One-layer Structure Research Articles

One-layer neural network for solving least absolute deviation problem with box and equality constraints

This paper presents a neural network for solving least absolute deviation problems with equality and box constraints. Compared with some existing models, the proposed neural network has fewer state variables and only one-layer structure. The proposed model is proved to be Lyapunov stable and converge to an exact optimal solution of the original problem. Some simulation results show the validity and transient behavior of the proposed neural network.

A novel neurodynamic reaction-diffusion model for solving linear variational inequality problems and its application

In this paper, we present a new delayed projection neural network with reaction-diffusion terms for solving linear variational inequality problems. The proposed neural network possesses a simple one-layer structure. By employing the differential inequality technique and constructing a new Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional, we derive some novel sufficient conditions ensuring the globally exponential stability. These conditions are dependent on diffusions and the monotonicity assumption is unnecessary. Furthermore, the considered neural network can solve quadratic programming problems. Finally, several applicable examples are provided to illustrate the satisfactory performance of the proposed neural network.

Effect of nanostructure on wettability on copper surface: a molecular dynamic study

ABSTRACTMolecular dynamics simulations (MDS) are employed to investigate the effects of interatomic interaction and nanostructure on wettability of water on a copper plate. In the nano scale, these simulation results showed that the contact angle gradually increases with the decreasing of the reaction parameters, which results in the decreasing of free energy on the solid-liquid interface. Therefore, it leads to that the hydrophilic material is turned into hydrophobic, which fits the results that the wettability is changed by low surface energy materials in macro scale. Furthermore, the contact angles on smooth and rough surfaces are 87° and 71.6°, respectively. That is to say that the hydrophilic will increase for hydrophilic material due to the existence of one-layer structure; it agrees with the experimental results in macro scale.

A Projection Neural Network for Identifying Copy Number Variants.

The identification of copy number variations (CNVs) helps the diagnosis of many diseases. One major hurdle in the path of CNVs discovery is that the boundaries of normal and aberrant regions cannot be distinguished from the raw data, since various types of noise contaminate them. To tackle this challenge, the total variation regularization is mostly used in the optimization problems to approximate the noise-free data from corrupted observations. The minimization using such regularization is challenging to deal with since it is non-differentiable. In this paper, we propose a projection neural network to solve the non-smooth problem. The proposed neural network has a simple one-layer structure and is theoretically assured to have the global exponential convergence to the solution of the total variation-regularized problem. The experiments on several real and simulated datasets illustrate the reasonable performance of the proposed neural network and show that its performance is comparable with those of more sophisticated algorithms.

Dynamic Photoinduced Controlling of the Large Phase Shift of Terahertz Waves via Vanadium Dioxide Coupling Nanostructures

Utilizing terahertz (THz) waves to transmit data for communication and imaging places high demands on phase modulation. However, until now, it is difficult to realize a more than 100° phase shift in the transmission mode with one-layer structure. In this paper, a ring-dumbbell composite resonator nested with VO2 nanostructures is proposed to achieve the large phase shift. It is found that in this structure a hybrid mode with an enhanced resonant intensity, which is coupled by the L-C resonance and dipole resonance has been observed. Applying the photoinduced phase transition characteristics of VO2, the resonant intensity of the mode can be dynamically controlled, which leads to a large phase shift in the incident THz wave. The dynamic experimental results show that controlling the power of the external laser can achieve a phase shift of up to 138° near 0.6 THz using this one-layer VO2 nested composite structure. Moreover, within a 55 GHz (575–630 GHz) bandwidth, the phase shift exceeds 130°. This attracti...

Verification of the Numerical Model in the Problem of Studying Directional Characteristics of Sound Radiation from Inhomogeneous Shells

Results of verifying the levels and directional characteristics of sound radiation are presented for a finite-element numerical model of a submerged inhomogeneous shell. The error in numerical modeling of directional characteristics is determined for sound radiation from shell parts with one-layer (shell–liquid) and multilayer (shell–liquid–shell–liquid) structures.

Reforma pravosudnog sistema Evropske unije - jednostavnost ili složenost?

