One-dimensional Nanotubes Research Articles

A long-term stable aqueous aluminum battery electrode based on one-dimensional molybdenum-tantalum oxide nanotube arrays.

Aluminum ion aqueous batteries (AIBs) are among the most promising candidates for high energy density devices due to the multivalent redox processes associated with Al3+ ion intercalation. However, only a few stable AIB electrode materials have been reported so far. MoO3 is a very promising electrode material due to its octahedral layered crystal structure which can accommodate multivalent cation by intercalation. However, the poor electrochemical stability of MoO3 and the sluggish intercalation kinetics of Al3+ ion in Mo oxides electrodes limit its practical application. In this work, we propose a strategy to overcome such shortcomings of MoO3 by fabricating electrodes composed of self-ordered one-dimensional (1D) MoTaOx nanotubes synthesized via electrochemical anodization of Mo-Ta alloy substrates. We show that this approach allows for direct incorporation of Ta in the Mo oxide nanotubes. The resulting MoTaOx nanotubes, composed of octahedral MoO3 and rhombohedral Mo2Ta2O11 phases, exhibit remarkable electrochemical stability and Al-ion storage properties in aqueous electrolytes that are superior to that of pristine Mo oxide or other most efficient electrode materials reported to date. Such MoTaOx nanotube-based electrodes can achieve a specific capacity of 1180 mA h cm-3 (337 mA h g-1, 141 μA h cm-2) at 1.25 A cm-3 (∼0.35 A g-1, 0.15 mA cm-2). More importantly, the capacity retention of such nanotube array electrodes remains above 83% of the initial capacity after 3000 cycles.

Hydrothermal synthesis of rutile TiO2 nanotubes film on Ti foil for photocatalytic degradation

One-dimensional TiO2 nanotubes film was synthesized on the Ti foil oxidized at 800℃ by hydrothermal method in a highly alkaline solution. The crystal structure, morphology and chemical state of the samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The result indicates that the TiO2 nanotubes film still remains rutile phase structure after hydrothermal treatment. The growth mechanism of TiO2 nanotubes is also discussed that includes dissolution, nucleation and growing process. The photocatalytic activity of TiO2 film is remarkably improved after hydrothermal reaction. Due to the one-dimensional tubular structure, TiO2 nanotubes film hydrothermally synthesized for 6 hours displays the highest photocatalytic degradation rate of methylene blue

Multiple nano-filaments based efficient resistive switching in TiO2 nanotubes array influenced by thermally induced self-doping and anatase to rutile phase transformation

In this paper, the impact of thermally induced self-doping and phase transformation in TiO2 based resistive random-access memory (ReRAM) is discussed. Instead of a thin film, a vertically aligned one-dimensional TiO2 nanotube array (TNTA) was used as a switching element. Anodic oxidation method was employed to synthesize TNTA, which was thermally treated in the air at 350 °C followed by further annealing from 350 °C to 650 °C in argon. Au/TiO2 nanotube/Ti resistive switching devices were fabricated with porous gold (Au) top electrode. The x-ray diffraction results along with Raman spectra evidently demonstrate a change in phase of crystallinity from anatase to rutile, whereas photoluminescence spectra revealed the self-doping level in terms of oxygen vacancies (OV) and Ti interstitials (Tii) as the temperature of thermal treatment gets increased. The electrical characterizations establish the bipolar and electroforming free resistive switching in all the samples. Among those, the ReRAM sample S3 thermally treated at 550 °C displayed the most effective resistive switching properties with R OFF/R ON of 102 at a read voltage of −0.6 V and a SET voltage of −2.0 V. Moreover, the S3 sample showed excellent retention performance for over 106 s, where stable R OFF/R ON ≈ 107 was maintained throughout the experiment.

Improvement of TiO2 nanotubes for photoelectrochemical water splitting: Review

Photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting is an ideal method to produce clean hydrogen. Developing photoelectrodes that fulfill the PEC water-splitting criteria has become the greatest challenge for commercialization of this technology. Titanium dioxide, the first material used for this application, remain appealing due to its one-dimensional nanotube structure. However, the bandgap of TiO2 nanotubes, ~3.0 eV, is relatively wide, leading to problems such as limited utilization of light energy and easy recombination of the photogenerated products, i.e., electrons and holes. Several approaches have been developed to overcome this problem, including (i) modification of surface morphology to enhance the active catalytic area, (ii) band structure modification to reduce photogenerated charge recombination, and (iii) surface sensitization to improve light absorption ability. This review reports the improvements achieved by all of these approaches for TiO2 nanotubes, including the basic principles of the photocatalytic water-splitting process and the preparation and polymorphs of TiO2 nanotubes. This review also discusses combinations of several methods that enable high photocurrent density with fabulous stability.

