Online Mode Research Articles

Ensuring grid resilience: Voltage stability analysis and contingency ranking in electric power systems

Modern-day power systems are highly stressed and operate close to the stability limit. The bus voltage variation in power systems generally infringes on the researcher's mind about voltage stability. The main focus of this manuscript is the voltage stability problem and voltage security assessment rather than the angle stability problem. Voltage security can be determined by running a full-load AC load flow with contingency analysis. In real-time analysis, running thousands of contingencies in online mode is quite a cumbersome task, so here in this manuscript, we have proposed a functional link-based ANN for voltage security assessment and then predicted the weakest voltage control area by the entropy concept along with the placement of FACTS devices according to the voltage control area weakness factor and contingencies ranking. The novel technique is then tested with IEEE-14 Bus and IEEE-30 Bus systems with voltage stability performance indicators.

Enacting the signature pedagogies of arts education in the online learning environment for primary teacher education

ABSTRACT In Australia, where initial teacher education is offered both on-campus and in a fully online mode, future primary-school generalist teachers study teaching across the school curriculum. This includes the arts curriculum where opportunities for future teachers to engage in authentic arts learning themselves are generally seen as essential for developing their arts teaching capabilities. However, a number of university educators have reservations about being able to do this effectively in the online environment because of the practical, experiential, and performative nature of arts learning. This study reviews the learning design of two compulsory arts education units in a fully online Bachelor of Education (Primary). It uses the “signature pedagogies” conceptualisation of the distinctive, durable, and pervasive pedagogical features of a discipline and explores whether arts education’s signature pedagogies can be sustained in the online environment. Using qualitative content analysis methodology, the study shows that the learning design preserves arts education’s signature pedagogies in the online context, though the expression of these is re-imagined for this learning environment. Augmented by survey data from students’ unit evaluations, the study shows that online teacher education can offer meaningful arts learning in units designed for future primary-school teachers.

Practices and Effectiveness of Online Teaching of English in Bangladeshi Universities: Implications for a Revised TPACK

This paper reports an empirical study on the practice and effectiveness of online EFL teaching during COVID-19. Teachers had to shift to an online mode of teaching very suddenly with no previous experience and without much preparation. Their practices and effectiveness were investigated using the Technological Pedagogical and Content Knowledge (TPACK) theoretical model as the framework. A mixed method research design was planned and carried out in Bangladeshi universities using a web-based survey and in-depth interviews. Data from 50 university English teachers highlight the need for a student-oriented perspective in teacher education and the creation of online teaching-based teacher development programmes (TDP) to enhance students’ experiential learning in online platforms, in line with the ‘learning technology by design’ approach. More importantly, the element of “Context” (XK) and “Classroom Management Knowledge” (CMK) have emerged as important ‘new’ tenets of TPACK. Hence, a revised version of TPACK is suggested. Further research and discussions are advocated before it could be established and propagated as an acceptable version of TPACK.

Research on the Design of Blended Teaching of "Food Physical and Chemical Inspection" Course

The blended teaching mode is a cutting-edge teaching approach in current higher vocational education. Compared with traditional teaching methods, it has advantages such as rich teaching resources, intuitive teaching methods, no time and space constraints, and strong student classroom participation. These advantages effectively stimulate students' enthusiasm for learning and improve classroom teaching effectiveness. This paper takes the core course "Food Physical and Chemical Inspection" of the higher vocational food inspection and testing technology major as an example. Based on online classrooms and simulation training platforms, a complete blended teaching design case is designed, covering pre-class preparation, in-class tutoring, post-class summarization, and reflection evaluation. Practice has proven that the blended teaching mode of online and offline fully utilizes teaching time inside and outside the classroom, mobilizes students' enthusiasm and initiative, and achieves the expected teaching objectives.

Connectivism as a deterrent pedagogical approach for blind students at Historically Disadvantaged Institutions

The educational domain, like other spheres of human endeavour, was impelled to improvise and undergo unforeseen transitions because of covid19. These transitions, among other things, affected teaching and learning processes that had to shift from physical to online mode. Dissimilar to traditional learning approaches such as cognitivism and constructivism which emphasise the cruciality of learning context, connectivism is underpinned by the notion that learning is disseminated through networks using diverse virtual learning platforms. In the case of blind students, these learning platforms require up-to-date technologies for accessibility purposes. The availability of updated technologies is an outstanding matter in most Historically Disadvantaged Institutions (HDI) of higher learning. This disadvantages the affected students in terms of academic progression. Thus, this study aims to divulge the challenges faced by blind students at HDI of higher learning through the Connectivism paradigm. A qualitative descriptive design will undergird the study. Five blind students from HDI will be purposively sampled and interviewed. The findings will be presented and analysed through Qualitative Content Analysis (QCA), and viable recommendations will be made.

