Online Search Research Articles

Online Search Trends Related to Bariatric Surgery and Their Relationship with Utilization in Australia

PurposeThere is an abundance of online information related to bariatric surgery. Patients may prefer a specific type of bariatric surgery based on what they read online. The primary aim of this study was to determine online search trends in bariatric surgery over time in Australia and worldwide. The secondary aim was to establish a relationship between public online search activity and the types of bariatric surgery performed in Australia.Materials and MethodThe terms “adjustable gastric band,” “sleeve gastrectomy,” and “gastric bypass surgery” were submitted for search volume analysis in Australia and worldwide using the Google Trends “Topic” search function. This was compared alongside the numbers of gastric bandings, sleeve gastrectomies, and gastric bypass surgeries performed in Australia over time to determine if there was a relationship between the two.ResultsSearch trends for “adjustable gastric band” and “sleeve gastrectomy” in Australia were similar to trends seen worldwide. However, search trends for “gastric bypass surgery” differ between Australia and the rest of the world. It took at least a year for online searches to reflect the higher number of sleeve gastrectomies performed relative to gastric bandings. There was a lag time of over four years before online searches reflected the higher number of gastric bypass surgery performed compared to gastric banding.ConclusionSearch interests in Australia and worldwide were similar for gastric banding and sleeve gastrectomy but different for gastric bypass surgery. Online search activity did not have a significant association with the types of bariatric surgery being performed in Australia.Graphical

Glide Path in Endodontics: A Literature Review of Current Knowledge.

The introduction of nickel-titanium rotary instruments revolutionized shaping procedures as they were able to produce a well-tapered preparation while reducing operator fatigue. The major drawback of rotary instruments was the high risk of fracture due to bending and torsional stress. Thus, the creation of a glide path has been advocated and recommended by most rotary instrument manufacturers. The aim of the present review is to summarize existing knowledge on glide path preparation and identify areas where further research is needed. The primary goal is to provide a comprehensive overview of the techniques and instruments used in glide path preparation, highlighting their advantages and limitations. The secondary goal is to explore the effect of glide path creation on the overall success of endodontic treatment, particularly in terms of reducing procedural errors and improving treatment outcomes. An online search on PubMed, ScienceDirect, UCLA, and Scopus databases was conducted, and 116 articles were identified. Eligible articles were divided into nine categories based on what they researched and compared. The categories included centering ability and/or root canal transportation, cyclic fatigue resistance, glide path and shaping time, tortional stress resistance, apical extrusion of debris and/or bacteria, defects in dentine walls, file separation, postoperative pain assessment, and scouting ability and performance. Establishing a glide path reduces root canal transportation, especially with rotary methods. Reciprocating and heat-treated files offer higher fatigue resistance and shorter preparation time. Instruments with shorter pitch lengths have greater torsional strength. Preparation and coronal preflaring reduce apical debris and bacteria. Glide paths do not affect dentine microcracks, file separation, or defects but reduce immediate postoperative pain and improve cutting ability. Randomized trials are needed to assess their impact on treatment outcomes.

The impact of exercise intervention on social interaction in children with autism: a network meta-analysis.

Extensive research has documented the positive impacts of physical activity on children and adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD). However, the specific benefits of various sports on the social functioning of children with ASD remain ambiguous. This study aims to employ a network meta-analysis to investigate the effects of different sports on the social functioning of children and adolescents with ASD and to establish a ranking of their effectiveness. This study conducted a comprehensive online search across Web of Science, PubMed, Cochrane, and Embase databases for randomized controlled trials and quasi-experimental studies focusing on social functioning outcomes. Data were synthesized using a Bayesian framework. Sixteen relevant studies encompassing 560 participants were included. According to Cohen's classification, mini-basketball (SMD = 0.84, 95% CI: 0.46, 1.20), SPARK (SMD = 0.88, 95% CI: 0.06, 1.70), and Karate (SMD = 1.10, 95% CI: 0.27, 2.00) demonstrated high effect sizes, with Karate identified as the most effective intervention. Conversely, Combined Exercise and Nei Yang Gong interventions exhibited the least significant effects, falling below small effect sizes. Physical activity interventions have been shown to enhance social functioning in children and adolescents with ASD to varying extents, with Karate emerging as the most efficacious.