(Invited) Anodic TiO2 Nanostructures for Photoelectrochemical and Photocatalytic Applications

Since Zwelling et al. reported on anodized TiO2 nanotubes, many research groups have studied one-dimensional TiO2 nanotubes. This structure property can be controlled by pH, conductivity, fluoride concentration, base solution and applied potential and so on. TiO2 nanotubes are attracted attention owing to their variable function for use wide range applications such as photocatalyst, bio application, template and solar cell, etc. TiO2 nanotubes provide smooth electron pathway, less crystal defect to avoid electron recombination, high surface area for dye adsorption and the ability influence the adsorption and propagation of light.In this presentation we give an overview of the latest results on TiO2 nanotube and porous structures. We will discuss critical factors to grow highly aligned and high aspect ratio anodic TiO2 nanostructures and the morphological variation by anodization parameters and their advantage for photocatalytic and photoelectrochemical applications.

Controllable synthesis of one-dimensional NiS2 nanotube and nanorod arrays on nickel foams for efficient electrocatalytic water splitting

One-dimensional NiS2 nanotube arrays and nanorod arrays are controllably grown on Ni foam surface. The electrocatalytic test shows that the NiS2 nanotube arrays require competitive overpotentials of 209 mV for HER and 367 mV for OER (to achieve a current density of 50 mA/cm2), respectively, which are much lower than the NiS2 nanorod arrays and other NiS2 nanostructures reported before. Specifically, the NiS2 nanotube arrays can be employed as an efficient bi-functional catalyst for overall water splitting, with a low cell voltage (1.58 V) to deliver a current density of 10 mA/cm2. The outstanding performance can be attributed to the special structural characteristics of nanotubes, which have high specific surface areas along with abundant active sites. The present study not only enriches the morphology of NiS2 nanostructures for highly efficient electrocatalytic reaction, but also provides an interesting self-assembly path for the synthesis of one-dimensional NiS2 nanostructures.

A simple synthesis route of sodium-doped g-C3N4 nanotubes with enhanced photocatalytic performance

The wide applications of nanotubes in many fields including catalysis have attracted considerable interest. Herein, we designed a simple and facile synthesis route to synthesize sodium-doped g-C3N4 nanotubes (Na-CNTs), by means of the hydrothermal synthesis of intermediate and the subsequent treatment via microwave irradiation heating. This approach utilizes the self-assembly between melamine and cyanuric acid in the NaOH solution to form Na-doped melamine cyanaurate supramolecular intermediate. Then the supramolecular intermediate is heated under direct microwave irradiation with carbon fibers which are acted as microwave absorbents. The results of comprehensive characterizations indicate that Na-CNTs in the form of uniform one-dimensional (1D) nanotubes can be obtained conveniently, and the doping of sodium can be successfully realized by direct microwave irradiation heating. Moreover, sodium doping can enhance the charge attractive force between layers and induce more structural defects in Na-CNTs. The photodegradation result of rhodamine B (RhB) demonstrates that the as-obtained Na-CNTs exhibit enhanced photocatalytic performance, with a degradation rate of nearly 91.43 % in just 20 min, and the corresponding photodegradation velocity of Na-CNTs is 3.2 times higher than that of pure g-C3N4 (PCN).