Numerical and Experimental Determination of Selected Performance Indicators of the Liquid Flat-Plate Solar Collector under Outdoor Conditions

The paper proposes applying an in-house mathematical model of a liquid flat-plate solar collector to calculate the collector time constant. The described model, proposed for the first time in an earlier study, is a one-dimensional distributed parameter model enabling simulations of the collector operation under arbitrarily variable boundary conditions. The model is based on the solution of energy balance equations for all collector components. The formulated differential equations are solved iteratively using an implicit difference scheme. To obtain a stable numerical solution, it is necessary to use appropriate steps of time and spatial division. These were found by comparing the results obtained from the model with the results of the analytical solution available in the literature for the transient state, which constitutes the novelty of the present study. The accuracy of the results obtained from the model was verified experimentally by comparing the measured and calculated history of the fluid temperature at the outlet of the collector. The calculation of the collector time constant is proposed in the paper as an example of the model’s practical application. The results of the time constant calculation were compared with the values obtained experimentally on the test stand. This is another novelty of the presented research. The analysed collector instantaneous efficiency was then calculated for selected outdoor conditions. The presented mathematical model can also be used to verify the correctness of the collector operation. By comparing, on an ongoing basis, the measured and calculated values of the fluid temperature at the collector outlet, conclusions can be drawn about the process of solar glass fouling or glycol gelling. The simplicity of the model and the low computational demands enable such comparisons in an online mode.

Relations between different components of group identification and types of social media political participation in the context of the Fridays for Future movement

Social media revolutionized political participation possibilities, and movements like Fridays for Future (FFF) rely on them. Understanding the factors driving the novel online modes of political participation is crucial. Consequently, this project explores the relations between diverse group identification components and social media political participation types in the context of FFF, drawing on the Social Identity Model of Pro-Environmental Action and extending previous work by treating group identification as multidimensional construct.Two German quota samples (N = 619, 45 % men; N = 616, 44 % men) completed online surveys assessing group identification components and social media political participation types applied to the FFF context. Generalized linear models were used to investigate their relations.Centrality – the extent to which individuals perceive their membership in FFF as an important aspect of their self-concept – was the strongest and most consistent predictor of Counter, Follower, and Expressive Engagement via social media in both samples. Additionally, each social media political participation type exhibited distinct connections with different group identification components.These results underscore the relevance of group identification in emerging forms of social media political participation. The diverse connections between distinct group identification components and participation types underscore the need to examine both considering their diverse forms.

Awareness, knowledge, and practice among regular primary school teachers about hearing impairment

Abstract Purpose: Children will develop communication, cognitive, language, and social skills, and early academic achievement more effectively like their other typical hearing children if they are identified and intervened early. This study aimed to investigate the awareness, knowledge, and practices of regular school teachers regarding hearing impairment and its influencing factors. With the evolution of education for hearing-impaired children toward inclusive practices, teachers play a pivotal role in identifying and supporting students with hearing loss. Methods: Employing a questionnaire-based cross-sectional design with convenient sampling, 270 participants were recruited. The self-administered questionnaire investigates teachers’ awareness, knowledge, and practices concerning various aspects of hearing impairment. These aspects included etiology, effects, identification, management, audiology, communication methods/modifications, teacher support, noise, and prevention. Results: The study revealed a limited understanding among regular school teachers regarding the causes of hearing loss and the working and benefits of amplification devices. While the overall knowledge level regarding hearing impairment was deemed fair, notable gaps were identified. However, overall good awareness and practice were observed. Conclusion: From the above study, it can be concluded that teachers with special training (prior training related to education to hearing impaired children through seminar and online mode) were substantial better on awareness and knowledge skills compared to nontrained teachers.

Understanding Language Learners’ Perceptions of Teachers’ Roles in Online Education: A Metaphor Analysis

This study investigates language learners’ perception of Turkish teachers’ roles in an online setting using metaphor analysis. The aim of this qualitative study was to see how learners viewed their teachers’ roles in the setting. Using this data collection tool through convenient sampling, this study elicited 161 language learners’ perceptions of teachers’ role in an online context during the COVID-19 era between December and January 2020. Analyzing the data, the researchers came up with 10 different conceptual metaphors depicting learners’ beliefs about their teachers’ roles. The results identified some differences between how learners view teachers’ roles in an online mode of education compared to the conventional one as other studies suggest. The implications of these findings for teachers in general and language teachers in particular are discussed, highlighting what can be done to cushion the adverse effects of this novel medium of instruction.