With the entry into force of the Lisbon Treaty, the judicial system of the European Union sustained significant reforms. First of all, the European Court of Justice was renamed the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU). Further, under the Lisbon Treaty, the CJEU is comprised of the Court of Justice (CJ) and the General Court (GC). The EU Civil Service Tribunal (CST) was a specilized court which operated within the CJE framework until 1st September 2016, when it ceased to exist. Hence, the Lisbon Treaty terminology itself is confusing. Originally set as a three-tier judicial structure, it may be said that the Court today functions as a one-layer structure with two courts. Changes have also been introduced in terms of the Court Statute, Rules of Procedure, Advocates-General, appointment of judges, the number of judges in the General Court, etc. These changes raised tensions, first between the Court of Justice and the General Court, and thenbetween the Court of Justice and the European Parliament, as well as disagreement with the Council's position. On the other hand, the General Court introduced important reforms thatled to an impressive rise in the number of cases closed andreduced length of proceedings. This paper provides a critical review of these reforms, as it is difficult to assess the short-term and long-term implications. In the conclusion, several lessons and recommendations are given in order to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of the Court's work.

Incremental anomaly detection using two-layer cluster-based structure

Anomaly detection algorithms face several challenges, including processing speed, adapting to changes in dynamic environments, and dealing with noise in data. In this paper, a two-layer cluster-based anomaly detection structure is presented which is fast, noise-resilient and incremental. The proposed structure comprises three main steps. In the first step, the data are clustered. The second step is to represent each cluster in a way that enables the model to classify new instances. The Summarization based on Gaussian Mixture Model (SGMM) proposed in this paper represents each cluster as a GMM. In the third step, a two-layer structure efficiently updates clusters using GMM representation, while detecting and ignoring redundant instances. A new approach, called Collective Probabilistic Labeling (CPL) is presented to update clusters incrementally. This approach makes the updating phase noise-resistant and fast. An important step in the updating is the merging of new clusters with existing ones. To this end, a new distance measure is proposed, which is a modified Kullback–Leibler distance between two GMMs.In most real-time anomaly detection applications, incoming instances are often similar to previous ones. In these cases, there is no need to update clusters based on duplicates, since they have already been modeled in the cluster distribution. The two-layer structure is responsible for identifying redundant instances. Ignoring redundant instances, which are typically in the majority, makes the detection phase faster.The proposed method is found to lower the false alarm rate, which is one of the basic problems for the one-class SVM. Experiments show the false alarm rate is decreased from 5% to 15% among different datasets, while the detection rate is increased from 5% to 10% in different datasets with two-layer structure. The memory usage for the two-layer structure is 20 to 50 times less than that of one-class SVM. The one-class SVM uses support vectors in labeling new instances, while the labeling of the two-layer structure depends on the number of GMMs. The experiments show that the two-layer structure is 20 to 50 times faster than the one-class SVM in labeling new instances. Moreover, the updating time of the two-layer structure is two to three times less than for a one-layer structure. This reduction is the result of using two-layer structure and ignoring redundant instances.

Non­invasive and Archaeological Research at Late/Post Scythian Konsulivske Hill­fort

Presented are the results of aerial photography and geophysical research methods at Konsulivske Late/Post Scythian hill-fort in the Dnipro River lower region. Described in detail is the location archaeological prospecting conducted at the hill-fort dated by the period from the 1st century BC to the 1st century AD. Given are an orthophoto-map and topographical plans of the hill-fort, maps of magnetic anomalies and the results of electrical resistance measurements of soil mapped on an orthophoto-map and a map of magnetic anomalies. «Unusual» places clearly found during such prospecting at the territory of citadel at Konsulivske hill-fort enabled the discovery and successful archaeological research of a stone two-armoured defensive wall under the hill-fort’s bank. A detailed description of non-invasive methods of the archaeological prospecting will allow to implement them successfully in field research at other archaeological sites. Archaeological verification of the results obtained during the application of these methods at the sites showed the usefulness of their application during the research at one-layer settlement structures.

The vibroacoustic response and sound absorption performance of multilayer, microperforated rib-stiffened plates

The vibroacoustic response and sound absorption performance of a structure composed of multilayer plates and one rigid back wall are theoretically analyzed. In this structure, all plates are two-dimensional, microperforated, and periodically rib-stiffened. To investigate such a structural system, semianalytical models of one-layer and multilayer plate structures considering the vibration effects are first developed. Then approaches of the space harmonic method and Fourier transforms are applied to a one-layer plate, and finally the cascade connection method is utilized for a multilayer plate structure. Based on fundamental acoustic formulas, the vibroacoustic responses of microperforated stiffened plates are expressed as functions of a series of harmonic amplitudes of plate displacement, which are then solved by employing the numerical truncation method. Applying the inverse Fourier transform, wave propagation, and linear addition properties, the equations of the sound pressures and absorption coefficients for the one-layer and multilayer stiffened plates in physical space are finally derived. Using numerical examples, the effects of the most important physical parameters—for example, the perforation ratio of the plate, sound incident angles, and periodical rib spacing—on sound absorption performance are examined. Numerical results indicate that the sound absorption performance of the studied structure is effectively enhanced by the flexural vibration of the plate in water. Finally, the proposed approaches are validated by comparing the results of stiffened plates of the present work with solutions from previous studies.

