Olympic Values Research Articles

Representing the Importance of Olympic Values in the Personality Structure of Young People Today

This study aimed to gain a higher level of understanding of the Olympic concept. We wanted to emphasize the representation of Olympic values in the personality structure of today's young people. The subjects of the study are the university's clients, in the last year of the bachelor's cycle. A total of 54 subjects were included in this study. Therefore, this paper wants to support the steps of strengthening and continuing the introduction of Olympic values in education as the main element of the value system.

Olympism and role of Olympic Values in Sport

The Olympic Movement is one of the most amazing phenomena in the history of mankind. Olympism and the Olympic Movement strongly promote ethics, values, education, excellence, fair play and cultural understanding among people. Olympic games represent the largest sports festival in the world where the athletes get an opportunity to meet and compete with athletes form all over the world. Only a small number of people in the world become Olympians, but every person can enjoy the benefits of being physically active. Blending sport with culture and education, Olympism seek to create a way of life based on the joy found in effort, the education value of good example and respect for universal fundamental ethic principles. Sport is the most effective tool that promotes education, health, peace, gender equality and violence prevention. In addition, it is globally valued as an excellent mechanism for developing character and contributing to world peace and safety. Over the past 120 years Olympism has been adapted by the Olympic Movement and associated with values present at the given times since its formative years. The Olympic Movement has lived with the need to articulate competition and education, individual and nation, sports for the elite and sports for everybody. To this day the Olympic Games present themselves to be a non-political festivity in the spirit of humanity, free from discrimination based on gender, sex, race, color, sexual orientation, religious or political opinion. The aim of this article is to discuss the concept of Olympism, Olympic Games, Olympic Values and the role of values which are extremely important currently in the 21st century.

Olympism in School and Competitive Anxiety: Its Influence on Participants and Their Perceptions

Abstract Anxiety is one of the most widespread mental health disorders worldwide. It is prevalent throughout the life cycle and appears in multiple contexts, such as sports.In line with the idea of sport as a means of promoting integral health, the Andalusian Olympic Foundation promotes Olympic values through the “Olympism in School” programme. This programme, developed in two phases – theoretical and practical (including a “Mini Olympics”) – aims to improve the psychological development of participants through sporting competition. In order to demonstrate whether the management of factors such as competitive anxiety was achieved through this programme, 153 children aged 10-13 completed a socio-demographic data questionnaire and the SAS-2 questionnaire after participating in sporting events. The results showed that the participants endured intermediate levels of competitive anxiety (with greater weight given to the worry factor) and that the anxiety was greater in children not used to competition or who did not usually enjoy it. These findings indicate that competition is a factor related to anxiety in children and that strategies for managing the impact of the competitive context are necessary to enable enjoyment and healthy participation.

THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PERCEPTION OF THE MASCOTS OF THE YOUTH OLYMPIC GAMES FOR NATIONS AND THEIR CONNECTION WITH OLYMPISM

The Olympic Games is undoubtedly the world’s greatest sporting competition and visual exhibition and is, perhaps, the most important international event with considerable social, cultural, and economic implications. The mascot, torch, and medals serve as highly effective tools for expressing the visual design concept associated with these items. Through careful observation of the ideas showcased in each Olympic Games, one can discern the host country's sport spirit and cultural characteristics. The Olympic mascots serve as representatives of the host city for a period of three years leading up to and during the Games. In this significant role, mascots are considered icons, representing and symbolizing something beyond themselves. Therefore, the mascots themselves become icons of the city that is hosting the Games. The aim of the of the research was to reveal the significance of the mascots of the Youth Olympic Games for the nations from the point of view of perception and their connection with the Olympic ideas and values. Studying the mascots of the Youth Olympic Games, we can note that they are mostly presented in the form of animals. It is noteworthy that the mascots express some element of national culture, or, in other words, express the culture of the city or country representing the Games. Here it is necessary to emphasize that mascots are an excellent way to present the culture and history of a country or city to the whole world thanks to the Games. The mascots of the Youth Olympic Games express the fundamental values of Olympism, carry the colors of the Olympic flag, are a source of inspiration and striving for excellence among young people, and are a call to all mankind to make the world better, cleaner and peaceful.