Covid-19 Pandemic & Post Pandemic-Technology and Education

The COVID-19 pandemic, was occurred in 2019. It is a worldwide pandemic which effect the whole world. The disease is mainly pass through the respiratory track; Infected people transmit the COVID-19 virus when they are Come in contact with other non-infected persons. However, infection can also be occurred in longer distances, particularly indoors. This pandemic has drastically changed the use of digital technologies in the field of education due to the social distancing norms and nationwide lockdowns. People and organizations all over the world have had to adjust to new ways of work and life. Education is field in which there is a dramatic shift to the online mode of transacting. Since the beginning of the lockdown, schools, colleges and universities around the world have shifted their classes to video conferencing platforms like Zoom, goggle classroom, Microsoft and goggle meet Suit. This increases the on-screen community. Some universities are now shifting entirely to the online mode, with the exception where require a physical presence is necessary. Due to Covid-19 pandemic we imagine a largest shift of digital usage on all fields of work and life. These changes are largely depended on our responses to and shaping of the emerging trends (e.g., Some School App). The Covid-19 pandemic has led to online revolution in education fields to shift to work-from-home (WFH). The Covid-19 post pandemic introduce a new mode of education i.e. hybrid or blended mode of learning.

Public Opinion Towards Teenagers and Their Stress in Modern Era

Stress is the way the body reacts. It's an unavoidable consequence of life. Teen stress may be a big issue in today's society. Recent studies have shown that teens may develop more stress when compared to the adults. People don't remember those problems because they need to forget them. Stress may be a significant problem for teens. There are many factors that lead into teen stress, like school, drugs, peer pressure etc. Stress is the way the most of the humans react both physically and mentally affected due to the situations, changes and events in their lives. It is associated with the feeling of physical or emotional tension and accompanied by psychological process. It is based on the perception of the situation or circumstances. Stress issues are basic with numerous individuals announcing encountering extraordinary degrees of negative stress. Stress is a response to a changing, requesting condition. Appropriately considered, stress is extremely more about our ability to deal with change than it is about whether that change causes us to feel positive or negative. So here we are going to discover procedures that can help you securely and adequately decrease your weakness to encountering extreme negative pressure. Stress is a response to a changing, requesting condition. Appropriately considered, stress is extremely more about our ability to deal with change than it is about whether that change causes us to feel positive or negative. The research method followed here is the empirical research. A total of 200 samples have been taken out of which is taken through a convenient sampling method. The sample frame taken by the researcher is through online mode. The independent variable taken here is age, education, occupation, gender, marital status. The dependent variables are the causes that leads to teenage stress, the personal methods to relieve your stress and frequency of feeling stressed

Markov Chains for User Queries Mining: Image Retrieval Application using Internet

Abstract: We suggest a brand-new technique for automatically annotating, indexing, and retrieving photos based on annotations. We introduce the novel technique, which we term Markovian Semantic Indexing (MSI), within the framework of an image retrieval system in online mode. In the event that such a system exists, the queries entered by the users are utilised to build an Aggregate Markov Chain (AMC), which defines the significance between the terms the system sees. The photographs are automatically annotated based on the queries entered by the users. Next, depending on the annotation of each image and the keyword relevance recorded in the AMC, a stochastic distance between them is presented. The suggested distance is given geometric meanings, and its relationship to a grouping in the keyword space is examined. The optimality qualities of the suggested distance are demonstrated by the use of a novel Markovian state similarity measure, the mean first cross passage time (CPT). Images are represented as points in a vector space, and MSI is used to calculate how similar two images are. In Annotation-Based Image Retrieval (ABIR) tasks, it is demonstrated that the novel method outperforms Latent Semantic Indexing (LSI) and probabilistic Latent Semantic Indexing (pLSI) methods in terms of Precision against Recall and has some theoretical advantages.

Online Education and its Relevance for Pakistan: A Case Study of Professional Development and Research Institute Pakistan (PDRI)

This article debates the need and importance of alternative education by comparing online and on-campus modes of learning. Focusing on the (PDRI) in Pakistan, which was shifted to online education during the pandemic, this research aims to determine the benefits and drawbacks of both methods. This research will further identify the role of AI in modern online education and the problems posed by the alternative methods. For extended access and flexibility in post-COVID Pakistan, e-learning has emerged as an important solution. It, however, comes with difficulties in technological participation barriers and quality assurance challenges. On-campus education offers face-to-face interaction and campus resources. This paper, therefore, argues for future research directions in the pursuit of hybrid models, addressing socio-cultural barriers by building digital literacy toward more inclusive education systems. These insights seek to enlighten stakeholders on how to establish an adaptable and resilient system of education for their digital future.

