One-dimensional Photonic Crystal Research Articles

Unit cell independent optical filter using one-dimensional photonic crystal

Unit cell independent optical filter using one-dimensional photonic crystal

Effect of thickness and applied pressure on quality factor in defective photonic crystals composed of polymer materials

In this work, we employed the transfer-matrix method to obtain the transmittance spectrum of a defective one-dimensional photonic crystal composed of polymer materials. We consider that the dielectric constant of the polymers is a function of the applied pressure, and the cavity is infiltrated by plasma cells. When blood plasma concentration and cavity thickness are increased, we observe a defective mode tuned to long wavelengths within the photonic band gap. By calculating the energy stored in the cavity, a maximization of the quality factor to [Formula: see text] for a 2350[Formula: see text]nm cavity was observed. In addition, we report that as the applied pressure increases, the defective mode shifts to shorter wavelengths, accompanied by a decrease in the quality factor to [Formula: see text] for a pressure of 100[Formula: see text]MPa.

Enhanced terahertz frequency mixing in all-dielectric metamaterial with multiple surface plasmon polaritons resonances

Nonlinear metamaterials hold a promising platform for generating terahertz (THz) waves. In this paper, we present an all-dielectric metamaterial with multiple surface plasmon polariton (SPP) resonances for enhanced THz frequency mixing. The metamaterial is composed of graphene ribbons, a dielectric layer, and a one-dimensional photonic crystal, displaying the multiple absorptions with simultaneous excitation of three SPP resonances. Taking advantage of SPP resonances with high Q factor and strong localized field at the input frequency, the third-order nonlinear processes are remarkably enhanced, including third-harmonic generation and four-wave mixing, producing a variety of frequencies in the THz range. The proposed efficient nonlinear metamaterials offer promising applications for THz frequency synthesis.

One-Dimensional Defect Layer Photonic Crystal Sensor for Purity Assessment of Organic Solvents.

This paper presents the design and analysis of a one-dimensional defect layer photonic crystal (1D-DLPC) sensor for the assessment of the purity of chemical solvents with enhanced accuracy. Chemical solvents are frequently used in chemical processes as reaction mediums. It is essential to ascertain its purity since impurities can significantly affect the outcome of the reaction. The structure of the proposed one-dimensional defect layer photonic crystal sensor consists of a defect layer sandwiched between alternate layers of ZnO and SiO2 organized with a certain periodicity. It has been shown that the localized defect modes inside the structure can detect minute refractive index changes based on the degree of impurity of chemical solvents. Simulation studies have been performed through the transfer matrix method (TMM) and the performance of the design is evaluated using several metrics such as sensitivity, full width at half-maximum, figure of merit, quality factor, and dynamic range. Results indicate that the designed one-dimensional defect layer photonic crystal sensor has a significantly high efficiency and is suitable for detecting impure solvents.

Omnidirectional near-infrared narrowband filters based on defective mirror-symmetry one-dimensional photonic crystals containing hyperbolic metamaterials

The photonic band gap (PBG) of conventional all-dielectric one-dimension (1D) photonic crystal (PC) shifts towards the shorter wavelength (blueshift) as the incident angle increases, thus the defect mode in conventional defective all-dielectric 1DPC is also blueshifted. This leads to many limitations on the performance of the narrowband filtering. Recently, the emergence of the redshift PBG in 1DPC containing hyperbolic metamaterials (HMMs) for transverse magnetic (TM) polarization provides a possibility to achieve angle-insensitive defect mode in defective 1DPC containing HMMs. In this paper, we designed a mirror-symmetry 1DPC filter containing HMMs, and the HMM layers consist of subwavelength molybdenum disulfide/indium tin oxide (MoS2/ITO) multilayers, an omnidirectional defect mode at 1805.6 nm was achieved by phase compensation in mirror-symmetry 1DPC containing HMMs for the incident angle of 0˚-60˚, with a transmittance efficiency of 100 % at the vertical incidence. The position of the omnidirectional defect mode can be adjusted flexibly. This omnidirectional narrowband defect mode has important implications in the fields of sensors, detectors, and filters.

Enhancing pressure sensing through Bragg’s well-structured one-dimensional photonic crystal

Enhancing pressure sensing through Bragg’s well-structured one-dimensional photonic crystal

One-Dimensional Responsive Photonic Crystals Assembled by Polymer Nanogels and TiO2 Nanoparticles for Rapid Detection of Glucose

One-Dimensional Responsive Photonic Crystals Assembled by Polymer Nanogels and TiO₂ Nanoparticles for Rapid Detection of Glucose

Design of a 1D PhC biosensor with enhanced sensitivity based on useful features provided for the detection of waterborne bacteria

In this article, we propose a one-dimensional photonic crystal (1D-PhC) biosensor design to detect water-borne bacteria such as Shigella, Vibrio cholera, Salmonella, and E. coli. The theoretical reflectance spectrum of a 1D-PhC and the sensitivity of types of bacteria such as Shigella flexneri, Salmonella, E. coli, and Vibrios cholera are investigated by using the transfer matrix method and MATLAB software. The impact of incident angle and central wavelength on the performance and sensitivity of biosensors are studied. The suggested sensor's sensing process is dependent on variations in the refractive indices of different species of bacteria. The variation in the central wavelength, angle of incidence, the sensitivity of the proposed structure, and other parameters such as full width at half maximum, quality factor, damping ratio, and detection limit can be enhanced. The obtained average sensitivity of our design has a value of 4073 nm/RIU at optimum conditions of defect layer thickness and incident angle. Also, the proposed biosensor design exhibits a high quality factor value of 10996.2165 and a low detection limit value of 0.44607×10-5\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$0.44607 \ imes \\,10^{ - 5}$$\\end{document} RIU.

Effect of angle of incidence on defect modes of symmetric and asymmetric one-dimensional photonic crystals

The impact of the angle of incidence on defect modes within a one-dimensional photonic crystal (PC) containing a central defect has been thoroughly examined. We have considered two distinct types of photonic crystals, each featuring a solitary defect: symmetric PCs and asymmetric PCs. Our findings reveal that in the case of asymmetric PCs, a defect mode emerges precisely at the central wavelength. Conversely, for symmetric PCs, two distinct defect modes appear in the proximity of the central wavelength. By widening the defect layer, these two defect modes can be merged into a single central defect mode. However, it's worth noting that the intensities of these merged defect modes differ from those observed in the asymmetric case. We have analyzed the propagation characteristics of the proposed structure using the transfer matrix method.

Characteristics of multi-absorption bands in near IR based on a 1D photonic crystal comprising two composite metamaterials

The Matlab program has been utilized in this study to examine the absorption spectral properties of a one-dimensional photonic crystal (1DPCs) comprising two composite metamaterials through near IR wavelengths. The composite metamaterials are designed from Ag of a gyroidal geometry (layer A) and hyperbolic metamaterial (layer B). Therefore, the introduced design is labeled as [ABn]m\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$${[A{B}^{n}]}^{m}$$\\end{document} with n and m to define the periodicity of the hyperbolic metamaterial and the whole structure, respectively. The numerical findings have been introduced in the vicinity of the effective medium theory, transfer matrix method and the Drude model as well. In this regard, the numerical results demonstrate the appearance of some spectral absorption bands ranging from 0.7 µm to 3 µm for both TM and TE polarizations. Additionally, these bands are almost insensitive to the changes in the angle of incidence. Interestingly, we have considered the role played by some parameters such as the permittivities and thicknesses of both layers on the introduced absorption bands. Finally, we believe that the investigated results could be promising through many applications such as wavelength selective absorbers, solar energy, and smart windows as well.

One-dimensional photonic crystal with tilted termination and its angular filtering properties for radiative cooling.

Photonic crystals are known for their band-gap structures. Due to their band-gaps, they can act as filters in both temporal and spatial domains. However, in most cases, due to their physical symmetry, their angular responses are symmetrical. Here, a structure based on a 1D photonic crystal is introduced and analyzed, which has an asymmetric angular selectivity. The structure is analyzed using the plane wave expansion method. The properties of the structure are expressed and verified by a commercial full-wave simulator software. Based on the analysis and its results, some simple design rules are derived. By using the extracted rules and some approximations, the potential of the structure to be used in radiative coolers, which are not completely toward the sky, is introduced. It is shown that if the structure is used as windows in buildings, it can save up to tens of watts per square meter in energy consumption for air conditioning. Finally, the whole structure including the radiative cooler is simulated, and the results support the calculations and approximations.

