. The strategies are summarized as stepping stone strategy, seed cultivation strategy, process-oriented strategy. Connecting them to the goals of the learning model, which are to have their own thoughts and language, improve communication with others, and improve problem-solving skills, this study summarized the process of forming self-interest, social expansion, and expansion of activities from self-standing to self-standing by comparing it to the life cycle of a tree.
 Conclusions By utilizing the adolescence community of practice learning model, adolescence can improve their ability to collaborate with others through education based on their interests and interests, rather than one-way transmission education centered on instructors, and they can acquire competencies by solving practical problems by themselves.

One-way semi-quantum private comparison protocol without pre-shared keys based on unitary operations

Semi-quantum private comparison is a method for private comparison with fewer quantum resources, enabling classical participants to collaborate with a semi-honest third party possessing complete quantum capabilities. A one-way quantum private comparison protocol is devised only by unitary operations. The protocol facilitates one-way transmission between third party (TP) and classical participants in quantum communication, where the classical participants only need to perform unitary operations and measurement operations on the transmitted qubits. In addition, classical participants do not require pre-shared keys. It is shown that the qubit efficiency of this protocol is 12.5%. Finally, security analysis and the simulation results on the IBM Quantum Experience demonstrate the security and the feasibility of this protocol.

Fractal acoustic metamaterials with near-zero index and negative properties

A subwavelength two-dimensional fractal acoustic metamaterial was designed based on the Hilbert fractal curve and spatial curl concept. The equivalent acoustic parameters of the fractal acoustic metamaterial were extracted by the equivalent parameter method, and the acoustic metamaterial exhibited near-zero density and negative density properties at specific frequency points. The analysis based on the finite element method shows that the acoustic prism constructed by using the near-zero density property of this acoustic metamaterial can realize the single-channel acoustic unidirectional transmission and multichannel acoustic unidirectional transmission effect, the bidirectional acoustic conduction and multidirectional acoustic conduction effect, and the bidirectional sound insulation effect. We also investigated the effect of embedding rigid scatterers inside the prism on the acoustic one-way transmission performance. Based on the acoustic direction selection mechanism of the near-zero refractive index acoustic metamaterial, arbitrary modulation of the plane acoustic wave emission direction can be achieved by changing the angle of the acoustic prism emission interface. In addition, the negative density property of the acoustic metamaterial is used to design an acoustic triangular prism to realize the acoustic negative refraction phenomenon. next, we discuss the trend of the influence of the geometrical parameters of the metamaterial on its effective properties, where the modulating wave frequency gradually moves to lower frequencies as the geometrical parameters of the metamaterial structural units increase. Finally, we fabricated the corresponding experimental samples of acoustic prisms using 3d printing technology and conducted experimental tests. The results show that the measured acoustic pressure field distribution matches well with the analytical results of the finite element method, which proves the accuracy of the results and the reasonableness of the structure, indicating that acoustic prisms composed of this acoustic super-material are expected to be used in ultrasonic imaging, acoustic energy rectification and other fields.

Integration of Virtual Reality Technology and Innovative Teaching Practices in Rehabilitation Education and Management

Abstract At present, the scale of rehabilitation medicine professional education is difficult to meet the needs of society, the traditional one-way transmission of the teaching mode is not effective, and there is a lack of standardized personnel training programs. This paper proposes rehabilitation education and management practices based on virtual reality technology. Using 3DMax software, the VR scene for rehabilitation education and management practice was constructed, and the scene’s rendering effect was optimized with the help of the SSAO algorithm. By exploring the teaching function orientation of virtual reality technology, the VR scene can be integrated into rehabilitation teaching in colleges and universities so as to design a rehabilitation management teaching mode based on VR technology. The results show that no matter which dataset, the frame rate of the improved SSAO algorithm is greater than that of the SSAO algorithm, and the difference is specifically shown as 7~15 frames/s. In addition, there are significant differences between the teaching mode of this paper and the traditional teaching mode in terms of the quality of teaching, assessment scores, and satisfaction (P<0.05). The research in this paper can effectively enhance the theory and skill level of students, resulting in better innovation in rehabilitation education and management practice.

An Anti-Collision Algorithm for Self-Organizing Vehicular Ad-Hoc Network Using Deep Learning

The rapid increase of the number of motor vehicles over the last several decades has driven a corresponding increase in the severity of traffic congestion, which has exhibited a considerable human impact. Intelligent anti-collision control via inter-vehicle communication technology can facilitate vehicles adhering to spacing speed standards and improve road utilization and traffic efficiency. In this paper, we apply a deep learning image estimation model based on joint attention mechanism. The network framework uses a deep estimation network Yolov5 and a location based VANET information fast transmission strategy to work together. This paper mainly considers vehicle distance measurement technology as a point of entry to study multi-sensor information fusion for vehicle collision prevention technology based on the self-organizing vehicular ad-hoc network (VANET). This paper also proposes a solution based on the strategy of one-way transmission of shared information and dynamic valuation of a cluster distance threshold with vehicle density. The proposed vehicle anti-collision control algorithm is designed to realize dynamic vehicle control via inter-vehicle communication. In this paper, the two-way coupling of traffic flow and network simulator is used to randomly generate vehicle nodes on the road, and the behavior of the anti-collision system is simulated. The experimental results show that the predetermined control goal is achieved, which demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.