Bariatric Surgery in Patients with Previous Cardiac Revascularization: Review of Literature.

Background: The diet and physical activity of the world's population determine the increase in the number of bariatric surgeries. The most common types of bariatric surgery are laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) and Roux-Y gastric bypass (RYGB). Surgical interventions are carried out in patients with numerous comorbidities, among which the most common are cardiovascular diseases. The aim of the present study was to review the literature regarding the safety and results of surgical treatment in patients with cardiac revascularization prior to surgery. Methods: We performed an online search in Pubmed in September 2023 to identify articles that reported cardiac revascularization prior to bariatric surgery. The extracted information included details of the working method, number of patients, types of cardiovascular disease-heart failure (HF) and cardiac artery disease (CAD), types of revascularization-coronary artery bypass graft (CABG), percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) or both CABG + PCI, demographic data (age, gender, race), clinical characteristics (body mass index-BMI, smoking status), comorbidities (diabetes mellitus, hypertension, prior myocardial infarction), postoperative complications, and postoperative results. Results: A total of 171 records were identified by the initial search, and 165 papers were excluded after applying the exclusion criteria (types of cardiovascular disease, types of revascularization, and demographic data). We evaluated a group of 9479 patients of which 730 had HF, 2621 CAD, and 1426 underwent prior cardiac revascularization. The analysis of the demographic data showed an average age of 55.5 years and a fluctuation of the male gender between 39% and 71.1%, and the female gender between 28.9% and 61%. The main types of bariatric interventions were RYGB (3659 cases) and LSG (659 cases), to which adjustable gastric band (AGB) and bilio-pancreatic diversion-duodenal switch (BPD-DS) were added. Among the most postprocedural complications were ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (2 patients), gastro-intestinal bleeding (51 cases), pulmonary embolism (1 patient), arrhythmia (3 patients) and pacemaker insertion (1 patient). The recorded postoperative mortality rate was 0.42% (6 cases). Conclusions: Bariatric surgery remains safe in patients with cardiac revascularization. These finding need to be confirmed in more large-scale randomized trials.

Impact of Literature in English Language Teaching - Challenges and Opportunities: A Literature Review

The integration of literature into English language teaching (ELT) is increasingly recognized for its ability to enhance linguistic skills and cultural awareness. This literature review aims to provide valuable insights and recommendations for best practices in applying literature within ELT across various educational contexts. Employing a literature review methodology, the study examines both primary and secondary sources, including recent articles, conference papers, and other relevant documents obtained from academic databases and online search engines such as Google Scholar and ERIC. The review process involves selecting pertinent publications, collecting and analyzing data, discussing related topics, integrating supporting information, and drawing conclusions. The findings reveal that while integrating literature into ELT presents certain challenges, such as selecting appropriate texts and addressing varied student proficiency levels, it also offers significant opportunities for enriching language instruction. Additionally, various effective strategies for integrating literature into ELT across different countries are identified. The study highlights the potential of literature to improve English language teaching and provides recommendations for leveraging literary resources to maximize educational benefits.

Relationship between patient safety culture and patient experience in hospital settings: a scoping review

BackgroundMeasures of patient safety culture and patient experience are both commonly utilised to evaluate the quality of healthcare services, including hospitals, but the relationship between these two domains remains uncertain. In this study, we aimed to explore and synthesise published literature regarding the relationships between these topics in hospital settings.MethodsThis study was performed using the five stages of Arksey and O’Malley’s Framework, refined by the Joanna Briggs Institute. Searches were conducted in the CINAHL, Cochrane Library, ProQuest, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, SciELO and Scopus databases. Further online search on the websites of pertinent organisations in Australia and globally was conducted. Data were extracted against predetermined criteria.Results4512 studies were initially identified; 15 studies met the inclusion criteria. Several positive statistical relationships between patient safety culture and patient experience domains were identified. Communication and teamwork were the most influential factors in the relationship between patient safety culture and patient experience. Managers and clinicians had a positive view of safety and a positive relationship with patient experience, but this was not the case when managers alone held such views. Qualitative methods offered further insights into patient safety culture from patients’ and families’ perspectives.ConclusionThe findings indicate that the patient can recognise safety-related issues that the hospital team may miss. However, studies mostly measured staff perspectives on patient safety culture and did not always include patient experiences of patient safety culture. Further, the relationship between patient safety culture and patient experience is generally identified as a statistical relationship, using quantitative methods. Further research assessing patient safety culture alongside patient experience is essential for providing a more comprehensive picture of safety. This will help to uncover issues and other factors that may have an indirect effect on patient safety culture and patient experience.