Surface engineering of mesoporous anatase titanium dioxide nanotubes for rapid spatial charge separation on horizontal-vertical dimensions and efficient solar-driven photocatalytic hydrogen evolution

The low charge separation efficiency and sunlight utilisation of traditional titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticle photocatalysts greatly limit their applications. Herein, one-dimensional (1D) mesoporous anatase TiO2 nanotubes with engineered surface defects are fabricated using a combination of simple solvothermal synthesis and high-temperature surface hydrogenation strategy. The obtained mesoporous anatase TiO2 nanotubes with mesopores in the nanotube walls and a specific surface area of 110 m2 g−1 decrease the bandgap from 3.18 to 2.98 eV, enhancing the photoresponse to the visible-light region of the solar spectrum. The defective mesoporous anatase TiO2 nanotubes exhibited an excellent photocatalytic hydrogen evolution rate of 9.8 mmol h−1 g−1, which is approximately 2.5 times higher than that of the pristine anatase TiO2 nanotubes. This can be ascribed to the engineered surface defects and 1D mesoporous nanotube structure favouring efficient spatial charge separation on the horizontal–vertical dimensions, enabling visible-light absorption and exposing abundant surface active sites. This study provides a facile and feasible strategy for the fabrication of high-performance 1D mesostructured semiconductor oxide photocatalysts for efficient solar energy conversion.

Biomimetic design and synthesis of visible-light-driven g-C3N4 nanotube @polydopamine/NiCo-layered double hydroxides composite photocatalysts for improved photocatalytic hydrogen evolution activity

In the practical process of photocatalytic H2 evolution, optimizing the ability of light absorption and charge spatial separation is the top priority for improving the photocatalytic performance. In this study, we elaborately engineer neoteric g-C3N4 nanotube@polydopamine(pDA)/NiCo-LDH (LPC) composite photocatalyst by combining hydrothermal and calcination method. In the LPC composite system, the one-dimensional (1D) g-C3N4 nanotubes with larger specific surface area can afford more active sites and conduce to shorten the charge migration distance, as well as the high-speed mass transfer in the nanotube can accelerate the reaction course. The g-C3N4/NiCo-LDH type-II heterojunction can efficaciously stimulate the spatial separation of photo-produced charge. In addition, pDA as heterojunction metal-free interface mediums can provide multiple action (π-π* electron delocalization effect, adhesive action and photosensitization). The optimized LPC nanocomposite displays about 3.3-fold high photoactivity for H2 evolution compared with the g-C3N4 nanotube under solar light irradiation. In addition, the cycle experiment result shows that the LPC composite photocatalyst possesses superior stability and recyclability. The resultant g-C3N4@pDA/NiCo-LDH composite photocatalyst displays the potential practical application in the field of energy conversion.

Asymmetric transport in boron intratube p-i-n junction via gas storage for diode applications

Boron nanotubes (BNTs) possess higher conductivities than carbon nanotubes (CNTs), making them potential candidates for nanoscale p-i-n diode applications. Herein, we designed a novel boron intratube p-i-n junction via gas storage, by using ab initio quantum transport simulations. NO and NH3 are the optimal oxide and hydride to inject holes and electrons into (5,5) buckled triangular BNT (BT-BNT), respectively. The device performance in (5,5) BT-BNT FET indicates that the gas storage can rationally change the majority carrier type and concentration, by which (5,5) BT-BNT-based p-i-n junction with large negative rectification can be constructed. We further investigated the dependence of asymmetric transport on the intrinsic region length in the formed p-i-n junction. It is found that the insertion of intrinsic region can act as a buffer layer to reduce the carrier concentration difference on p-type and n-type regions, thus weakening the transport asymmetry. A short intrinsic region with length of 6.22 Å, i.e., n = 2, contributes to improve the rectifying ratio. Our results demonstrate the significance of gas storage combined with the intrinsic region in the formation of p-i-n junction for diode applications based on one-dimensional nanotubes.

Black Phosphorus Quantum Dot-Sensitized TiO2 Nanotube Arrays with Enriched Oxygen Vacancies for Efficient Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting

Photon absorption, charge separation and transportation, and charge-induced reactions at the active sites are the main crucial factors involved in the photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting. Herein, a combination of black phosphorus quantum dot (BPQD) sensitization and defect engineering strategies is employed to optimize the PEC performance of one-dimensional TiO2 nanotube array (NTA) photoanodes. The as-prepared TiO2–x/BP electrode exhibits a strong photocurrent density under simulated solar light irradiation, which is almost ∼3 times higher than that of bare TiO2. Specifically, the photocurrent increment of TiO2–x/BP is even larger than the sum of TiO2–x and TiO2/BP, verifying the synergistic effect of oxygen vacancies and BPQD sensitization. The maximum photoconversion efficiency of TiO2–x/BP is as high as 0.35%, while the value of TiO2 NTAs is calculated to be 0.13%. The results reveal that oxygen vacancies and BPQDs in the TiO2–x/BP composite not only facilitate the charge separation and transportation but also enhance the activity and quantity of reactive sites for water oxidation. The present strategy might open new routes to develop high-performance photoelectrodes for water splitting.