FDM-assisted opposite two-way OA-CEAS system employing four lasers for simultaneous multi-species detection.

An FDM-assisted opposite two-way OA-CEAS system is reported in this paper. Compared with the traditional OA-CEAS system with one-way transmission configuration, the new system has two main advantages. One of the advantages is that four lasers can be employed for simultaneous measurements of multiple species in this system. Another advantage is the combination of the silver-coated concave spherical mirror and the narrow bandpass filter employed to realize the opposite two-way transmission in the optical cavity which can also serve as a re-injection mirror and optical enhancement gotten for free in the system. The performance of the system is demonstrated by simultaneous measurements of CO, CO2, C2H4, and CH4. This work highlights a new strategy for simultaneous detection by using four lasers in a single optical integrated cavity, which can improve the utilization rate of the optical cavity and reduce the cost for multiple gas species sensing.

Type-II Weyl points and one-way interface transmission in a three-dimensional gyromagnetic photonic crystal

Type-II Weyl points and one-way interface transmission in a three-dimensional gyromagnetic photonic crystal

A Scheme for Quantum Teleportation and Remote Quantum State Preparation of IoT Multiple Devices.

With the continuous development of the Internet of Things (IoT) technology, the industry's awareness of the security of the IoT is also increasing, and the adoption of quantum communication technology can significantly improve the communication security of various devices in the IoT. This paper proposes a scheme of controlled remote quantum state preparation and quantum teleportation based on multiple communication parties, and a nine-qubit entanglement channel is used to achieve secure communication of multiple devices in the IoT. The channel preparation, measurement operation, and unitary operation of the scheme were successfully simulated on the IBM Quantum platform, and the entanglement degree and reliability of the channel were verified through 8192 shots. The scheme's application in the IoT was analyzed, and the steps and examples of the scheme in the secure communication of multiple devices in the IoT are discussed. By simulating two different attack modes, the effect of the attack on the communication scheme in the IoT was deduced, and the scheme's high security and anti-interference ability was analyzed. Compared with other schemes from the two aspects of principle and transmission efficiency, it is highlighted that the advantages of the proposed scheme are that it overcomes the single fixed one-way or two-way transmission protocol form of quantum teleportation in the past and can realize quantum communication with multiple devices, ensuring both security and transmission efficiency.

Research on plated structure design in weft knitting seamless fabric and sweat management

During exercise, the degree of sweating in different parts of the body varies. The organization of different functions in different parts can be realized using weft knitting seamless technology. The advantage of this technology was that it can be one-piece woven, has high efficiency, offers environmental protection, provides superior wearing comfort, and facilitates the rapid response of sweat and sweat management in different parts. In this work, 9.33 tex/384 F yarn was selected as the face yarn, and 5.55 tex/24 F yarn was selected as the ground yarn, seven fabrics were designed using a combination of three basic plated loops. The effect of two factors, surface porosity and fabric tightness, on the sweat management performance of plated fabrics was investigated through experiments, including moisture management performance, liquid spreading performance, wicking performance, evaporation performance, air permeability and moisture permeability performance, etc. The results showed that the smaller the surface porosity of the fabric, the better the one-way transmission performance of the liquid. However, the larger the surface porosity, the easier the liquid plane diffusion was. The tightness of the yarn filling in the fabric was beneficial for the weft flow of the liquid. A certain degree of tightness was helpful for the unidirectional conduction of fluid, but both too tight and too loose fabrics were not conducive to fluid conduction. Studying the difference in performance caused by the surface porosity and the tightness of the fabric can provide some theoretical help for the design of weft-knit seamless sports products.

Magnetically tunable zero-index metamaterials

Zero-index metamaterials (ZIMs) feature a uniform electromagnetic mode over a large area in arbitrary shapes, enabling many applications including high-transmission supercouplers with arbitrary shapes, direction-independent phase matching for nonlinear optics, and collective emission of many quantum emitters. However, most ZIMs reported to date are passive; active ZIMs that allow for dynamic modulation of their electromagnetic properties have rarely been reported. Here, we design and fabricate a magnetically tunable ZIM consisting of yttrium iron garnet (YIG) pillars sandwiched between two copper clad laminates in the microwave regime. By harnessing the Cotton–Mouton effect of YIG, the metamaterial was successfully toggled between gapless and bandgap states, leading to a “phase transition” between a zero-index phase and a single negative phase of the metamaterial. Using an S-shaped ZIM supercoupler, we experimentally demonstrated a tunable supercoupling state with a low intrinsic loss of 0.95 dB and a high extinction ratio of up to 30.63 dB at 9 GHz. We have also engineered a transition between the supercoupling state and the topological one-way transmission state at 10.6 GHz. Our work enables dynamic modulation of the electromagnetic characteristics of ZIMs, enabling various applications in tunable linear, nonlinear, quantum, and nonreciprocal electromagnetic devices.