Legal issues in the implementation of Maternal Death Surveillance and Response: a scoping review.

The Maternal Death Surveillance and Response (MDSR) system is designed to continuously identify and review all maternal deaths. It aims to help countries understand the scale and distribution of maternal deaths, identify their causes, and inform corrective measures to address the challenge. Despite the growing adoption of the MDSR by numerous low- or middle-income countries, its implementation faces various challenges, including legal ones. This scoping review was conducted to map legal issues and challenges that arise during the implementation of the MDSR. It adapted the Bain and Kongnyuy framework, categorizing legal issues into data, people, use of findings, and legal regulation. Literature was retrieved from seven databases, complemented by additional online searches. We included studies published in English between 2010 and November 2022 that report on legal issues arising during the implementation of MDSR. Out of 1174 studies screened, 31 were selected for review. The review highlighted the limited attention given to the legal dimension of the MDSR by the research community. It also documented the lack of adequate legal framework essential for the system's effective implementation. Inadequate safeguards for informational privacy and the lack of confidentiality reinforce a prevalent sense of being blamed, mainly among health workers. Consequently, widespread under-reporting and intentional misattribution of causes of maternal death, defensive referrals, and disengagement from the MDSR process were reported. We recommend that implementing countries regulate the gathering and use of MDSR data through appropriate laws and legally ensure that the MDSR data are only used for the intended purpose. Appropriate complaint-handling mechanisms are needed in health systems to prevent the misuse of the MDSR. Future studies on MDSR implementation would benefit from involving legal experts, considering the multifaceted legal dimensions of the MDSR.

Global research on emerging trends of obstetrics during the COVID-19 pandemic: A bibliometric analysis.

Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) has caused continuous effects on the global public, especially for susceptible and vulnerable populations like pregnant women. COVID-19-related studies and publications have shown blowout development, making it challenging to identify development trends and hot areas by using traditional review methods for such massive data. Aimed to perform a bibliometric analysis to explore the status and hotspots of COVID-19 in obstetrics. An online search was conducted in the Web of Science Core Collection (WOSCC) database from January 01, 2020 to November 31, 2022, using the following search expression: (((TS= ("COVID 19" OR "coronavirus 2019" OR "coronavirus disease 2019" OR "SARS-CoV-2" OR "2019-nCoV" OR "2019 novel coronavirus" OR "SARS coronavirus 2" OR "Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2" OR "SARS-COV2")) AND TS= ("obstetric*" OR "pregnancy*" OR "pregnant" OR "parturition*" OR "puerperium"))). VOSviewer version 1.6.18, CiteSpace version 6.1.R6, R version 4.2.0, and Rstudio were used for the bibliometric and visualization analyses. 4144 articles were included in further analysis, including authors, titles, number of citations, countries, and author affiliations. The United States has contributed the most significant publications with the leading position. "Sahin, Dilek" has the largest output, and "Khalil, Asma" was the most influential author with the highest citations. Keywords of "Cov," "Experience," and "Neonate" with the highest frequency, and "Systematic Review" might be the new research hotspots and frontiers. The top 3 concerned genes included ACE2, CRP, and IL6. The new research hotspot is gradually shifting from the COVID-19 mechanism and its related clinical research to reviewing treatment options for pregnant women. This research uniquely delves into specific genes related to COVID-19's effects on obstetrics, a focus that has not been previously explored in other reviews. Our research enables clinicians and researchers to summarize the overall point of view of the existing literature and obtain more accurate conclusions.

Quality and Readability of Noise-Induced Hearing Loss Prevention-Related Websites.