Investigating pore structure of nano-engineered concrete with low-field nuclear magnetic resonance

Pore structure, the most important structural feature of reactive powder concrete (RPC) with nanofillers, is closely related to the dispersion quality, content level and internal structure of nanofillers. In order to characterize the pore structure of RPC and comprehensively understand the effect of nanofillers on the microscopic behavior of concrete, this paper studies the pore structure of RPC containing different types (including zero-dimensional nanoparticles, one-dimensional nanotubes and two-dimensional nanosheets) and content (0.25–3%) of nanofillers by using low-field nuclear magnetic resonance. The experimental results show that incorporation of all types of nanofillers reduces the porosity of RPC and causes shrinkage of gel pores and fine capillary pores. Among different types of nanofillers, one-dimensional nanotubes are most beneficial to reduce porosity, and zero-dimensional nanoparticles have a more pronounced effect on reducing pore size. The effect of nanofillers on the pore structure of RPC is mainly attributed to the conversion of pore water inside C–S–H gel, inducing reorganization of gel structure. Specifically, nanoparticles cause the gel layer surrounding the pore water to shrink or even partially collapse, while nanotubes and nanosheets fill the collapsed gel layers with pore water, in turn, producing a slight swell between gel layers. It is the slight changes in the microstructure of C–S–H gel that cause shrinkage and deformation of concrete materials at the macroscopic scale, which, in turn, greatly affects the overall performances of RPC with nanofillers.

Composite polymer electrolytes reinforced by hollow silica nanotubes for lithium metal batteries

Herein, a series of one-dimensional silica nanotubes (SNts) with hollow nanostructures and high uniformity are synthesized by etching the rod-shaped nickel-hydrazine complex, and composite polymer electrolytes (CPEs) are prepared by introducing SNts and lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI) into poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) skeleton. The CPEs obey Vogel-Tamman-Fulcher empirical equation and the ionic conductivity is demonstrated to be maximum of 4.35 × 10−4 S cm−1 with the longest SNts (270 nm) as fillers at 30 °C, which is significantly higher than that of PEO/LiTFSI (6.13 × 10−8 S cm−1) and PEO/LiTFSI/silica nanoparticles (SNps) (1.07 × 10−6 S cm−1). The connection between SNts among the whole composite contributes the efficient transport pathway to lithium ions. Furthermore, the fabricated cell exhibits good cyclability and rate capability. The SNts based CPEs represent a new design idea for solid-state electrolytes and offers opportunities for lithium metal batteries in the future.

Methyl red dye in the tuning of polypyrrole conductivity

Polypyrrole was prepared by the oxidation of pyrrole with iron(III) chloride in aqueous medium in the presence of methyl red dye. While the acid form of dye had no effect on the polypyrrole synthesis, the presence of its sodium salt increased the conductivity from 1–5 S cm−1 up to 84 S cm−1 for the polymerizations carried out with variable dye concentration at 20 °C. When the reaction temperature was reduced to −50 °C, the conductivity increased up to 104 S cm−1. At temperatures below −20 °C, the polymerization took place in frozen reaction medium, in ice. The morphology of polypyrrole was mainly globular and often converted to particles of irregular size and shape. It was concluded that one-dimensional morphology, nanotubes or nanofibers characteristic of polypyrrole, is not an automatic prerequisite for the high conductivity of this polymer.

