Mixture Of Olive Oil Research Articles

Erratum: Contact Hypersensitivity as a Murine Model of Allergic Contact Dermatitis.

CHS = contact hypersensitivity reaction; TNCB = 2,4,6-trinitrochlorobenzene. Please click here to view a larger version of this figure. to: Figure 1: Induction of CHS. Sensitization, challenge, and ear measurement. CHS = contact hypersensitivity reaction; TNCB = 2,4,6-trinitrochlorobenzene. Please click here to view a larger version of this figure. Figure 2 of the Representative Results has been updated from: Figure 2: Adoptive transfer of the CHS-effector cells. ALNs =axillary and inguinal lymph nodes; CHS = contact hypersensitivity reaction; i.v. = intravenously; SPLs = spleens; TNCB = 2,4,6-trinitrochlorobenzene. Please click here to view a larger version of this figure. to: Figure 2: Adoptive transfer of the CHS-effector cells. ALNs =axillary and inguinal lymph nodes; CHS = contact hypersensitivity reaction; i.v. = intravenously; SPLs = spleens; TNCB = 2,4,6-trinitrochlorobenzene. Please click here to view a larger version of this figure.

Effects of Flaxseed Oil and Olive Oil on Markers of Inflammation and Wound Healing in Burn Patients: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

To study the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of flaxseed oil and olive oil on inflammatory markers for facilitating wound healing. One hundred and twelve patients were randomly selected to four groups with a total burn surface area (TBSA) of 20-50%. The four groups includes olive oil (OO), flaxseed oil (FO), mixture of olive oil and flaxseed oil (OF), and control group and received 30g of oils for three weeks. Serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), ferritin and albumin level as inflammatory markers, as well as cholesterol, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) as the lipid profile were explored. Wound healing was assessed by photographing on days 2, 8, 15, and 22 (during three weeks of intervention) and were analyzed in imageJ software. The greatest reduction in the level of hs-CRP and ferritin was observed in the OF (-21.38±44.41) (-132.79±165.36), while the lowest reduction was reported in the control group (-36.36±79.03) (141.08±262.36). Compared to control group, OO significantly increased albumin (0.88±0.65). Reduction of wound healing at the end of the first week of intervention was not significant in the study groups. However, the stereology examination showed significant improvement in wound healing at the end of the second and third weeks in the OF. Based on the findings, combination of herbal oils reduce inflammation and improve wound healing and showed positive effects on the size of wounds in burn patients.

Detection of ternary mixtures of virgin olive oil with canola, hazelnut or safflower oils via non-targeted ATR-FTIR fingerprinting and chemometrics

Detection of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) adulteration with ternary mixtures of undeclared foreign oils has rarely been reported in literature. The aim of the study was to develop a fit-for-purpose and highly sensitive non-targeted fingerprinting method via ATR-FTIR spectroscopy and qualitative modelling to detect ternary blends of a cheap unsaturated oil (safflower), two high in oleic acid oils (canola and hazelnut oils) at a standard adulteration level (20% v/v). An in-house spectral library for authentic EVOOs was exploited as reference data source. The 2nd derivative ATR-FTIR spectra were carefully explored for outliers throughout the multivariate calibration procedure using the Partial Least Squares Projection to Latent Structures-Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA) and the Soft Independent Modelling of Class Analogy (SIMCA) methods. Stepwise external validation of the resulting models signified 100% sensitivity in detecting challenging cases of adulteration, i.e. with 5% canola and 15% hazelnut oils. Taken the natural variability in composition of authentic EVOOs from different producing regions and harvest year and the complexity of the studied mixtures, the overall predictive power of every resulting model was found quite high, >92%. A prospective for expanding application at lower adulteration levels i.e. 10% v/v was also evidenced.