This cross-sectional website analysis aimed to determine the readability and quality of English and Spanish websites pertaining to the prevention of noise-induced hearing loss. Cross-sectional website analysis. Various online search engines. We queried four popular search engines using the term "noise-induced hearing loss prevention" to reveal the top 50 English and top 50 Spanish websites for data collection. Websites meeting inclusion criteria were stratified based on the presence of a Health on the Net Code certificate (independent assessment of honesty, reliability, and quality). Websites were then independently reviewed by experts using the DISCERN criteria in order to assess information quality. Readability was calculated using the Flesch reading ease score for English and the Fernandez-Huerta formula for Spanish websites. Thirty-six English websites and 32 Spanish websites met the inclusion criteria. English websites had significantly lower readability (average = 56.34, SD = 11.17) compared to Spanish websites (average = 61.88, SD = 5.33) (P < .05). Spanish websites (average = 37, SD = 8.47) were also of significantly higher quality than English websites (average = 25.13, SD = 10.11). This study emphasizes the importance of providing quality and readable materials to patients seeking information about noise-induced hearing loss prevention. All of the English and Spanish websites reviewed were written at a level higher than the American Medical Association-recommended sixth-grade reading level. The study also highlights the need for evidence-based information online provided by experts in our field.

Characterizing the Online Discourse on Facial Paralysis: What Patients Are Asking and Where They Find Answers.

Background: With the rising popularity of online search tools, patients seeking information on facial palsy are increasingly turning to the Internet for medical knowledge. Objective: To categorize the most common online questions about Bell's palsy or facial paralysis and the sources that provide answers to those queries. Methods: Query volumes for terms pertaining to facial palsy were obtained using Google Search trends. The top 40 keywords associated with the terms "Bell's palsy" and "facial paralysis" were extracted. People Also Ask (PAA) Questions-a Google search engine response page feature-were used to identify the top questions associated with each keyword. Results: A total of 151 PAA Questions pertaining to the top 40 keywords associated with "Bell's palsy" and "facial paralysis" were identified. Etiology questions were most frequent (n = 50, 33.1%), meanwhile those pertaining to treatment were most accessible (119.5 average search engine response pages/question, 35.5%). Most sources were academic (n = 81, 53.6%). Medical practice group sites were most accessible (211.9 average search engine response pages/website, 44.8%). Conclusion: Most PAA questions pertained to etiology and were sourced by academic sites. Questions regarding treatment and medical practice sites appeared on more search engine response pages when compared with all other categories.

Enhancing online cataract surgery patient education materials through artificial intelligence

ObjectiveTo assess the feasibility of using artificial intelligence (AI) to improve readability of online cataract surgery patient education materials (PEMs) in English and Spanish. ParticipantsWebsites with information dedicated to educating patients about cataract surgery. DesignComparative cross-sectional study. MethodsThe first 50 patient-oriented websites containing PEMs related to cataract surgery were identified through online search. Website authorship was categorized as an institution, private practice, or medical organization. Websites were assessed qualitatively for information accuracy, the presence of narrative video content, and multilingual availability. Readability of PEMs was assessed using five validated reading formulas. A natural language processing platform was used to simplify PEMs in English and Spanish. Converted PEMs were reassessed for readability and accuracy. ResultsA total of 32 institution, 7 private practice, and 11 medical organization sites were included. The overall average original reading grade level was 11.68 ± 1.59. After conversion, overall reading grade level improved to 7.94 ± 0.82 (p < 0.01). The first 10 results had better readability (10.40 ± 1.59) and reading ease (57.51 ± 9.24) compared to the subsequent 40 results (11.99 ± 1.43; p = 0.01; 47.64 ± 8.59; p < 0.01). Converted simplified Spanish text had an average reading ease score of 61.17 ± 5.39 (8–9th grade level). Native Spanish text reading ease improved from 57.41 ± 5.24 to 71.78 ± 5.24 (p < 0.01) following conversion (7th-grade level). ConclusionAI conversion can enhance the readability of online PEMs on cataract surgery, while maintaining accuracy and content integrity, thereby improving accessibility and comprehensibility for a wider audience.