Structure and electronic properties of single-walled C3N nanotubes

Abstract One-dimensional nanotubes have become an indispensable ideal candidate material for nano-device applications due to their excellent and unique electronic, mechanical, and thermal properties. By the first-principles method of density functional theory, we have theoretically investigated the structural stability, electronic properties, carrier mobility, and Poisson's ratio of C3N single-walled nanotubes (C3NSWNT). We find that C3NSWNT is stable and the ground state of the system is non-magnetic. The electronic properties and carrier mobilities of C3NSWNT can be adjusted by diameter and edge engineering. The electron mobility of (n,n) armchair C3NSWNT (A-C3NSWNT) is lower than that of (n,0) zigzag C3NSWNT (Z-C3NSWNT), but the hole mobility of (n,n) A-C3NSWNT is higher than that of (n,0) Z-C3NSWNT. Moreover, both A-C3NSWNT and Z-C3NSWNT can transfer from semiconductor to metal by tuning the electric field, and Z-C3NSWNT is more sensitive to the applied electric field than A-C3NSWNT due to smaller energy gap. But only A-C3NSWNT can transfer from semiconductor to metal by tuning strain, and be more suitable to the application in nano electromechanical switching devices. These research results may provide some theoretical support for the potential application and development of nanoelectronic devices based on C3NSWNT.

Harnessing SnO2 nanotube light scattering cluster to improve energy conversion efficiency assisted by high reflectance

One-dimensional SnO2 hollow nanotubes (1D SHNs) were formed via the electron-spinning method. The 1D SHNs exhibit the hierarchical nanostructure and high aspect ratio. The morphological feature allows the solar light sources to be reflected toward the dye molecule absorbed by the TiO2 layer. The ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis) spectra for diffusion reflectance and transmittance indicate that a thin 1D SHN scattering cluster has a significant impact on the incident light efficiency. Due to these optical characteristics, the dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) fabricated with the thin 1D SHN scattering cluster on the conventional TiO2 photoanode layer exhibits a high solar light-to-energy conversion efficiency of 5.6%. Meanwhile, the DSSC fabricated with the conventional TiO2 photoanode layer shows a solar light-to-energy conversion efficiency of 4.2%. The enhanced solar light scattering of the SnO2 nanotube scattering cluster enables an approximate 1.3 fold enhancement in the total solar light-to-energy conversion efficiency.

Atomic Layer Deposition of SnO2-Coated Anodic One-Dimensional TiO2 Nanotube Layers for Low Concentration NO2 Sensing.

The continuous emission of nitrous oxides contributes to the overall air pollution and deterioration of air quality. In particular, an effective NO2 sensor capable of low concentration detection for continuous monitoring is demanded for safety, health, and wellbeing. The sensing performance of a metal oxide-based sensor is predominantly influenced by the availability of surface area for O2 adsorption and desorption, efficient charge transport, and size or thickness of the sensing layer. In this study, we utilized anodic one-dimensional (1D) TiO2 nanotube layers of 5 μm thick which offer large surface area and unidirectional electron transport pathway as a platform to accommodate thin SnO2 coatings as a sensing layer. Conformal and homogeneous SnO2 coatings across the entire inner and outer TiO2 nanotubes were achieved by atomic layer deposition with a controlled thickness of 4, 8, and 16 nm. The SnO2-coated TiO2 nanotube layers attained a higher sensing response than a reference Figaro SnO2 sensor. Specifically, the 8 nm SnO2-coated TiO2 nanotube layer has recorded up to ten-fold enhancement in response as compared to the blank nanotubes for the detection of 1 ppm NO2 at an operating temperature of 300 °C with 0.5 V applied bias. This is attributed to the SnO2/TiO2 heterojunction effect and controlled SnO2 thickness within the range of the Debye length. We demonstrated in this work, a tailored large surface area platform based on 1D nanotubes with thin active coatings as an efficient approach for sensing applications and beyond.

Breakdown of electroneutrality in nanopores

Ion transport in extremely narrow nanochannels has gained increasing interest in recent years due to unique physical properties at the nanoscale and the technological advances that allow us to study them. It is tempting to approach this confined regime with the theoretical tools and knowledge developed for membranes and microfluidic devices, and naively apply continuum models, such as the Poisson-Nernst-Planck and Navier-Stokes equations. However, it turns out that some of the most basic principles we take for granted in larger systems, such as the complete screening of surface charge by counter-ions, can break down under extreme confinement. We show that in a truly one-dimensional system of ions interacting with three-dimensional electrostatic interactions, the screening length is exponentially large, and can easily exceed the macroscopic length of a nanotube. Without screening, electroneutrality breaks down within the nanotube, with fundamental consequences for ion transport and electrokinetic phenomena. In this work, we build a general theoretical framework for electroneutrality breakdown in nanopores, focusing on the most interesting case of a one-dimensional nanotube, and show how it provides an elegant interpretation for the peculiar scaling observed in experimental measurements of ionic conductance in carbon nanotubes.