Effects of Aqueous Extract of Petroselinum crispum on Liver and Hematological Parameters in Carbon Tetrachloride (CCl4) - Induced Hepatotoxicity in Male Wistar Rats

In recent years, focus on plant research has increased to show the potential of some medicinal plants in discovery of novel compounds which could be used in treatment of some diseases. Petroselinum crispum is widely used traditionally as a food additive and herbal remedy for many ailments. This study is aimed to assess the effects of Petroselinum crispum on some liver enzymes and some haematological parameters in Carbon tetrachloride (CCL4) - induced hepatotoxicity in male wistar rats. A total of 25 wistar rats were used, which were divided into 5 groups of 5 rats each. Group 1: (control); Group 2: received IP injection of 120mg/kg mixture of CCL4 and olive oil (1:1), Groups 3, 4 and 5 were orally administered 250, 500 and 1000mg/kg extract + IP injection of 120mg/kg mixture of CCL4 and olive oil for 21 days respectively. On the 22nd day, the animals were sacrifice using chloroform anesthesia and the effects of the aqueous extract were assessed by quantifying liver enzymes such as serum aspartate amino transferase (AST), alanine amino transferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and total serum protein (TP). The haematological parameters were assessed by analysis of parked cell volume (PCV), red blood cell count (RBC), white blood cells (WBC), haemoglobin (Hb) concentrations and platelet count (PLT) and followed by histopathological studies of the liver tissues. The three doses of the plant extract used in this study, showed some level of protective effect on CCL4-induced hepatotoxicity as evident by the significant reduction (P < 0.05) in serum levels of AST, ALT, and ALP along with the improved histopathological liver sections compared to CCL4 -treated animals. However the extract is more effective in the 500mg/kg compared to the 250mg/kg and 1000mg/kg. Also the results obtained for all the haematological parameters used in the study showed no significant difference among all the groups (P > 0.05).

A Nutraceutical Product Based on a Mixture of Algae and Extra Virgin Olive Oils and Olive Leaf Extract Attenuates Sepsis-Induced Cardiovascular and Muscle Alterations in Rats.

Nutraceuticals are products of natural origin widely used for the treatment and/or prevention of some chronic diseases that are highly prevalent in Western countries, such as obesity or type II diabetes, among others. However, its possible use in the prevention of acute diseases that can put life at risk has been poorly studied. Sepsis is an acute condition that causes cardiovascular and skeletal muscle damage due to a systemic inflammatory state. The aim of this work was to evaluate the possible beneficial effect of a new nutraceutical based on a mixture of algae oil (AO) and extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) supplemented with an olive leaf extract (OLE) in the prevention of cardiovascular alterations and skeletal muscle disorders induced by sepsis in rats. For this purpose, male Wistar rats were treated with the nutraceutical or with water p.o. for 3 weeks and after the treatment they were injected with 1mg/kg LPS twice (12 and 4 h before sacrifice). Pretreatment with the nutraceutical prevented the LPS-induced decrease in cardiac contractility before and after the hearts were subjected to ischemia-reperfusion. At the vascular level, supplementation with the nutraceutical did not prevent hypotension in septic animals, but it attenuated endothelial dysfunction and the increased response of aortic rings to the vasoconstrictors norepinephrine and angiotensin-II induced by LPS. The beneficial effects on cardiovascular function were associated with an increased expression of the antioxidant enzymes SOD-1 and GSR in cardiac tissue and SOD-1 and Alox-5 in arterial tissue. In skeletal muscle, nutraceutical pretreatment prevented LPS-induced muscle proteolysis and autophagy and significantly increased protein synthesis as demonstrated by decreased expression of MURF-1, atrogin-1, LC3b and increased MCH-I and MCH -IIa in gastrocnemius muscle. These effects were associated with a decrease in the expression of TNFα, HDAC4 and myogenin. In conclusion, treatment with a new nutraceutical based on a mixture of AO and EVOO supplemented with OLE is useful to prevent cardiovascular and muscular changes induced by sepsis in rats. Thus, supplementation with this nutraceutical may constitute an interesting strategy to reduce the severity and mortality risk in septic patients.

Electric Insulating Irrigations Mitigates Esophageal Injury Caused by Button Battery Ingestion.

ObjectiveAccidental ingestion of button batteries (BB), usually occurred in children and infants, will rapidly erode the esophagus and result in severe complications, even death. It has been recommended that treatment of this emergent accident as soon as possible with drinking of pH-neutralizing viscous solutions such as honey and sucralfate before surgical removal can mitigate the esophageal injury. Recently, we reported that the electric insulating solutions such as edible oils could mitigate tissue damage in BB-exposed esophageal segments. In this study, we compared the protective effect of kitchen oil with honey or sucralfate, the recommended pH-neutralizing beverages, and with their mixture on esophageal injury caused by BB ingestion in pig esophageal segments and in living piglets.MethodsEffect of olive oil irrigations was compared to that of honey or sucralfate irrigations in the BB-damaged esophageal segments freshly collected from the local abattoir and in live Bama miniature piglets with the proximal esophagus exposed to BB for 60 min. Also, the effect of olive oil and honey mixture (MOH) irrigations was assessed in live animals. The BB voltage was recorded before insertion and after its removal. Gross and histological analysis of the esophageal injury was performed after BB exposure in segmented fresh esophagus and 7 days after BB exposure in live animals, respectively.ResultsOlive oil irrigations demonstrated better protective effect against BB-induced esophageal damage, compared to honey or sucralfate for BB-induced esophageal damage in vitro. But in vivo study showed that olive oil alone exacerbated esophageal injury because all esophagi irrigated with olive oil perforated. Surprisingly, irrigations with the MOH showed considerable protective effect for BB-induced esophageal damage in live animals, significantly better than irrigations with honey alone. The MOH decreased BB discharge, reduced area of surface injury, attenuated injured depth of esophageal wall thickness, and downed the mucosal injury index in comparison to using honey alone.ConclusionIrrigations with olive oil alone couldn’t prevent the BB discharge and is harmful for BB ingestion before surgical removal. However, mixed with honey, olive oil very effectively prevents the BB discharging and produces better esophageal protection than honey.

Efficiency Evaluation of the Carotenoids Extraction from Brown Algae S. Miyabei and Their Stability during Storage

The article concerns the results of evaluating the carotenoid extraction efficiency from brown algae S. miyabei and their stability during storage. The anatomical parts of the brown algae S. miyabei – thallom and phylloids – have a high content of carotenoids; hence there is a conclusion about the prospects of their use as a carotenoid source. Among the carotenoids of the brown algae S. miyabei, xanthophylls prevail over carotenes (exceeding – 7.4-10.6 times). The researchers have experimentally proved that the extraction efficiency depends on the type of vegetable oil or oil mixture used individually. So, soybean oil and mixtures based on it are the best carotenoid extractants from brown algae S. miyabei compared to sunflower, olive, corn oils and mixtures based on them. Carotenoids in extracts from algae S. miyabei are mainly xanthophylls, which content exceeds the carotenes one by 4.4-5.7 times in extracts based on individually used vegetable oils and by 3.2–6.1 times in extracts based on their mixtures. A man proved sufficiently high stability of xanthophylls during storage. The storage for 6 months leads to a decrease in their content by 7–14 % when using individual oils as extractants and by 6–20 % when using oil mixtures. During storage, there was a significant decrease in the carotenes content – up to 50–75 % of the original content in the extract. The maximum decrease in carotene content was in extracts based on sunflower, corn oils and a mixture of olive and sunflower oils in a ratio of 1:1.

Ursodeoxycholic Acid and SMOFlipid for Treating Parenteral Nutrition Associated Cholestasis in Infants.

Background: Parenteral nutrition-associated cholestasis (PNAC) is frequently seen in preterm infants receiving total parenteral nutrition (TPN) for a long duration. The pathogenesis of PNAC is believed to be multifactorial; however, phytosterols are hepatotoxic, resulting in cholestasis. A novel lipid emulsion consisting of a mixture of soybean oil, medium-chain triglycerides, olive oil, and fish oil (SMOFlipid) with a low level of phytosterols has been shown to improve cholestasis. Moreover, ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) has improved bile flow and normalized liver function tests. This study aimed to determine the effect of UDCA and SMOFlipid in preventing and treating PNAC in infants.Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study that included all infants who received TPN for at least five days between January 2010 and December 2018, who also received UDCA for the treatment of cholestasis, and infants who developed cholestasis but were not treated with UDCA. In addition, any infants who received SMOFlipid for parenteral nutrition during the same period were included. We recorded multiple variables, including neonatal demographic data, major medical diagnosis, liver function, medications, and maternal variables.Results: A total of 58 infants with cholestasis who received UDCA for treatment were identified. The infants were divided into two groups, Group 1 infants had gestational age (GA) of ≤32 weeks, and Group 2 had GA of >32 weeks. We found that combining SMOFlipid with UDCA resulted in a significant reduction in cholestasis duration in both groups. Infants in Group 1 who received SMOFlipid had cholestasis for a mean of 67 ± 57 days, and those who did not receive SMOFlipid had cholestasis for a mean of 145 ± 102 days (p=0.04). Infants in Group 2 who received SMOFlipid had cholestasis for a mean of 38.2 ± 28 days, and those who did not receive SMOFlipid had cholestasis for a mean of 117 ± 119 days (p=0.02).Conclusions: According to our results, the use of UDCA and SMOFlipid reduced the duration of parenteral nutrition-associated with cholestasis in very low birth weight infants.

Анаплеротичні принципи нутритивної терапії в клініці критичних станів

У статті надані сучасні анаплеротичні концепції нутритивної терапії для модуляції метаболічної відповіді в клініці критичних станів. Метаболічний стрес — універсальна гіперметаболічна гіперкатаболічна відповідь на захворювання, травму з активацією гіпоталамо-гіпофізарно-адреналової системи; виділенням гормонів стресу; катехоламінів; нейропептиду S; фактора, індукованого гіпоксією HIF-1α; експресією генів, що контролюють механізми адаптації до гіпоксії, у тому числі гліколіз і цикл трикарбонових кислот. У статті наведена розроблена нами модель визначення метаболічного стресу і мітохондріальної дисфункції. Анаплеротична терапія базується на концепції використання альтернативних субстратів як для циклу трикарбонових кислот, так і для транспорту електронів у дихальному ланцюзі з метою посилення продукції аденозинтрифосфату. Багато патологічних станів вимагають проведення анаплеротичної терапії або шляхом поповнення пулу анаплеротичних субстратів (піруват, аспартат, аспарагінат та інші джерела, поповнюючи оксалоацетат, глутамін та інші кислоти), або видаленням з тканин продуктів катаплеротичних реакцій — інтермедіатів циклу трикарбонових кислот. Катаплероз врівноважує анаплероз шляхом переміщення надлишку інтермедіаторів циклу трикарбонових кислот з мітохондріального матриксу в цитоплазму, в екстрамітохондріальний простір. Сучасні анаплеротичні концепції для модуляції метаболічної відповіді при критичних станах включають в себе такі позиції: I. Раннє використання розчинів глюкози та інтенсивна інсулінотерапія: мінімальна кількість вуглеводів близько 2 г/кг глюкози/добу; введення інсуліну, якщо два послідовних аналізи показали рівень глюкози > 10 ммоль/л; уникати обов’язкового повноцінного калорійного харчування в перший тиждень, починати з 500 ккал/добу. II. Попередження гіперглікемічного метаболічного стресу — метаболічне прекондиціювання: вживання прозорих рідин припиняється за 2 години до індукції в анестезію, споживання щільної їжі — за 6 годин. Передопераційне призначення вуглеводів застосовується у всіх пацієнтів без цукрового діабету за 2 години до індукції; при наявності протипоказань — в/в інфузія глюкози за 2 години до операції. III. Використання енергосубстратів, що не потребують інсулінової стимуляції для їх входження до клітини: виявлено, що особи, які одержували < 60 г фруктози на добу, мали кращі показники здоров’я, ніж ті, які споживали > 100 г/добу. IV. Амінокислотні суміші: якщо парентеральне харчування показано, доцільно призначати збалансовані амінокислотні суміші, з розрахунку 1,3–1,5 г/кг/добу білка; 0,2–0,4 г/кг/добу L-глутаміну. При тяжких опіках режим введення білка в амінокислотних сумішах зростає до 1,5–2 г/кг/добу. V. Поповнення пулу анаплеротичних жирних кислот: жирові емульсії (LCT, MCT) повинні призначатися в кількості 0,7–1,5 г/кг/добу; ентерально призначається суміш соєвої і оливкової олій, риб’ячий жир, що містять омега-3, -6, -9 жирні кислоти; дієтична анаплеротична терапія з тригептаноїном підвищує виживаність пацієнтів у критичних станах. VI. Використання інтермедіатів циклу Кребса: превентивне або терапевтичне використання сукцинатвмісних препаратів може бути ефективним для активації ургентних адаптивних механізмів. Тіамін є найважливішим вітаміном для підтримки аеробного метаболізму й активності ключових ферментів циклу Кребса, а також чолночного механізму пентозофосфатного циклу.

Effects of Homemade Nano-Hydroxyapatite and Olive Oil Paste on Remineralization of Early Caries Lesions

Nano-hydroxyapatite (nHAP) particles are a new generation of materials reported to remineralize enamel lesions. The purpose we aimed was to compare the in vitro effects of fluoride gel, sodium fluoride toothpaste, and homemade nHAP paste on remineralizing artificial early enamel caries. Methods: Incipient caries were induced in 21 extracted, sound premolar teeth by storing each specimen in a demineralization solution for 72 hours, followed by pH cycling. The samples (n= 7, each) were then treated with 2% neutral fluoride gel, 0.25% sodium fluoride toothpaste, or homemade nHAP paste, comprising a mixture of nHAP powder and olive oil. After demineralization and remineralization, the results were compared using the DIAGNOdent pen (KaVo, Germany). The data were statistically analyzed using paired t-tests and a one-way ANOVA test. Outcomes: The degree of demineralization in each of the three groups (fluoride gel group, 15.71; sodium fluoride dentifrice group, 15.28; nHAP paste group, 16.71) was significantly elevated compared to baseline (3, 2.5, 2.28, respectively); however, no significant difference was observed between the remineralization readings in each of the three groups (6, 7, 5.5, respectively) (p > 0.05). In conclusion, we concluded that the homemade nHAP paste had a beneficial effect on the remineralization of initial enamel caries lesions.

A Method to Generate Experimental Aerosol with Similar Particle Size Distribution to Atmospheric Aerosol

The SARS-CoV virus spreads in the atmosphere mainly in the form of aerosols. Particle air filters are widely used in indoor heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems and filtration equipment to reduce aerosol concentration and improve indoor air quality. Requirements arise to rate filters according to their mass-based filtration efficiency. The size distribution of test aerosol greatly affects the measurement results of mass-based filtration efficiency and dust loading of filters, as well as the calibration of optical instruments for fine-particle (PM2.5) mass concentration measurement. The main objective of this study was to find a new method to generate a chemically nontoxic aerosol with a similar particle size distribution to atmospheric aerosol. We measured the size distribution of aerosols generated by DEHS (di-ethyl-hexyl-sebacate), PSL (poly-styrene latex), olive oil, and 20% sucrose solution with a collision nebulizer in a wide range of 15 nm–20 μm. Individually, none of the solutions generated particles that share a similar size distribution to atmospheric aerosol. We found that the 20% sucrose solution + olive oil mixture solution (Vss:Voo = 1:2) could be used to generate a chemically nontoxic aerosol with similar particle number/volume size distribution to the atmospheric aerosol (t-test, p < 0.05). The differences in the mass-base filtration efficiency measured by the generated aerosol and the atmospheric aerosol were smaller than 2% for MERV 7, 10, 13, and 16 rated filters. The aerosol generated by the new method also performed well in the calibration of optical-principle-based PM2.5 concentration measurement instruments. The average relative difference measured by a tapered element oscillating microbalance (TEOM) and a Dusttrak Model 8530 (calibrated by aerosol generated by the new method) was smaller than 5.8% in the real-situation measurement.

Biochemical Parameters in Extremely Preterm Infants Receiving Mixed Lipid Emulsions.

A mixture of soybean, medium-chain triglycerides, olive, and fish oils (SMOF) contains higher α-tocopherol and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and lower phytosterol content compared with conventional soybean oil lipid emulsions (SOLE). We sought to characterize plasma total fatty acid profiles (FAPs) and assess the tolerability of long-term SMOF therapy in extremely preterm infants. We retrospectively evaluated infants born <28 weeks gestational age who received at least 30 consecutive days of SMOF between July 2016 and June 2019. We evaluated monthly FAPs and biochemical tolerance to SMOF using direct bilirubin (DB) and triglyceride (TG) levels. Growth parameters were evaluated longitudinally until discharge. Sixteen patients with median gestational age 24 weeks (IQR, 23-25 weeks) received SMOF for median 76 days (IQR, 52-130 days). Fourteen patients had necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) requiring surgical intervention and 15 patients received SOLE for median 19 days (IQR, 14-26 days) prior to switching to SMOF. Median docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) levels were elevated, whereas the remaining fatty acid levels fell within reported reference ranges. There were no incidents of essential fatty acid deficiency (triene to tetraene ratio >0.2) or hypertriglyceridemia (TG >200 mg/dL) with a general downtrend in DB after the first month on SMOF. All growth Z-scores declined throughout hospital stay. Infants who received SMOF had a more pronounced elevation in DHA than EPA, of which the clinical significance remains unknown. Growth Z-scores declined with SMOF but were confounded by a high prevalence of surgically treated NEC.

HF01-04 THE WAX-TIPPED CATHETER: DIAGNOSING URETERAL AND RENAL CALCULI PRIOR TO RADIOGRAPHY

You have accessJournal of UrologyHistory of Urology Forum I (HF01)1 Sep 2021HF01-04 THE WAX-TIPPED CATHETER: DIAGNOSING URETERAL AND RENAL CALCULI PRIOR TO RADIOGRAPHY Sutchin R Patel, and Stephen Y Nakada Sutchin R PatelSutchin R Patel More articles by this author , and Stephen Y NakadaStephen Y Nakada More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1097/JU.0000000000001992.04AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail Abstract INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: Imagine a time without computed tomography, ultrasonography and x-ray. How would you diagnose an obstructing ureteral or renal stone? METHODS: We researched Howard Kelly and his seminal paper on the development of the wax-tipped catheter and searched the literature to evaluate the adoption of Kelly's technique by urologists in that era. RESULTS: In 1901, Howard Atwood Kelly (1858-1943) published "Scratch-Marks on the Wax-Tipped Catheter as a Means of Determining the Presence of Stone in the Kidney and in the Ureter." Kelly stated "There is no other means of ascertaining the presence of calculus in the urinary tract as direct as my method of passing a wax-tipped catheter up the ureter into the kidney." He described the preparation of the wax-tip (a mixture of dental wax and olive oil) and the technique of ureteral catheterization. A diagnosis was made if scratch-marks were found on the wax-tip. Kelly also stated that the stone sometimes created a "grating sensation as the catheter is withdrawn," that fragments of stone may become embedded in the wax tip and that as "the catheter passes a ureteral stone, or enters the renal pelvis there is often an immediate discharge of urine far in excess of possible secretion" (hydronephrotic drip). He further chronicles eleven cases where a dignosis was made using the wax-tipped catheter and then verified with open surgery.Ben Kirkendall (1882-1968) in 1915, further adapted Kelly's technique by using a loose fitting rubber tube which protected the wax-tipped catheter during its passage prior to ureteral cannulation.Hugh Hampton Young (1870-1945) in his text Practice of Urology (1926) wrote that "the diagnosis of renal calculus has been made a matter of great exactness by the introduction of the x-ray and the wax-tipped ureteral catheter." He further discussed three different methods of passing the wax-tipped catheter in detail.Abraham Ravich (1899-1984) in 1933 published his series of 758 ureteral calculi and stated that "the wax-tipped catheter was as important a diagnostic measure as x-ray and in uric acid stones was often the only means whereby a diagnosis could be made. The meticulous skill required to perform the wax-tipped catheter technique in order to prevent false positive results and the improvements in radiography eventually made the technique obsolete. CONCLUSIONS: Howard Kelly's wax-tipped catheter technique was the first reliable test to help diagnose ureteral and renal calculi prior to radiography. It would continue to have utility in diagnosing radiolucent stones until improvements in the quality of intravenous and retrograde pyelography. Source of Funding: None © 2021 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 206Issue Supplement 3September 2021Page: e228-e228 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2021 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Sutchin R Patel More articles by this author Stephen Y Nakada More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement Loading ...

Stepwise strategy based on 1H-NMR fingerprinting in combination with chemometrics to determine the content of vegetable oils in olive oil mixtures

1H NMR fingerprinting of edible oils and a set of multivariate classification and regression models organised in a decision tree is proposed as a stepwise strategy to assure the authenticity and traceability of olive oils and their declared blends with other vegetable oils (VOs). Oils of the ‘virgin olive oil’ and ‘olive oil’ categories and their mixtures with the most common VOs, i.e. sunflower, high oleic sunflower, hazelnut, avocado, soybean, corn, refined palm olein and desterolized high oleic sunflower oils, were studied. Partial least squares (PLS) discriminant analysis provided stable and robust binary classification models to identify the olive oil type and the VO in the blend. PLS regression afforded models with excellent precisions and acceptable accuracies to determine the percentage of VO in the mixture. The satisfactory performance of this approach, tested with blind samples, confirm its potential to support regulations and control bodies.

The effect of lard concentration and ozonation on changes in polarization angle of olive oil

This research aims to analyze the effect of ozone exposure time and lard mixture on the polarization angle of transmission of olive oil. The study uses a transmission polarization method with a laser (λ = 532 nm) as a light source. The research sample in the form of olive oil mixed with lard at a concentration of 10, 20, 40, and 80%, with an ozone exposure time of 0-30 minutes. The sample is subjected to external electric fields with variations from 0-4.5 x 102 kV/m to increase the change’s polarization angle. The results showed that the change in polarization angle would change linearly with the increase in lard concentration with olive oil. Olive oil with a low concentration of lard (10%) experienced an increase in the change in polarization angle with a value of 0.31 ° due to the effect of 90 minutes of ozone exposure. In general, the results of the study showed that increased concentrations of lard, ozone exposure time, electric field strengths caused an increase in changes in the polarization angle in a mixture of olive oil and lard.

The Effects of Food on Cannabidiol Bioaccessibility.

Cannabidiol (CBD) is a hydrophobic non-psychoactive compound with therapeutic characteristics. Animal and human studies have shown its poor oral bioavailability in vivo, and the impact of consuming lipid-soluble CBD with and without food on gut bioaccessibility has not been explored. The purpose of this research was to study the bioaccessibility of CBD after a three-phase upper digestion experiment with and without food, and to test lipase activity with different substrate concentrations. Our results showed that lipase enzyme activity and fatty acid absorption increased in the presence of bile salts, which may also contribute to an increase in CBD bioaccessibility. The food matrix used was a mixture of olive oil and baby food. Overall, the fed-state digestion revealed significantly higher micellarization efficiency for CBD (14.15 ± 0.6% for 10 mg and 22.67 ± 2.1% for 100 mg CBD ingested) than the fasted state digestion of CBD (0.65 ± 0.7% for 10 mg and 0.14 ± 0.1% for 100 mg CBD ingested). The increase in bioaccessibility of CBD with food could be explained by the fact that micelle formation from hydrolyzed lipids aid in bioaccessibility of hydrophobic molecules. In conclusion, the bioaccessibility of CBD depends on the food matrix and the presence of lipase and bile salts.

Sensitivity of Proton NMR Relaxation and Proton NMR Diffusion Measurements to Olive Oil Adulterations with Vegetable Oils.

Olive oils and, in particular, extra-virgin olive oils (EVOOs) are one of the most frauded food. Among the different adulterations of EVOOs, the mixture of high-quality olive oils with vegetable oils is one of the most common in the market. The need for fast and cheap techniques able to detect extra-virgin olive oil adulterations was the main motivation for the present research work based on 1H NMR relaxation and diffusion measurements. In particular, the 1H NMR relaxation times, T1 and T2, measured at 2 and 100 MHz on about 60 EVOO samples produced in Italy are compared with those measured on four different vegetable oils, produced from macadamia nuts, linseeds, sunflower seeds, and soybeans. Self-diffusion coefficients on this set of olive oils and vegetable oil samples were measured by means of the 1H NMR diffusion ordered spectroscopy (DOSY) technique, showing that, except for the macadamia oil, other vegetable oils are characterized by an average diffusion coefficient sensibly different from extra-virgin olive oils. Preliminary tests based on both NMR relaxation and diffusometry methods indicate that eventual adulterations of EVOO with linseed oil and macadamia oil are the easiest and the most difficult frauds to be detected, respectively.

Classification of Greek Olive Oils from Different Regions by Machine Learning-Aided Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy and Absorption Spectroscopy.

In the present work, the emission and the absorption spectra of numerous Greek olive oil samples and mixtures of them, obtained by two spectroscopic techniques, namely Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) and Absorption Spectroscopy, and aided by machine learning algorithms, were employed for the discrimination/classification of olive oils regarding their geographical origin. Both emission and absorption spectra were initially preprocessed by means of Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and were subsequently used for the construction of predictive models, employing Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) and Support Vector Machines (SVM). All data analysis methodologies were validated by both “k-fold” cross-validation and external validation methods. In all cases, very high classification accuracies were found, up to 100%. The present results demonstrate the advantages of machine learning implementation for improving the capabilities of these spectroscopic techniques as tools for efficient olive oil quality monitoring and control.

Optical characterization of olive and sun flower oils via mueller matrix polarimetry in combination with principal component analysis

Applicability of the Mueller Matrix (MM) polarimetry for the optical characterization of the olive and sunflower oils were tested. For this aim, linear dichroism and optical rotation of circular birefringence of the oil samples divided into three comparable groups as pure olive oil (heated and non-heated), pure sunflower oil (heated and non-heated) and mixture of olive oil and sun flower were measured. Principal Component Analysis was also utilized in interpreting the results, through dimensional reduction. Results reveal the potential of using MM polarimetry as a low cost and simple method in authentication of olive oil, as opposed to its higher cost and complex alternatives such as Raman Spectrometry, Chromatography and NMR.

Evaluation of the Effect of Nigella sativa Oil’s Unsaponifiable Fraction on Oxidative Stress Markers in Carbon Tetrachloride-liver Damage Model

Background/Aim: Liver disease constitutes a public health problem at the global level. This study was conducted to evaluate the hepatoprotective effect of the total oil’s unsaponifiable fraction (UF) of a medicinal plant called Nigella sativa. Methods: The extraction of unsaponifiables from the total seed oil of the medicinal plant Nigella sativa was carried out according to the standardized methods of the European Pharmacopoeia (Edition 5.0). Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) is hepatotoxic with mandatory and predictable action of the indirect type. Acute poisoning of Male albino rats with 1:1 (v/v) mixture of CCl4 and olive oil (3 ml/Kg b.w. of rat by subcutaneous injection) induces considerable liver pain. Results: Nigella sativa UF is found to be rich in tocopherols; its administration as a curative or preventive treatment to poisoned animals results in a very significant reduction in transaminases (ALT, AST) and ALP. Histological study shows that livers are in better condition than those of intoxicated rats. The statute of enzymes and antioxidant molecules (SOD, CATA, GSH, MDA) has significantly improved. Conclusion: Measurable biological evidence has been given to the use of such extract as effective substances against hepatic diseases.