Predicting a successful match among applicants to reproductive endocrinology and infertility fellowship

To identify independent predictors of a successful match to reproductive endocrinology and infertility (REI) fellowships, and to develop and internally validate a prediction model for REI match results. Retrospective cohort study. REI fellowship applications sent to the University of Pennsylvania from 2019 to 2023 (excluding 2020), which represented nearly all REI applicants nationally according to National Resident Matching Program (NRMP) data. Demographics, education, training, and academic achievements. Match result, confirmed through online search and communication with program administrators. Univariate analyses identified variables associated with match, which were then included in multivariable models to identify independent predictors. Bootstrapping was used to assess model discrimination and calibration. The final model was integrated into a web-based tool. Of 286 applications (99.0% of REI applications to the NRMP), 199 (69.6%) resulted in a successful match. In univariate analyses, variables associated with match were younger age, attendance at an allopathic U.S. medical school, USMLE and CREOG scores, residency rank, residency affiliation with a fellowship, research experiences, first-author publications, abstracts/articles in progress, and poster presentations. In the adjusted model, independent predictors of match included residency affiliation with an REI fellowship (aOR 5.43, 2.02-14.64), residency rank (aOR 1.77, 1.25-2.50), USMLE score (aOR 1.05, 1.02-1.08), at least one first-author publication (aOR 2.32, 1.08-4.96), projects in progress (aOR 1.26 (1.02-1.55), and poster presentations (aOR 1.07, 1.00-1.15). Attendance at an international medical school was a negative predictor (aOR 0.32, 0.11-0.88). The model achieved an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.883, with 88.5% sensitivity and 65.8% specificity. A refined model without USMLE scores maintained strong performance (C-statistic 0.85, 0.81-0.91; calibration slope 0.91, 0.72-1.24). Affiliation with an REI fellowship, residency reputation, and research output strongly predicted match success. Gender, race, and ethnicity were not major predictors, yet underrepresentation of certain racial and ethnic groups limited the power to detect potential differences. Our prediction model correctly classified >75% of candidates' match results. These findings may help candidates optimize applications and estimate chances of a successful match into REI fellowship, as well as assist programs in critically reviewing their selection criteria for fellowship match.

Anatomic or Reverse Total Shoulder Arthroplasty? How Fellowship Training Affects Selection of Arthroplasty Type

While both anatomic (ATSA) and reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RTSA) have been popularized as a means of treating individuals with degenerative shoulder conditions, the indications for each can vary widely amongst providers. While surgeons with differing fellowship training commonly perform these procedures, it is not understood how fellowship training influences choice of implant. A national database was queried to identify surgeons performing anatomic and reverse total shoulder arthroplasty. For all surgeons who performed more than 10 cases between 2010-2022, fellowship data was individually collected via online search. For each fellowship group, rates of anatomic and reverse total shoulder arthroplasty were identified using International Classification of Diseases (ICD) procedural codes. Those undergoing revision arthroplasty and those with a history of fracture, infection, or malignancy were excluded. Primary outcome measures included the proportion of primary and revision ATSA and RTSA by fellowship in addition to the rate of RTSA performed for a primary diagnosis of glenohumeral osteoarthritis. A total of 131,974 patients met the inclusion criteria and were retained for this study. RTSA increased from 50.1% of all primary shoulder arthroplasty cases in 2011 to 72.0% in 2022. After adjusting for age and comorbidities, Sports Medicine fellowship-trained (Sports) surgeons opted for primary RTSA over ATSA at a significantly higher rate than Shoulder and Elbow fellowship-trained (Shoulder) surgeons and surgeons who completed another type of fellowship or no fellowship (Other). Sports surgeons also chose RTSA more frequently for the diagnosis of glenohumeral osteoarthritis compared to Shoulder surgeons. Surgeons in the Other cohort were more likely to perform primary ATSA rather than RTSA in comparison to surgeons in the Shoulder and Sports cohorts. Sports surgeons were responsible for the greatest increase in percentage of all shoulder arthroplasty procedures from 2010-2022 (28.4% to 40.4%) while the Other group decreased by a comparable amount (45.9% to 32.4%) over the same period. Surgeons who have completed a Sports Medicine fellowship choose RTSA over ATSA at a higher rate than Shoulder and Elbow surgeons, both for all indications and also for a primary diagnosis of glenohumeral osteoarthritis. Those who have no fellowship training or fellowship training outside of Sports Medicine and Shoulder and Elbow surgery have the highest percentage of ATSA in their arthroplasty practice. Revision anatomic and revision reverse total shoulder arthroplasty represents a larger percentage of overall case volume for Shoulder and Elbow surgeons.