Factors affecting quality of education during pandemic: lessons learnt and way forward

PurposeThe pandemic brought by COVID-19 in March 2020 shook the entire world, compelling everyone to remain indoors. Most B-Schools were unprepared for such a situation and did not have the resources to carry out the teaching and learning activities. B-schools then adopted online and hybrid modes of learning to impart education to their students. The purpose of this study is to identify factors affecting the quality of education along with lessons learnt and lessons to be left behind, using qualitative method.Design/methodology/approachThe factors affecting the quality of education were drawn from the literature, and 18 faculty members were interviewed. The study uses a descriptive method, where interviews were conducted, and each interview was recorded, with an explicit permission of respective faculty member and coded and categorized to identify themes.FindingsThe significant contribution of this study is that it highlights? Through the learnings and experiences of the pandemic? What will work in the future for business schools. The use of online teaching-learning sessions and softwares, namely, Turnitin and Grammarly will not fade away. Faculty will use various engagement tools such as quizzes and simulations to improve the learning and quality of education in the post-pandemic era. Various interactive and online tools emerged during the pandemic which allowed faculty to use diagrams and infographics in their teaching, and this helped the faculty to cater to students with different learning styles.Originality/valueThis study will provide B-Schools, faculties and leaders an input for improving the quality of online education. The present study provides an empirical contribution to the factors affecting online education and its quality, by highlighting the perspective of faculty members with the help of qualitative study. These factors make a clear and strong indication that education in the future will be partly online, wherein a lot of e-learning resources will be used by faculty to impart quality education.

Practical downlink satellite‐FSO/RF cooperative relays: Performance analysis and LSTM prediction

SummaryThe present research work aims to investigate the reliability of the mixed free space optical (FSO)/radio frequency (RF) decode‐and‐forward (DF) relaying system where the satellite intends to communicate with the ground station through the unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) as the relay node. Moreover, it has been considered that a second UAV interferes with the intended UAV. The operation of the UAVs has been represented considering the small scale fading, path loss, 3‐D location, and probability of maintaining line‐of‐sight (LoS) and non line of sight (NLoS) links, while FSO link undergoes Malaga distributed turbulence. Using the aforementioned model, the closed form expressions for the outage probability and bit error rate (BER) have been derived. The exact expressions have been extended to obtain the high signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) results for the outage probability and BER. The analytical expressions have been numerically evaluated and the results obtained through these expressions have been verified using the Monte Carlo simulations. More importantly, long short‐term memory (LSTM)‐based deep learning model has been trained for prediction of outage probability. The model is trained offline and then utilized to predict the values of the outage probability in online mode with mean square error (MSE) and root mean square error (RMSE) of MSE = −45.02 and RMSE = −18.34 dB.

‘Who knows what will come next to interrupt our assessments’: the adaptability of assessments across face-to-face and online instructional environments

Universities are increasingly facing disruptions from political crises, natural disasters and public health emergencies, prompting a shift to emergency online teaching. It is different to normal online teaching as students may lose access to campus, community/society or even hosting countries. This qualitative study investigated the adaptability of assessments when shifting entirely from face-to-face to emergent online modes. Data was collected from four disciplines at the macro level and 74 courses from eight disciplines at the micro level. Five design feature dimensions were identified as affecting assessment adaptability between two instructional environments: students’ resources access, student autonomy, measurement focus, external standard adherence and venues/contexts/equipment reliance. The results revealed an increasing use of asynchronous assessments and increased student control and responsibility in assessments. Three levels of changes were observed, including pedagogical changes from testing students’ memories to measuring students’ higher-level understanding. In addition to the challenges in assessment security reported in previous literature about shifts to online modes, this study identified new areas of challenges to assessment validity, fairness of assessments, teacher control, teachers’ and students’ assessment literacy and university infrastructure. A model on the adaptability of assessment is proposed, offering implications for online assessment.