Co- and N-doped carbon nanotubes with hierarchical pores derived from metal–organic nanotubes for oxygen reduction reaction

On the basis of metal–ligand coordination, uniform folic acid–Co nanotubes are synthesized as sacrificial templates for hierarchically porous Co–N/CNTs that exhibit outstanding activity for oxygen reduction reaction. • Metal–ligand coordination and intermolecular H-bond interaction for FA–Co NTs formation. • Co and N co-doped CNTs from the sacrificial templates of FA–Co NTs. • Co and N co-doped CNTs with abundant Co–N x sites for oxygen reduction reaction. Biomolecules with a broad range of structure and heteroatom-containing groups offer a great opportunity for rational design of promising electrocatalysts via versatile chemistry. In this study, uniform folic acid–Co nanotubes (FA–Co NTs) were hydrothermally prepared as sacrificial templates for highly porous Co and N co-doped carbon nanotubes (Co–N/CNTs) with well-controlled size and morphology. The formation mechanism of FA–Co NTs was investigated and FA–Co-hydrazine coordination interaction together with the H-bond interaction between FA molecules was characterized to be the driving force for growth of one-dimensional nanotubes. Such distinct metal–ligand interaction afforded the resultant CNTs rich Co–N x sites, hierarchically porous structure and Co nanoparticle-embedded conductive network, thus an overall good electrocatalytic activity for oxygen reduction. Electrochemical tests showed that Co–N/CNTs-900 promoted an efficient 4e − ORR process with an onset potential of 0.908 V vs. RHE, a limiting current density of 5.66 mA cm −2 at 0.6 V and a H 2 O 2 yield lower than 5%, comparable to that of 20% Pt/C catalyst. Moreover, the catalyst revealed very high stability upon continuous operation and remarkable tolerance to methanol.

Transformation of Bulk Alloys to Inorganic Nanowires

One-dimensional (1D) nanomaterials, namely nanowires (NWs), nanotubes and nanofibers, have emerged as feasible building blocks for the next generation of devices and materials, with applications envisioned in electronics, sensors, energy technologies and water purification [1]. Because of their high strength and modulus, 1D materials are seen as reinforcement fillers for metal, polymer, epoxy, and glass composites. Remarkably, the reduction of the diameter of the 1D materials from 1000 nm by the factor of 10-100 can dramatically increase their mechanical properties. In particular, the Al2O3 1D materials with the diameters of the sub 50 nm are believed to exhibit superior tensile strength and modulus, as predicted theoretically (tensile strength 20 GPa) [2], which is of tremendous importance to the field of engineered composites, especially taking into account availability of alumina, its light weight and low cost. However, the synthesis of ceramic 1D materials embraces outstanding challenges with a use of complicated reaction techniques.Here, we demonstrate an unexpected discovery of the synthesis of metal-organic Al alkoxide NWs with tunable diameters (40-1000 nm) and high aspect ratios (1,000+) upon exposure of bulk bimetallic Al-Li alloy to alcohols at ambient temperatures and pressures without the use of any catalysts, porous templates, corrosive chemicals or external stimuli [3, 4]. We further demonstrate a conversion of metal-organic Al alkoxide NWs to the corresponding ceramic Al2O3 NWs upon heating. We demonstrate the crucial parameters of controllable growth of the metal-organic NWs, such as composition of the alloy, molecular structure of the NWs, and the strain energy minimization of alloy grains at the reactive interface. We also show the cost-effective condition of the metal-organic alkoxide NWs synthesis by reducing the content of Li metal in alloy from 20 to 5wt.%. By utilizing the solution and solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance, we provide sufficient characterization rigor of the molecular structure of the metal-organic NWs. The conditions of the transformation of metal-organic NWs to oxide ceramic NWs and the microstructure of ceramic oxide NWs, which influence their mechanical properties will be additionally discussed.We will also demonstrate the technology of the replacement of conventional polymer separators for Li-ion batteries (LIBs) by thermally stable, flexible, and wettable binder-free fabric from Al2O3-cellulose NWs. Because of the easiness in preparation and economical attractiveness, we foresee that our accessible and low-cost membranes will elicit as fundamental low-cost filler materials in LIBs.