A Comparison of Chinese Media Reporting Frameworks on the Beijing Winter Olympics and Summer Olympics: A Case Study of People's Daily Headlines

In order to gain a deeper understanding of Chinese media coverage of the two Olympic events, this article, from the perspective of framing theory, utilizes mathematical statistics, content analysis and text analysis to make statistics, describe and understand the data respectively. Through comparing and studying the thematic framework, structural framework, and discourse framework of People's Daily's headlines on the two events, it is found that the fundamental reason for changes in the Olympic reporting framework is the enhancement of national strength. Media development updates serve as the direct driving force behind changes in the Olympic reporting framework, while the transformation of Olympic values acts as the underlying dynamic.

Do the Olympic values influence the social capital and the in-game commitment? A case study of esports players

ABSTRACT This study aims to explore and describe the structural relationships among player perceptions of (a) the Olympic values, (b) the social capital formation, and (c) the game commitment. A field study was conducted in Portugal, and data were collected from esports players (n = 408) through an online questionnaire to establish cross-sectional associations. Structural equation models (SEM) examined the relationships between the constructs and tested the existence of mediation effects. The results indicated that the perception of Olympic values can positively influence the social capital formation and the psychological attachment to the game. In addition, the findings also highlighted the predictive power of the in-game social capital on the gaming commitment, suggesting its inclusion in future models. Social implications focus on cultivating the Olympic values through esports as a way to strengthen the player community and to enhance a lasting psychological attachment to the game.

Esports and Olympic Games: a cross-cultural exploration of the player support behaviour towards the Olympics

PurposeDespite the advances in theory and practice about player behaviour in esports gaming literature, there is a lack of understanding as to whether esports are compatible with the values of Olympism and if they should be considered for future Games editions. The current study advances this line of research by examining esports player experiences, their effects on perceiving Olympic values, and the support towards the Olympics in order to verify if differences occur according to the cross-cultural environment.Design/methodology/approachUsing a sample of 671 esports amateur gamers from three countries (Portugal, Brazil and Japan), structural equation models and a multigroup analysis were performed to analyse the differences in the hypothesized paths existing between the groups.FindingsResults reveal that player in-game emotional experiences positively influence Olympic values perception across countries. The excellence and friendship values showed a positive effect on support intentions to the Games towards Portuguese and Brazilian players, while the respect value was the strongest predictor towards behavioural intentions in Japan. Cultural backgrounds and game genre in each country can explain player attitude towards the Olympic values shared on the online environment.Originality/valueThis study is able to provide a better understanding of how the Olympic values serve as a gratification in different cross-cultural environments according to the theory of uses and gratifications (U&G) and the theory of cultural dimensions. Complementarily, these findings can be used as valuable information for esports publishers and developers attempting to spread the Olympic values in the esports industry.

Formation of Olympic values in younger schoolchildren within the educational process in institutions of general secondary education in Ukraine

The terms "Olympic education" and "Olympism" cover a variety of educational initiatives aimed at children and youth in general secondary education. The article presents a critical analysis of these initiatives, as well as a review of the relevant secondary literature, including a small but significant number of studies that develop a genuine critique of Olympic education and Olympism. The history of the Olympic movement is partially revealed and identified with the development of the educational space surrounding idealistic Olympic education, with an emphasis on the generally undeniable value of Olympism as a key tool in character formation. The program for introducing Olympic values into the educational process of Ukrainian schoolchildren is considered, and the hidden and explicit corporate messages embedded in these materials are identified. The authors looked at the educational program of educational institutions that try to challenge the hegemony of the Olympic industry in educational institutions to study how the pedagogical process works in general secondary education institutions. This is a scientific novelty of our time. Olympic education, combining the ideas of universal values, offers various methods of their realization.
 Purpose: to analyze the implementation of an educational program based on the principles of Olympism in the educational space of general secondary education institutions. Conclusions. If Olympic values are reflected in the behavior of primary school children, it can be assumed that the educational process has achieved results, and that the pedagogical process of Olympic education ensures the development of the Olympic movement.

VIEWS OF SLOVAK ELEMENTARY SCHOOL STUDENTS ON OLYMPIC VALUES

Problem Statement: Slovak schools could participate in the educational program created by the International Olympic Committee OVEP (Olympic Values Education Program). It is a program of value education through the values of Olympism, which helps participants develop their positive moral and ethical qualities. The following educational themes, aimed at transmitting a contemporized version of the Olympic principles, are the basis of the OVEP program: joy of effort, fair play, respect for oneself and others, pursuit of excellence, harmonious and balanced life of body, will, and mindApproach: The research sample consisted of 1549 fifth- and sixth-grade students from Slovak elementary schools. The significance of differences in students’ knowledge and attitudes by gender and physical activity was evaluated using the Pearson´s chi-squared test, Mann-Whitney U test and Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA. Purpose: The purpose of the study was to assess the level of knowledge about the ethical values of Olympism among elementary school students and their attitudes to Olympic values.Results: Gender differences in knowledge levels suggest that boys have more knowledge about Olympic values than girls. Significant gender differences in students’ attitudes towards Olympic values were observed for all values, except for friendship. Comparison between groups according to physical activity levels in the students’ knowledge and attitudes showed statistically significant differences in some questionnaire items. Conclusion: The results have shown that gender may be a factor affecting attitudes towards Olympic values. Students achieved a high percentage of correct answers for the knowledge about particular Olympic values, which indicates good levels of knowledge.

Olympic Games and Adventure Sports: The Inclusion of Surfing in the Tokyo 2020 edition

As a result of the International Olympic Committee’s desire to rejuvenate its fan base and spark the interest of a new generation of spectators, the world witnessed the inclusion of action and adventure sports in the Tokyo 2020 Olympic games. These sports included sport climbing, skate street, skate park, BMX park and surfing. Focusing specifically on the sport of surfing, this study aims to explore the expectations around its debut in the Tokyo 2020 Olympic programme, nurtured by people relevant to the surfing universe, such as athletes, managers and journalists. This is a descriptive and exploratory study that uses bibliographic and documentary analysis as methodological procedures, along with a semi-structured interview script for qualitative exploratory research, focused on the inclusion of surfing in the Olympic programme. Through the analysis of interview data combined with the information obtained through literature review, we conclude that the inclusion of surfing in the Olympic programme presents possibilities that go beyond rejuvenating its audience; it also has the potential to reaffirm Olympic values.

Development of Olympic Values Knowledge Test: A Study on Secondary School 5th Grade Students

Bu araştırmada, ortaokul beşinci sınıf öğrencilerinin olimpik değerler ile ilgili bilgi düzeylerini belirlemeye yönelik test geliştirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmaya İstanbul’da bulunan beş farklı ortaokulda öğrenim gören 176 kız (Xyaş= 11,72, S= 0,83), 144 erkek (Xyaş= 11,50, S= 0,7) olmak üzere 320 öğrenci katılmıştır. Olimpik Değerler Bilgi Testi geliştirme kapsamında 12 kazanıma ilişkin 6 konu bilgisinin ölçülmesi hedeflenmiştir. Bu yönde bir belirtke tablosu ve belirtke tablosunda yer alan kazanım ve konuları ölçmek amacıyla 80 soruluk çoktan seçmeli denemelik test hazırlanmış ve yedi uzmanın görüşüne sunulmuştur. Uzman görüşlerinin uyumluluğu Miles ve Huberman’ın görüş birliği-görüş ayrılığı formülü ile hesaplanmış ve uzmanlar arası uyum % 83,4 olarak bulunmuştur. Hazırlanan 80 soruluk denemelik test formu beden eğitimi ve spor derslerinde öğrencilere uygulanmıştır. Elde edilen verilere dayalı olarak madde analizleri yapılmıştır. Testin güvenirliği Kuder- Richard 20 formülü ile hesaplanmıştır. Analizler sonucunda belirtke tablosunda yer alan her bir kazanımı yoklayan en yüksek madde ayırt edicilik gücüne (> 0,39) ve orta güçlüğe (0,40-0,60) sahip 26 madde nihai test için belirlenmiştir. Olimpik değerler hakkında bilgi düzeyini ölçmek için oluşturulan 26 maddelik bilgi testinin aritmetik ortalaması 15,81, ortalama güçlüğü 0,61 ve testin standart sapması 6,02 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Bilgi testi için hesaplanan KR-20 güvenirlik katsayısı ise 0,87 olarak bulunmuştur. Sonuç olarak, geliştirilen bilgi testinin beşinci sınıf öğrencilerinin olimpik değerler ile ilgili bilgi düzeyini belirlemede geçerli ve güvenilir olduğu bulunmuştur.

The Psychometric Properties of the Turkish Version of the Olympic Value Scale and Investigation of the Society's Perceptions of Olympic Value

Araştırmada, Olimpik Değer Ölçeği’nin (Olympic Value Scale) Türkçe literatüre kazandırılması ve bu ölçme aracı kapsamında bireylerin değer algılarının incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. İlk aşamada Olimpik Değer Ölçeği’nin psikometrik özellikleri değerlendirilerek, Türk kültüründe ölçeğin geçerliği ve güvenirliği 354 kişilik bir çalışma grubu ile test edilmiştir. 3 faktör, 12 maddeden oluşan ve 7’li likert tipinde derecelendirilen orijinal ölçek için öncelikle çeviri, sentez, geri çeviri, ön test ve uzman değerlendirmesi aşamaları uygulanmıştır. Ölçeğin Türk kültüründeki yapı geçerliği açımlayıcı faktör analizi (AFA) ile test edilmiş sonrasında doğrulayıcı faktör analizi (DFA) uygulanmıştır. Ölçeğin güvenirlik analizleri için Cronbach alfa katsayısı referans alınmış, maddelerin toplam test korelasyonları incelenmiştir. Olimpik Değer Ölçeği’nin orijinal ölçekle tutarlı bir yapıya işaret ettiği anlaşılmış ve Türk kültüründe de ölçeğin geçerli ve güvenilir bir yapı sağladığına kanaat getirilmiştir. Araştırmanın ikinci aşamasında, 1255 bireyin bazı sosyo-demografik özellikler kapsamında olimpiyatlara yönelik değer algıları incelenmiştir. “Başkaları ile Dostça İlişkiler” ve “Farklılıkların Takdiri’’ alt boyutlarında lisanslı sporculuk tecrübesi bulunan grubun lehine anlamlı düzeyde farklılık belirlenmiştir. Eğitim durumu değişkeni ele alındığında ise “Başkaları ile Dostça İlişkiler” ve “Rekabette Başarı” alt boyutlarında, lise ve altı eğitim seviyesine sahip katılımcıları lehine anlamlı düzeyde farklılık tespit edilmiştir.

COURSE SOFTWARE «TECHNOLOGIES OF HEALTH CULTURE FORMATION IN PHYSICAL EDUCATION»

The article reveals the content and structure of the curriculum «Technologies of forming a culture of health in physical education», which aims to form a meaningful and responsible attitude to their health and the environment through the acquisition of knowledge about health and healthy living, health skills conservation behavior as a condition of effective educational and professional activities and a generalized indicator of professional culture of the future specialist. The expectedlearning outcomes of the discipline are: to reproduce the basic concepts: «technology», «health technologies», «health culture»,«healthy lifestyle», «motivation», «Olympic values», «health environment»; determine the content and classification of health technologies in physical education; classify the forms, methods and principles of using technologies for the formation of a culture of health in physical education; to suggest ways of introduction of technologies of formation of culture of health in practical activity taking into account logistical support of employment by physical culture; use health technologies in physical education; to predict the main directions of innovative transformations in physical education. Research on the formation of a culture of youth health in order to train highly qualified professionals, find new approaches to the organization of the educational process, the introduction of health technologies aimed at humanizing education, there is an urgent need to expand the content of health knowledge.The author’s vision of the concept of «technology» as a complex dynamic phenomenon, the interaction of participants in the educational process, a set of tools, forms, methods, their stages, aimed at solving the problem of educating the future teacher in a healthy environment of higher education.

Ancient tradition of physical improvement: impulses for determining the priorities of modern education

The idea of the all-round harmonious development of individuals being the basis of effective education has been around since ancient times. The article explores a practical understanding of the transhistorical meanings of the phenomenon of Olympism and ideals and values related to this term through an excursion into antiquity and the analysis of the realities of modern education.
 The work aims to determine the potential of the ideal of an individual’s all-round harmonious development in the problematic area of modern education. To meet this purpose, we used a systemic and sociocultural approach, a complex of philosophical and general scientific methods in the context of interdisciplinary research.
 We conceptually defined and characterized the terms ‘ideal’ and ‘value’. A modern vision of the ‘ideal of Olympism’ is proposed. A certain deficit of ‘ideals’ in pedagogical structures of contemporary education, particularly in physical education, was revealed. In the context of the implementation of the individual life cycle, the benchmark of a comprehensively harmoniously developed individual with permanent self-improvement and evolutionary prospects of our biological species is defined.
 The following conclusions can be drawn from the present study:
 
 The Olympic ideal (and the values that form its inviolable core) have universal cultural and pedagogical significance, mobilizing a person for permanent self-realization and self-improvement.
 In the pedagogical context of Olympic education, the ‘ideal’ or ‘ideals’ are the basis of the humanistic educational
 
 tradition.
 
 In the individual perception frame, an ideal is the highest standard to which it makes sense to commit throughout
 
 the entire life cycle.
 
 The history of the Olympic movement illustrates the ideal and values of Olympism as a complex sociocultural and sports phenomenon.
 The ideal of an individual’s all-round harmonious development has a permanently sought-after potential in society, as it is connected with the further improvement of human nature.

Values-Based Physical Education and Teacher Education in South Africa

This qualitative research presents PE (Physical Education) teacher training workshops (TTW) which were developed and evaluated through the teachers’ feedback and reflections. Its goal was to create a PE programme enriched with the values of Olympism and Ubuntuism based on the idea that values-based education offers an investment in individual and societal improvement by implementing a values framework. Participatory action research was used to determine how data was collected, analysed, and presented on an ongoing, cyclical basis. The theoretical perspectives of the experiential learning theory and the cooperative learning theory were applied to teaching PE during the in-service physical education TTW. Ten PE teachers from five schools in the Tshwane District of South Africa participated as they best informed the research question and enhanced their understanding of the phenomenon under study. The TTW assisted in building and supporting PE pedagogical knowledge as teachers critically reflected on the diversity and inclusivity of their PE class context. An examination of the wide variety of teaching strategies, specifically used during teachable moments, that were employed throughout this study could be linked to the clarification of the values of Olympism and Ubuntuism. This research developed material for PE, which underpins the set of values of Olympism and Ubuntuism as core values that were modeled by teachers and guided their work. The TTW in a values-based PE programme builds and supports the teachers’ pedagogical knowledge to plan, deliver and access quality PE. Participatory action research and its reflective practice positively influenced the teachers' PE practice as it assisted the researchers and the participating teachers in a collective, self-reflective, inquiry.

Raiders of the Olympic Values: Perception of the Development of Women's Canoeing in Spain for Tokyo 2021.

Although canoeing is one of the oldest sports in the Olympic program, it was not until the Tokyo Olympics in 2021 that women’s canoeing was first included in the competition. This fact has posed a challenge to the initiation and technification systems of countries in order to obtain competitive results, particularly in Spain, as it is one of the sports that contributed the most medals to the Olympic medal tally. The aim of this study was to evaluate the promotion and development of talent in women’s canoeing in Spain for its first-ever Olympic participation. For this purpose, an analytical survey (n = 167) was carried out, the answers to which were contrasted by gender and modality practiced. The results showed a positive evaluation of the current position in flatwater female canoeing regarding talent that is consistent with the competitive results achieved. Additionally, we found that the gender of the respondents influences their perception of the age of sport initiation and the suitability of the progression in the competition systems for the promotion of women’s canoeing in Spain. Therefore, the results of the questionnaire will facilitate a quick diagnosis of critical aspects by sport managers, allowing them to take corrective actions in time for the development of female canoeists and, at the same time, to promote future studies that delve deeper into these topics.

Fair Play: What are the Knowledge, Skills, and Attitudes of 5th–6th Grade Lithuanian Pupils?

Sport, when practiced fairly, in a social and cultural context, enriches society, and on an individual level, offers the opportunity for self-awareness, expression and fulfilment, personal achievement, social interaction, enjoyment, and good health. However, sport is also facing fresh dangers and challenges from all corners of the globe. This article analyses the knowledge, skills, and attitudes of 5th–6th-grade Lithuanian pupils regarding the Olympic value of Fair play.

Responder or promoter? investigating the role of nation-state in globalization: The case of China’s strategies in the global wushu movement

This study examines how wushu, as a folk sport in China, has been promoted globally by a nation-state. Identifying the Global Wushu Movement (GWM) as an East-to-West diffusion and a political and cultural phenomenon, our analytical framework is based on that of globalization as proposed by Houlihan (1994 , 2016 ) and Held et al. (1999) . Our particular focus is on the ‘nation-state’, notably its role in activating the GWM and whether it is a responder to or a promoter of global sporting culture. Data was collected from both documentary analysis and semi-structured interviews involving a total of twenty key stakeholders. Findings reveal that some of China's strategies prove that it is a responder to the Olympic Movement. Other strategies demonstrate that China, as the promoter of the GWM, has its own agenda to influence the international sporting realm. More specifically, the state is indeed affected by globalization which can also be managed by the state. This is because, to some extent, while China accepted the Olympic value, it has also transformed a part of its own traditional culture (wushu) and exported it via the International Wushu Federation (IWUF) as the façade. Conceptually, the duality of China's strategies in the case of GWM implies the emergence of reverse globalization.

Applicability of Olympic Values in Sustainable Development

Sustainable development (SD) refers to development that can meet present needs, without compromising the ability of future generations to meet theirs. For global citizens to acquire and understand SD-related knowledge and cultivate the ability to apply and practice the principles of sustainability, Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) is essential. This study examines how ESD can be promoted through the Olympic Value Education Program (OVEP)—an initiative by the International Olympic Committee (IOC) for spreading the Olympic spirit. It draws inferences for addressing the shortcomings of the current ESD models. To that end, it analyzes the relationship between ESD and the OVEP, their relationships with SD, concepts, content, goals, and methods, by reviewing existing literature. The study found that the OVEP can act as a tool for ESD and has the potential to allow the effective acquisition of sustainability capabilities. Additionally, it found that since Olympic value education and SD have common goals, they can develop harmoniously to promote ESD.

Using Olympic Education as a Tool for Youth Development

The paper analyzed the current situation of the Olympic Education in Thailand. During studying fundamental principles of Olympics which is related to sports management in order to strengthen the relationship and promote youth development. Findings from a study of the Olympic Movement show that it is a global phenomenon that transcends the boundaries of sports and culture and extends to education, politics, economy, and technology and driven by a process in a systematic and comprehensive range of dimensions to maintain the value of Olympism. It is a philosophy of life that promotes the quality of life for the whole human body, mind, and spirit; the Olympic values include excellence, friendship, and respect as the basis of morality, values resulting from the fusion of sports, education, and culture intended for the peace of mankind.