Content analysis of current role/job descriptors for Band 5/junior physiotherapists and mapping of these to Physiotherapy Professional standards of practice

BackgroundKNOWBEST was a mixed methods study exploring the KNOWledge, BEhaviours and Skills required of the modern physioTherapy graduate. ObjectivesTo undertake a content analysis of current role descriptors (RDs) for Band5/junior physiotherapists and map these to the knowledge, skills, behaviours and attributes required for contemporary physiotherapy practice. DesignContent analyses and mapping. SettingAll health care settings: ParticipantsAvailable RDs for newly qualified/Band 5 physiotherapists across a representative range of roles and settings for this stage of a physiotherapist’s career across the UK and all health care settings. MethodsJob descriptors were obtained using three approaches 1) via direct upload to the study website, 2) on-line searches of job vacancies, 3) directly emailing managers to fill any gaps in representativeness. Data regarding knowledge, skills, behaviours and attributes were extracted, coded (BC) and checked (CML). Data analysesDocumentary content analyses and mapping of these to Professional Standards of practice. Results19 RDs were analysed. High expectations of behaviours and attributes, and extensive pre-requisite knowledge and skills were identified and detailed. Considerable variability was seen across RDs, at least seven being suited to more highly specialist and/or experienced staff. Equality, diversity and inclusivity concerns were evidenced. Active research was not included in many RDs and not mentioned in any standards. Digital learning and skills were not strongly evidenced. ConclusionsA review of Band 5/Junior post and RD requirements is recommended including a standard template developed to promote equity. Professional standards emphasise some pillars of practice, such as clinical, more than others. Contribution of the Paper•Role descriptors for band 5/junior/recently qualified physiotherapists demonstrated wide heterogeneity in knowledge, skills, attributes and behaviours.•Analysis of RDs revealed high expectations of behaviours and attributes, and extensive pre-requisite knowledge and skills in qualified physiotherapists.•A review of Band 5 post and role descriptor requirements is recommended and a standard template developed and designed to promote equity.•Findings indicate that some areas of physiotherapy practice are featured less strongly in professional standards of practice than others. It is evident that some of the pillars of advanced practice, such as clinical practice, are weighted more heavily than others.

Review of Current Clinical Options for the Management of Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia.

Dementia is a disease most prevalent in the older adult population. The cognitive symptoms of dementia include impairments in problem-solving, memory, and language. Some patients experience noncognitive symptoms in addition to the cognitive symptoms of dementia. These noncognitive symptoms are called behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia or BPSD. The primary objective of our study was to examine the therapeutic options, guidelines, and clinical considerations for the management of BPSD. The existing literature about BPSD was reviewed with searches in PubMed, MEDLINE, and online search platforms. Dysregulation of neurotransmission involving acetylcholine, dopamine, and serotonin has been shown to cause behavioral and psychological symptoms of Alzheimer's disease. BPSD can include hallucinations, agitation, delusions, anxiety, apathy, abnormal body movements, irritability, depression, disinhibition, and sleep or appetite changes. Pharmacologic therapies used in the treatment of BPSD include antidepressants, antipsychotics, anxiolytics, and anticonvulsants. Treatment can be tailored to the specific noncognitive symptoms that are experienced. The use of these agents may be limited based on recommendations from the Beers Criteria®, STOPP criteria, treatment guidelines, and FDA warnings.

Geographic Disparities in Online Searches for Psoriasis Biologics in the United States: Google Trends Analysis.

Geographic Disparities in Online Searches for Psoriasis Biologics in the United States: Google Trends Analysis.

The Role of Psychological Factors in Noncardiac Chest Pain of Esophageal Origin.

Noncardiac chest pain (NCCP) of esophageal origin is a challenging clinical problem of diverse etiology that affects more than 80 million Americans yearly. We assess the prevalence and impact of psychological disorders on NCCP of esophageal origin, describe possible mechanisms associated with this condition, and review psychological therapy options. Online search using PubMed and Medline from January 1, 1966, to April 30, 2023. Psychological disorders have been reported in up to 79% of patients with NCCP of esophageal origin. Several psychological disturbances have been identified with this condition, including depression, anxiety, panic disorder, phobias, and obsessive-compulsive and somatoform disorders. It is unclear whether the psychological disorders trigger the chest pain or vice versa. Multiple psychological mechanisms have been linked to chest pain and may contribute to its pathogenesis and severity. These mechanisms include cardiophobia, poor coping strategies, negative social problem solving, stress and perceived control, hypervigilance to cardiopulmonary sensations, altered pain perception, and alexithymia. Psychological therapies for NCCP of esophageal origin include cognitive behavioral therapy, hypnotherapy, physical and relaxation training, breathing retraining, and alternative medicine. Among the therapeutic options, cognitive behavioral therapy has been shown to be an effective treatment for NCCP of esophageal origin. This review raises awareness about the high prevalence of psychological disorders in NCCP of esophageal origin and highlights the need for clinical trials and trained therapists to address the management of this taxing clinical problem.

Navigating the digital marketplace: perception, risks and webrooming intention

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to validate the factors influencing perception of digital buyers (PDB), risk factors of digital buying (RFDB) and webrooming intention (WI) and also to examine the mediating role of WI between PDB and RFDB.Design/methodology/approachThe antecedents of variables were validated using exploratory data analysis. The association between PDB and RFDB was established using structural equation modelling. Furthermore, the mediating role of WI is examined using the Sobel test.FindingsThe antecedents of PDB (digitization practice, credence preference, brand awareness and consciousness, product features, utilitarian behaviour, price and discount factors), RFDB (performance risk, socio-psychological risk, financial risk, aesthetic risk, time and return risk and perceived quality risk) and WI (perceived ease of online search, usefulness of online search, need for touch, socialization and webrooming attitude) were identified. PDB significantly and positively influences RFDB. There is a direct relationship between PDB and WI. WI and RFDB are positively correlated. WI partially mediates between PDB and RFDB.Practical implicationsThe research outcome helps the multi-channel retailers to identify the digital platforms to find greater opportunity for customer engagement.Originality/valueThe study augments the body of literature on WI by exploring the interplay of PDB, RFDB and WI, which will help retail personnel to strategize operational practices.

Quality of Information About Kidney Stones from Artificial Intelligence Chatbots.

Introduction: Kidney stones are common and morbid conditions in the general population with a rising incidence globally. Previous studies show substantial limitations of online sources of information regarding prevention and treatment. The objective of this study was to examine the quality of information on kidney stones from artificial intelligence (AI) chatbots. Methods: The most common online searches about kidney stones from Google Trends and headers from the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases website were used as inputs to four AI chatbots (ChatGPT version 3.5, Perplexity, Chat Sonic, and Bing AI). Validated instruments were used to assess the quality (DISCERN instrument from 1 low to 5 high), understandability, and actionability (PEMAT, from 0% to 100%) of the chatbot outputs. In addition, we examined the reading level of the information and whether there was misinformation compared with guidelines (5 point Likert scale). Results: AI chatbots generally provided high-quality consumer health information (median DISCERN 4 out of 5) and did not include misinformation (median 1 out of 5). The median understandability was moderate (median 69.6%), and actionability was moderate to poor (median 40%). Responses were presented at an advanced reading level (11th grade; median Flesch-Kincaid score 11.3). Conclusions: AI chatbots provide generally accurate information on kidney stones and lack misinformation; however, it is not easily actionable and is presented above the recommended reading level for consumer health information.

Web Search Engine Results Page Viewing Formats for Different Search Tasks

Search engine results pages (SERPs) commonly organize online search results in a list-based format. Various viewing formats have been suggested to improve search effectiveness, efficiency, and user satisfaction. However, except for the Knowledge Graph view, which is based on semantic search and appears as information boxes on the SERP, those views are rarely implemented in popular Web search engines. This study investigates the effect of three viewing formats (list, Google Knowledge Graph, and clustered list) on user performance and satisfaction when performing five common types of search tasks mapped in previous studies (navigate, find-simple, find-complex, locate/acquire, and explore/learn). A Chrome extension we developed is used to enable clustering on Google search results. While overall effectiveness was similar across viewing formats, efficiency and satisfaction varied significantly depending on the search task. The operative implication is that search engine viewing formats should adapt to the specific search task.