The Determination of the Sensitivity of Refractive Index Sensors

A new approach to determining the sensitivity of refractive index sensors is proposed. It has been shown that relative and absolute sensitivity show different results, and also, for the first time, it is demonstrated that relative sensitivity has advantages over absolute sensitivity. In addition, the influence of the relative width of the photonic band gap and the difference in the refractive indices of the layers on the sensitivity are examined and the corresponding dependences of these parameters are obtained. We propose these parameters as a convenient tool for optimizing the sensitivity of sensors based on defective photonic crystals. Finally, results are obtained regarding the behavior of the defect mode at the center of the photonic band gap of one-dimensional photonic crystals.

Modulated spontaneous and stimulated emission in luminescent films using one-dimensional photonic crystal filters

Spontaneous and stimulated emission properties of luminescent films can be modulated by the intrinsic defect mode of one-dimensional photonic crystals (1DPCs) filters when separating the defect layer from the luminescent layer.

Arbitrary Polarization Conversion by the Photonic Band Gap of the One-dimensional Photonic Crystal

Arbitrary Polarization Conversion by the Photonic Band Gap of the One-dimensional Photonic Crystal

Coexistence of giant Goos-Hänchen shift and high reflectance in Dirac semimetal based multilayered structure.

Bulk Dirac semimetals (BDSs) possess Fermi energy dependent optical parameters, providing unprecedented opportunities for the study of the controllable Goos-Hänchen (GH) shift. However, the enhancement of GH shifts often comes at the cost of the reflectance in the previous BDS-based structures, which hinders their practical application. In this work, we theoretically present the investigation of the GH shift in a multilayered structure composed of one BDS film and a symmetric one-dimensional photonic crystal (1DPC) with a defect layer. We demonstrate that this well-designed structure supports a large GH shift at the specific working wavelength, whose magnitude can be enhanced up to 3883 times the incident wavelength. In particular, such an enhanced GH shift achieved in this structure is associated with high reflectance (0.94) and these remarkable features can be attributed to the sharp change in the reflective phase and the destructive interference that occurs between the simultaneously excited optical Tamm state (OTS) at the BDS/1DPC interface and the defect state at the 1D defected PC. In addition, we also explore the manipulation of the GH shift by adjusting the Fermi energy of the BDS as well as the geometrical parameter of the multilayered structure. Our results provide a new approach for realizing an enhanced and controllable GH shift in a BDS-based multilayered structure, which endows it with promising prospects for application in optical sensors, optical detectors and beam controllers.

Tunability Dependence of All-Optical Liquid Crystal Delay Line on Laser Polarization and Incidence Angle

This work experimentally investigates the optical manipulation of trans-cis swaps and resultantly their optical/electromagnetic imprints as a driver for realizing the tunable delay lines in the microwave X band (8-12 GHz) regime utilizing the polarization and incident angle dependencies of azo-admixed liquid crystals (LCs). Measurement results confirm that the tuning efficacy of the azo-LCs-based delay line is highly dependent on the polarization of the laser beam concerning the rubbing and filling directions of LCs. When the laser light beam is polarized parallel to the rubbed direction as well as the LCs filling direction, the achievable differential phase shift is maximized. Full Text: PDF References T. Sakamoto, Optoelectronic Circuits for Control of Lightwaves and Microwaves (London, IntechOpen 2011). CrossRef J.F. Li, "All-optically controlled microwave analog phase shifter with insertion losses balancing", Eng. Lett. 28, 3 (2020). DirectLink J.P.F. Lagerwall, G. Scalia, "A new era for liquid crystal research: Applications of liquid crystals in soft matter nano-, bio- and microtechnology", Curr. Appl. Phys. 12, 6 (2012). CrossRef S. Kim, K. Seiji, "Photochemical On–Off Switching of One-Dimensional Photonic Crystals Consisting of Azo-Functionalized Liquid Crystal Polymer and Polyvinyl Alcohol", Crystals 9, 12 (2019). CrossRef J.F. Li, "Micro-LED Mass Transfer Technologies", ICEPT (Guangzhou, IEEE 2020). CrossRef U. Chodorow, J. Parka, O. Chojnowska, "Liquid Crystal Materials in THz Technologies", Phot. Lett. Poland 4, 3 (2012). CrossRef

Theoretical optical characterization of one-dimensional ternary photonic crystal embedded with nanocomposite of bimetallic core-shell nanoparticles

Theoretical optical characterization of one-dimensional ternary photonic crystal embedded with nanocomposite of bimetallic core-shell nanoparticles

Tunable wide-angle high-efficiency polarization selectivity based on a one-dimensional photonic crystal containing elliptical metamaterials

Recently, researchers achieved wide-angle high-efficiency polarization selectivity based on polarization-sensitive photonic bandgaps in one-dimensional photonic crystals containing elliptical metamaterials. However, wide-angle high-efficiency polarization selectivity can only operate at fixed wavelengths (around band edges), which intensively limits the practical applications. To overcome this limitation, we construct a one-dimensional photonic crystal containing phase-change-material-based elliptical metamaterials. The position of the polarization-sensitive photonic bandgap can be flexibly controlled by the crystallization rate of the phase change material. Empowered by the wavelength-tunable polarization-sensitive photonic bandgap, we achieve wavelength-tunable wide-angle high-efficiency polarization selectivity. As the crystallization rate increases from 0 % to 100 %, the operating wavelength of polarization selectivity can be flexibly tuned from 1440 to 1796 nm. Meanwhile, the operating angular width remains larger than 50° and the optimal polarization extinction ratio remains on the order of 104. Our work provides a viable route to designing tunable high-performance polarizers.

Color-selective optical edge detection enabled by thermally stimulated cholesteric liquid crystals

Optical edge detection can significantly compress the data volume and is highly pursued in imaging processing. The commonly used methods extract the optical edge information but lose the capability to distinguish colors, which is another key information for imaging. Here, a design for color-selective optical edge detection is proposed and demonstrated with a cholesteric liquid crystal q-plate. The corresponding optical edge detection exhibits a narrow reflection band characteristic due to the one-dimensional photonic crystal configuration of the cholesteric liquid crystal. The monochromatic band is thermally and reversibly tuned ∼300 nm within 5.3 °C. Color-selective optical edge detection is verified by a series of chromatic images. This work introduces a thermally responsive liquid crystal device to release the color dimension of optical edge detection, which may upgrade existing imaging processing techniques.

Fluorophore interactions with the surface modes and internal modes of a photonic crystal

The metal-ligand complex tris(2,2′-bipyridine)ruthenium(II) chloride (Ru probe) displays a broad emission spectrum ranging from 540 to 730 nm. The emission spectra of Ru probe were measured when placed on top of a one-dimensional photonic crystal (1DPC), which supports both Bloch surface wave (BSW) and internal modes for wavelengths below 640 nm and only internal modes above 640 nm. The S-polarized emission spectra, with the electric vector parallel to the 1DPC surface, were found to be strongly dependent on the observation angle through the coupling prism. Also, the usual single broad-emission spectrum of Ru probe on glass was converted into two or more narrow-band-spectrum on the 1DPC, with emission band maxima dependent on the observation angle. The two S-polarized emission band peaks for Ru probe were found to be consistent with coupling to the BSW and first internal mode (IM1) of the 1DPC. The same spectral shifts and changes in emission maxima were observed by using Kretschmann and reverse Kretschmann illuminations. As the coupling requires the emitter to be in proximity with the photonic structure, we calculated near- and far-field distributions of a dipole directly located on the 1DPC surface. Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) simulations were performed to confirm fluorophore coupling to the BSW and internal modes (IMs). Both the measured and simulated results showed that IM coupled emission is significant. Coupling to the IM mode occurred at longer wavelengths where the 1DPC did not support a BSW. These results demonstrate that a simple Bragg grating, without a BSW mode, can be used for detection of surface-bound fluorophores.