A neural network to solve quadratic programming problems with fuzzy parameters

In this paper, a representation of a recurrent neural network to solve quadratic programming problems with fuzzy parameters (FQP) is given. The motivation of the paper is to design a new effective one-layer structure neural network model for solving the FQP. As far as we know, there is not a study for the neural network on the FQP. Here, we change the FQP to a bi-objective problem. Furthermore, the bi-objective problem is reduced to a weighting problem and then the Lagrangian dual is constructed. In addition, we consider a neural network model to solve the FQP. Finally, some illustrative examples are given to show the effectiveness of our proposed approach.

An efficient recurrent neural network model for solving fuzzy non-linear programming problems

In this paper, a representation of a recurrent neural network to solve fuzzy non-linear programming (FNLP) problems is given. The motivation of the paper is to design a new effective one-layer structure recurrent neural network model for solving the FNLP. Here, we change a fuzzy non-linear programming problem to a bi-objective problem. Furthermore, the bi-objective problem is reduced to a weighting problem and then the Lagrangian dual and the Karush-Kuhn-Tucker (KKT) optimality conditions are constructed. The simulation results on numerical examples are discussed to demonstrate the performance of our proposed approach.

Arbitrary on-chip optical filter using complex waveguide Bragg gratings

We demonstrate a Complex Waveguide Bragg Grating (CWBG) which can be designed to generate an arbitrary transmission spectrum. A comprehensive design method, based on the Layer Peeling/Adding algorithm, is developed to realize the grating on a silica-on-silicon platform. The CWBG has a simple one-layer waveguide structure for ease of fabrication. A spectral precision better than ±0.1 nm and a suppression ratio between 15 dB and 33 dB are achieved for a transmission spectrum consisting of 20 randomly distributed spectral notches with a 3 dB width of 0.3–0.4 nm. Among the CWBG's various potential applications, we highlight its use for eliminating OH emission lines from the Earth's atmosphere for ground-based astronomical observations.

3D exact and 2D generalized differential quadrature models for free vibration analysis of functionally graded plates and cylinders

The paper proposes a comparison between a three-dimensional (3D) exact solution and several two-dimensional (2D) numerical solutions. Numerical methods include classical 2D finite elements (FEs), and classical and refined 2D generalized differential quadrature (GDQ) solutions. The free vibration analysis of two different configurations of functionally graded material (FGM) plates and cylinders is proposed. The first configuration considers a one-layered FGM structure. The second one is a sandwich configuration with external classical skins and an internal FGM core. Low and high order frequencies are analyzed for thick and thin simply supported structures. Vibration modes are investigated to make a comparison between results obtained via the 2D numerical methods and those obtained by means of the 3D exact solution. The 3D exact solution is based on the differential equations of equilibrium written in general orthogonal curvilinear coordinates. This exact method is based on a layer-wise approach where the continuity of displacements and transverse shear/normal stresses is imposed at the interfaces between the layers of the structure. The 2D finite element results are obtained by means of a well-known commercial FE code. Classical and refined 2D GDQ models are based on a generalized unified approach which considers both equivalent single layer and layer-wise theories. The differences between 2D numerical solutions and 3D exact solutions depend on the considered mode, the order of frequency, the thickness ratio of the structure, the geometry, the embedded material and the lamination sequence.

Global exponential stability of general A-monotone implicit fuzzy proximal dynamical systems in Banach spaces

The purpose of this paper is to introduce the notion of general A-monotone operators in Banach spaces. Under some suitable conditions and using generalized proximal mapping technique, neural network technique and Gronwall's inequality, a new class of general A-monotone implicit fuzzy proximal dynamical systems in Banach spaces are also proposed and analyzed through a recurrent neural network with a one-layer structure, and the existence of the solutions of the proximal dynamical systems is shown. Further, the global exponential stability of these dynamical systems is proved. The results presented in this paper improve and generalize the corresponding results in the literature.

A novel method to solve inverse variational inequality problems based on neural networks

This paper presents a neural network for solving the inverse variational inequality problems. The proposed neural network possesses a simple one-layer structure and is suitable for parallel implementation. It is shown that the proposed neural networks are globally convergent to the optimal solution of the inverse variational inequality and are globally asymptotically stable, and globally exponentially stable, respectively under different conditions. Numerical examples are provided to illustrate the effectiveness and satisfactory performance of the neural networks.

Design and Analysis of Planar Symmetric Six-Phase Coupled Inductors

This paper presents a new symmetric design of multi-phase coupled inductors where all phase inductors share one ferrite core. Designed multi-phase inductors were fabricated using the printed circuit board (PCB) technology. One-layer and two-layer designs have been analyzed and compared. Designed planar ferrite cores were fabricated in custom shape with the ferrite materials, C2025 and CN20, commercially available from Ceramic Magnetics, Inc. The core that is mounted on the PCB with printed inductors represents a compact planar component with six inductors mutually coupled with their adjacent inductors. These multi-phase coupled inductors are intended to be used in multi-phase dc/dc converters for switching frequencies near and >1 MHz. Electrical properties of the components were analyzed by a finite-element modeling software and an impedance analyzer HP4194A in the frequency range from 50 kHz to 40 MHz. Distribution of the magnetic flux density in the component has also been performed. One-layer structure component was tested for basic operation with a six-phase dc/dc buck converter in the open-loop steady-state 6 × 1 operation mode.

Properties of modified dry masonry mixtures for effective masonry units

The paper is devoted to the problem of the development of dry light-weight mixtures with hollow ceramics microspheres (CMS) for masonry works. For the one-layer fencing structures including effective masonry units, the use of "warm" masonry mortars is necessary. The used light-weight masonry mortars do not provide the brand strength and thermal uniformity of the fencing structures because of high average density. The CMS are effective light-weight aggregate for such mortars. The influence of the dosage of CMS on the physics- and-mechanics parameters and the technological properties of the masonry mortars has been studied. The optimal mixture compositions have been obtained and their main properties have been determined. The influence of an air-entraining admixture and redispersible polymer powders on the average density and physics-and-mechanics parameters of the masonry mortars have been studied. The optimal compositions of light-weight dry masonry mixtures with CMS have been suggested. It has been established that the mortars, obtained from such mixtures, have the requisite average density, the water retention capacity more than 95 %, high homogeneity and high strength characteristics. The application of the proposed mixtures enables to reduce the construction material costs and to improve the energy efficiency of the fencing structures.

The Anodic Passivity of Titanium in Mixed Sulfate-Chloride Solutions

The passivity of titanium was studied in mixed sulfate-chloride solutions. Polarization results confirmed that Cl− ions can effectively facilitate the anodic passivity of Ti in sulfuric acids at 25°C. According to Mott-Schottky analysis, and with point defect model (PDM) analysis, this facilitating effect can be attributed to the lower density and higher diffusivity of point defects within the pasive films formed on titanium in H2SO4 solutions with Cl− additions. Electrochemical impediance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements also revealed that films formed in 0.5 M H2SO4 + 0.5 M NaCl have a two-layer structure and present higher corrosion resistance compared with films formed in 0.5 M H2SO4 which have a one-layer structure. All the results obtained at 75°C showed that the electrochemical responses of films formed in 0.5 M H2SO4 with and without 0.5 M NaCl addition are similar. Titanium is immune to Cl− ions in H2SO4 solutions at 75°C.

Design, fabrication and characterization of stacked layers planar broadband metamaterial absorber at microwave frequency

The design, simulation, fabrication, and measurement of an ultra-wide spectral band metamaterial absorber were investigated in this paper. The unit cell consisting of three loop copper layers were printed on FR-4 epoxy dielectric substrate, and the top layer was Teflon. By stacking a number of one-layer structures on top of each other, a multi-layered structure was generated with a thickness of 3.7mm. Results of the recursive method and the simulations showed a high absorption for wide angle of incidence up to 60° at TM and TE modes. The absorption at normal incidence was strong in the frequency range of 5.64–21.16GHz numerically. The proposed structure was fabricated. The experimental results showed a good correspondence with the simulated results. Importantly, the design can be extended to other frequencies, such as terahertz, infrared, and optical frequencies.