Determinants of Perceived Stress among Indian Adults during Second Wave of COVID-19

The present study was conducted from June–July, 2021 in online mode and a questionnaire was designed at the Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Community Science, G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar. The study aims to find an association of perceived stress with socio-demographic factors, health profile and physical activity among Indian adults during the second wave of COVID-19. Data on perceived stress was collected through an online cross-sectional survey of 1933 Indian adults based on the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS). Multivariate ordinal regression was conducted to identify the predictors of perceived stress. Indian adults were moderately stressed, with a mean PSS score of 19.7±5.5 during the crisis time of COVID-19. The study population remained moderately active (59.3%) during the lockdown period. Perceived stress was negatively associated with age, education, income, and physical activity and positively associated with random blood sugar levels and sitting time. Odds of perceived stress increased with female gender, separated marital status, having one child or adolescent in the family, graduate or postgraduate as the educational status of the family’s head, and increased sitting time. High educational status, retirement, regular employment, middle or lower-class social class, and high physical activity level were negative predictors of perceived stress. The current investigation highlights the role of multiple factors in the perception of stress and the need for tailored interventions for vulnerable groups focusing on education and physical activity.

Upaya Peningkatan Hasil Belajar Biologi Dengan Menerapkan Model Pembelajaran Discovery Learning Terpadu

The purpose of this study was to determine the improvement of learning outcomes of students in class X MIPA 1 in Integrated Islamic High School of Nurhidayah Sukoharjo by applying the Discovery Learning “TERPADU” model in online learning. This research is a classroom action research model of Kemmis and Taggart which consists of four stages in each action, namely planning, implementation and observation, evaluation, and reflection. The research was conducted in two cycles of action. The subjects of this research were students of class X MIPA 1 with a total of 34 students. This research instrument is in the form of tests and non-tests. The results of this study indicate the achievement of student learning outcomes that have increased from pre-action to cycle I to cycle II, namely: (1) the student's average score of 66.68 (pre-action) increased to 82.72 (cycle I) then increased again to 89.11 (cycle II), (2) the percentage of classical completeness of 51.67% (pre-action) increased to 82.33% (cycle I) then increased again to 100% (cycle II), (3) N-gain of 0.31 in the “medium” category (cycle I) increased to 0.58 or stayed in the “medium” category (cycle II). Based on these results, it can be concluded that the application of the Discovery Learning “TERPADU” model can improve Biology learning outcomes. Based on this study, the researcher provides suggestions: (1) this Discovery Learning “TERPADU” model also needs to be tested in other class action research either conducted in online mode or offline mode (in the classroom) and (2) this research needs to be developed by using information technology and computer-based learning media in offline mode learning.

Development of a structured validated module to inculcate research skills in medical undergraduates.

Background Evidence-based research aids in decision-making in the health sector for developing health policies for prevention, diagnosis and treatment of diseases. Medical research is not taught in the undergraduate curriculum. Studies show that attributes of research knowledge, awareness and practical involvement in research are low among undergraduate students. We developed and validated a module and trained undergraduate students in research skills through an inter-ventional workshop using the structured module. Methods We did this participatory action research with a mixed-methods approach in the Department of Community Medicine at Adesh Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Bathinda, Punjab. A structured module was developed by the core committee and validated internally and externally. Pilot testing of the module was done by delivering it in the form of a workshop to 46 students. For statistical analysis, percentage agreements, validity indices, median (interquartile range), satisfaction percentages and Wilcoxon sign test were used. Results The structured and validated module was established to have high face validity (>90%) and content validity (CVI=0.975). The module was successfully pilot tested for delivery through both onsite and online modes. The satisfaction percentage with the workshop was 91% and 100% and overall rating of the module was 74% and 91% by interns and MBBS students, and 100% by faculty. The scores of knowledge and skills were found to be significantly higher on all variables post workshop with p<0.001. All students scored satisfactory grades for research skills. Conclusions Teaching research using a structured validated module improved the knowledge and skills related to research among students. Both students and faculty were satisfied with the use of the structured module.

The Digital Insurance Paradigm: A Theoretical Exploration

The advent of technology has significant impact on the economy as a whole. Technology is attributed to the transition such as from traditional mode to online mode. Financial services industries such as banking, insurance are also witnessed huge growth in their businesses. Several technologies such as artificial intelligence, cloud computing, internet of things, block chain technology etc are gaining momentum these days. Insurance companies are using electronic mode as a alternate channels for communication, sales and distribution. The study focuses on the acceptance of electronic channels for availing digitalized insurance services by policyholders. The main aim of the study is to develop conceptual model for explaining user’s behavior intention towards adoption of digital life insurance services. The study has used unified theory of acceptance and use of technology model while incorporating some external variables such as trust, self efficacy etc. Attitude has also been used as a mediator for explaining the relation between other constructs and behavior intention. Keywords: Online Insurance, Trust, Attitude, Technology, Financial Services, Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology.