Oleifera Plant Research Articles

Green-synthesized silver nanoparticles induced apoptotic cell death in CACO2 cancer cells by activating MLH1 gene expression

MLH1 (Mult homolog1) gene is the main element of Multlα heterodimer and plays a role in the repair of base-base mismatches and deletion and addition loops. When the MLH1 protein is not present, the number of errors that remain unrepaired increases, and this can lead to the formation of tumors in the body. Colorectal cancer is the third most common type of cancer in terms of incidence and the third type of cancer in terms of mortality worldwide. In this regard, the present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of biological silver nanoparticles with anticancer properties and MLH1 gene expression on cancer cell samples of people with colorectal cancer. In this study, the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles was carried out by precipitation method with reduction of silver ions by leaf and flower extract of Moringa oleifera plant. Then, silver nanoparticles were confirmed using UV-visible spectroscopy, transmission and scanning electron microscopy. The cytotoxic effects of nanoparticles on cells were evaluated by MTT colorimetric method within 42 h. After RNA extraction of treated cells, cDNA synthesis and primers were designed by the Exon-Exon Junction method and the Real-time Polymerase test for MLH1 and Beta-actin genes was repeated three times. The final analysis of the results was done using Graphpad Prism and Rest 2009 software. The presence of a peak at the wavelength of 234 nm for the synthesized silver nanoparticles was confirmed by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopic analysis. The morphological study on the size and shape of the silver nanoparticles showed that the nanoparticles are spherical and have a size between 40 and 34 nanometers in diameter. The leaf extract typically produces smaller, more uniform particles than the flower extract. The Green-Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles of leaf extract were used to evaluation of induced Apoptotic Cell Death in CACO2 Cancer Cells by Activating MLH1 Gene Expression. MTT results showed that the anti-proliferative effect of nanoparticles depends on the concentration of synthesized silver nanoparticles. The treatment of MLH1 cancer cell line and normal with synthesized nanoparticles at a concentration of 0.44 micrograms per ml for 42 h showed the effects of cell toxicity. The percentage of cancer cell death under the influence of quercetin present in Moringa green bio-particles depends on the concentration and time, and this difference is statistically significant compared to the control group (P < 0.05). So that the lethal dose of the extract for 50% survival IC50 in a period of 48 h for intestinal cancer cells was equal to 21 μg/ml, and the expression ratio of the MLH1 gene in the tumor tissue to the adjacent healthy tissue has increased (P ≤ 0.05).

Study of the Potential of the Active Compounds of Moringa oleifera Leaves in Increasing the Intake of Fe+3 in Pregnant women through Docking and Molecular Dynamics Methods on the Enzyme “Human Duodenal Cytochrome B” (Dcytb)

Iron supplements in pregnant women are often combined with ascorbic acid. The electron donor ascorbic acid plays an essential role in reducing Fe+3 ions to Fe+2 so that they are easily absorbed through the DMT1 channel of human duodenal enterocyte cells. The electron transfer mechanism of ascorbic acid also allows other compounds rich in hydroxyl groups to play a role, such as compounds belonging to the phenolic-flavonoid group. The Moringa oleifera plant, apart from being known to be rich in nutrients such as ascorbic acid and high concentrations of Fe+3, also contains various secondary metabolites such as compounds belonging to the phenol-flavonoid group, alkaloids, steroids, glucosinolates, and fatty acids. This study attempted to screen 50 bioactive compounds contained in the leaves of the Moringa oleifera plant as reducing agents for Fe+3 to Fe+2 ions through the enzyme of “Human Duodenal Cytochrome B” (Dcytb). The crystal structure (3D) of the Dcytb enzyme was obtained from a web server https://www.rcsb.org/ (Pdb. id 5ZLG). Meanwhile, the 3D structures of 50 compounds from Moringa oleifera were downloaded in “SMILES” format from PubChem and converted to 3D format using the “MOE Builder tool”. The research method used molecular and dynamic molecular docking techniques through “MOE 10. 2008” software. The results of molecular docking of the Dcytb enzyme obtained 19 ligand compounds with stronger ∆Gbinding values than the ascorbic acid as control ligands. The strongest affinities were shown by Quercetin-3-O-glucoside with a ∆Gbinding value of -23.10 kcal/mol, Kaempferol-3-O-glucoside with a ∆Gbinding value of -18.99 kcal/mol, Rutin with a ∆Gbinding value -18.07 kcal/mol, Vicenin-2 with a ∆Gbinding value of -17.31 kcal/mol, etc. In comparison, Ascorbic acid control has an affinity with a ∆Gbinding value of -13.29 kcal/mol. All of the tested phenolic-flavonoid compounds except genistein have a hydroxyl group with a strong affinity for the Dcytb enzyme, interacting in the "pocket" region of the enzyme to form hydrogen bonds with Lys 79, Lys 83, and Arg 152. The results of the molecular dynamics simulation of glucoconringin, kaempferol-3-O-glucoside have a strong interaction and is better stable than ascorbic acid at its binding site, while epicatechin has a stability pattern similar to that of ascorbic acid observed in 2000 pc of molecular dynamics simulations. These characteristics allow Moringa oleifera to be rich in compounds that have the potential to activate the Dcytb enzyme.

Exploring the therapeutic effects of Moringa Oleifera on inflammation and chronic diseases

Background: The inflammatory process is an immune system response to injuries, infections, or harmful stimuli. Chronic Diseases are diseases that are mostly immune-mediated by inflammatory mediators, and according to the World Health Organization, these diseases represent 74% of the causes of death in the world. Moringa oleifera (M. oleifera), is a versatile plant rich in bioactive compounds, has garnered attention for its potential therapeutic properties. Objective: this study aims to investigate the anti-inflammatory properties of M. oleifera and its potential influence on chronic diseases as well. Methods: This review was performed based systematic analysis of literature. Results: Anti-inflammatory activity was observed through the reduction in levels of IL-1, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-alpha, prostaglandin E2, and COX-2. Additionally, anti-hyperglycemic effects, normalization of lipid profiles, regeneration of hepatocytes and pancreatic beta cells, and a reduction in the concentration of reactive oxygen species were also described. Conclusion: These findings support the use of the M. oleifera plant as an effective treatment for diseases/disorders associated with inflammation.

Extraction, Characterization and Evaluation of Health Applications of Moringa oleifera Seed Oil

In this study, the seeds of Moringa oleifera (MO) plant grown in the Adamawa Region of Cameroon were valorized by extracting their oil using mechanical expression. The oil was allowed to clarify through by gravity and an oil yield of 26.07% was obtained. The extracted MO oil was subjected to physicochemical characterization giving the following results; the density of the oil was 0.896 g/mL, a refractive index of 1.468, a viscosity of 49.80± 0.30 mPa.s, an acid value of 2.69%, a peroxide value of 3.7 meq of O2/kg of oil, a saponification value of 189.34 mg of KOH/g of oil and an iodine index of 67.79g/100g of oil. The determination of relevant secondary metabolites by titration revealed a flavonoid content of 0.66 mg GAE/g, total phenol content of 9.7 mg QE/g, carotenoid content of 0.25 mg beta-caro/g and antioxidant activity gave an IC50 concentration of 17.5 mg/mL. Determination of the fatty acid profile revealed that oleic acid (78.45%) makes up the predominant component in the MO seed oil. The chemical composition of the MO seed oil was further verified by IR spectroscopy whose spectral interpretation revealed a predominance of fatty acid moieties in the oil. From these results, it appears that Moringa oleifera seed oil has moisturizing, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and nourishing properties and therefore the oil is a potent raw material or bioactive substance in the formulation of cosmetic products like creams for body lotion to combat skin infections and the MO seed can find pharmaceutical applications amongst others.

A Comparative Phytochemical Characterization of Moringa oleifera Plant Parts by Different Solvent Extraction

A Comparative Phytochemical Characterization of Moringa oleifera Plant Parts by Different Solvent Extraction

Moringa oleifera (Moringaceae) an in-depth review of its nutritional classification and therapeutic application

The nutritional and various medical benefits of Moringa oleifera have been recognized for ages in a variety of habitats and introduced areas. A common tree in many tropical and subtropical nations is the M. oleifera. It belongs to the family Moringaceae. Various plant parts, including the leaves, roots, seeds, fruit, bark, flowers, and immature pods, it is used as analgesic, antioxidant, antibacterial, anticancer, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, antiulcer, antispasmodic, diuretic, and antihypertensive properties both humans and animals can benefit from eating Moringa leaves. M. oleifera is a plant whose many components are used to make traditional human meals. Protein, vitamins A, B, and C, as well as minerals, are all abundant in Moringa leaves. Up to 25% of M. oleifera leaf is made up of crude protein. Various M. oleifera plant components, including leaves, fruits, immature pods, and flowers, are grown in many tropical and subtropical nations.

Review on Moringa oleifera Plant

The most extensively grown species of the monogeneric, Moringaceae family, which is native to south Asia, is Moringa oleifera, sometimes known as "The Miracle Tree." The medium-sized agroforestry tree Moringa oleifera (Moringaceae) is native to south Asia but has now naturalized in many other nations. Moringa is also thought to be a treatment for malnutrition. It has several pharmacological characteristics, including antioxidant, hepatoprotective, cardioprotective, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, and anti-cancer effects. It was discovered that every portion of the plant contains bioactive components. To far, over a hundred chemicals, comprising alkaloids, flavonoids, anthraquinones, vitamins, glycosides, and terpenes, have been identified from various sections of Moringa oleifera. These leaves have been used for many years in traditional medicine to treat a wide range of illnesses. These leaves have the potential to avert the plague of starvation and associated illnesses due to their potent nutritional content. In this article, we will keep an eye on Moringa Oleifera Plant overview. Keywords: Moringa Oleifera plant, Miracle Tree, Herb, Drumstick, Herbal Medicine

Nutritional Content Of Moringa Leaf (Moringa Oleifera) Fragrant Tea

Moringa leaf fragrant tea is tea that is prepared from the leaves of Moringa oleifera plant using the same manufacturing method as the process for making green tea and then added with jasmine flowers for 18 hours to give the tea a jasmine aroma. Moringa fragrant leaf tea has high antioxidant content, namely 71.58%. This research was conducted to look at the nutritional content of fragrant Moringa leaves. From the observations it was found that the fragrant Moringa leaves tea contained 26.48% protein, 1815 mg/100g calcium, 39.45% iron, 101.11 mg/100g carotene, 101.17mg/100g ascorbic acid and were positive contains alkaloids

Analysis the effect of Moringa oleifera plant extract on the toxicity of cadmium chloride in the hematology of the carp fish, Cyprinus carpio

Analysis the effect of Moringa oleifera plant extract on the toxicity of cadmium chloride in the hematology of the carp fish, Cyprinus carpio

Biosynthesis of Zinc Nanoparticles of Capparis Spinosa Plant Extract and the it’s Investigation on Morhpophysiological Properties of the Moringa Olifera Plant

Background: The article aim was biosynthesis of zinc nanoparticles by the fruit and stem of Capparis Spinosa plant extract and the investigation of growth factors and some physiological properties of the M. Oleifera plant. Methods: Four levels of zinc nanoparticles (0, 125, 250, and 500) ppm were considered as treatments. Water extract of the Capparis Spinosa plant were obtained using 10 grams of stem and fruit were separately dried. Some properties like below information were measured: Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopic analysis, Infrared spectroscopy, Measurement of chlorophyll a and b and carotenoids, total phenol, antioxidant activity, total protein and antioxidant enzymes. The data of this research were factorially conducted in the form of completely randomized blocks with three replications. Results: The effect of zinc nanoparticles on growth parameters shows that the length and weight of the shoot and root are significant at the five percent probability level. Also, the length and dry weight of shoots and roots are significant at the five percent probability level. The effect of zinc nanoparticles on the concentration of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carbohydrates is significant at the five percent probability level. The main effect of zinc nanoparticles on the amount of total phenol, flavonoid, and DPPH of the M. Oleifera medicinal plant was significant. The effect of stem and fruit extract of zinc nanoparticles on the amount of ascorbate peroxidase, catalase, and guaiacol oxidase enzymes. Conclusion: The results showed that nano made from fruit and stem significantly increases root length, protein content and total phenol content, and activity of catalase and ascorbate peroxidase enzymes.

The Influence of Feeding a Moringa Oleifera Leaf Aqueous Extract on the Biochemical Attributes of the Lohmann Brown Rooster Breed

This experiment was conducted at the Department of Animal Production in the Faculty of Agriculture at Al-Qasim Green University from December 8, 2022, to February 15, 2023. It lasted for 10 weeks and aimed to see what effect, if any, different concentrations of an aqueous extract of the leaves of the Moringa Oleifera plant had on the reproductive and physiological qualities and the hatching and fertilisation rates of rooster breeders of the laying hen. An aqueous extract of Moringa oleifera leaves can be added to 20 ml of drinking water to improve its nutritional value, while 40 ml of extract can be used to improve the nutritional value of 1 litre of water. A 60 ml dose of Moringa Oleifera leaf aqueous extract per litre of drinking water is recommended for the fourth treatment, while an 80 ml dose is recommended for the fifth. There were no statistically significant differences between the treatments for the follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and the findings revealed an increase at the level (P0.05) in the LH hormone in the fifth treatment compared to the control treatment (T1) and the other addition treatments. A comparison of the testosterone levels between Treatment 1 (control) and the other supplementary Treatments indicated that Treatment 4 produced significantly higher levels of testosterone (P0.01). Malondialdehyde (MDA) enzyme levels were found to be significantly lower in the fourth treatment compared to the control treatmenT1 and the rest of the supplementary treatments, with the third and fifth treatments also showing significant superiority over the control treatmenT1 and the second treatment (P0.05 for both comparisons).

Review on Moringa oleifera, a green adsorbent for contaminants removal: characterization, prediction, modelling and optimization using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and Artificial Neural Network (ANN)

Moringa oleifera utilization in water treatment to eliminate emerging pollutants such as heavy metal ions, pesticides, pharmaceuticals, and pigments has been extensively evaluated. The efficacy of Moringa oleifera biosorbent has been investigated in diverse research work using various techniques, including its adsorption capacity kinetic, thermodynamic evaluation, adsorbent modifications, and mechanism behind the adsorption process. The Langmuir isotherm provided the most remarkable experimental data fit for batch adsorption investigations, whereas the best fit was obtained with the pseudo-second order kinetic model. Furthermore, only a few papers that combined batch adsorption with fixed-bed column investigations were examined. In the latter articles, the scientists modified the adsorbent to increase the material’s adsorption capacity as determined by analytical methods, including IR spectroscopy, scanning electronic microscope (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). However, the raw material can show appreciable adsorption capacity values, proving moringa’s potency as a biosorbent. Hydrogen bonds, electrostatic interaction, and van der Waals forces were the main processes in the found and reported adsorbent-adsorbate interactions. These mechanisms could change depending on the physiochemical nature of adsorption. Although frequently employed for heavy metal ions and dye adsorption, Moringa oleifera can still be explored in pesticide and medication adsorption investigations due to the few publications in this comprehensive review. This study, therefore, examined different Adsorbents from the Moringa oleifera plant, as well as parameters and models for enhancing the adsorption process.

324 Characterization and in Vitro Methane Inhibition of Aloe Vera and Moringa Oleifera Plant Extracts Encapsulated with Alginate Or Alginate-Chitosan Wall Materials Wall Materials

Abstract Although Aloe vera and Moringa oleifera plant extracts are known for their methane inhibition their potential has not been fully exploited in the feeding system of animals due to inconsistent results and loss of efficacy over time. Encapsulation of the plant extract and its bioactive compounds in particular with an inert material will assist to prolong the shelf life of the plant extract. Alginate is a good encapsulant (or a wall material) for encapsulation of plant extracts due to its biocompatibility and low density, among other factors. This study first evaluated A. vera and M. oleifera plant extracts encapsulated with alginate or aligante and chitosan in terms of microscopic morphological characteristics and particle density, and thereafter quantified the potential of encapsulated A. vera and M. oleifera plant extracts as dietary additive to inhibit in vitro methane production from Eragrostis curvula hay. An electron microscope scanning of the freeze-dried alginate or alginate encapsulated plant extracts of A. vera and M. oleifera revealed morphologically spongy and skin-like appearance while for chitosan a scatter particle distribution of different sizes with irregular shape were revealed (Fig. 1). A change in particle density was recorded for the encapsulated plant extracts products compared with the non-encapsulated product due to the inclusion of alginate or alginate-chitosan wall material. The particle density for the encapsulated products was ranging between 4.94 g/10mL (recorded in alginate) to 8.71 g/10mL (recorded in chitosan). During the in vitro gas production study, inclusion of both the encapsulated and non-encapsulated plant extract of A. vera or M. oleifera additives significantly (P &amp;lt; 0.05) reduced methane emission compared with the control group. No adverse effect was observed due to the inclusion of the wall materials in terms of in vitro organic matter digestibility and total gas production (Fig. 2). However, the encapsulated A. vera plant extracts had resulted in a greater methane inhibition of 30.72% (for alginate-extract encapsulated) and 23.09% (for alginate-extract-chitosan encapsulated) against 17.55% reduction recorded for the raw plant extracts. Similarly, the encapsulated M. oleifera plant extracts inhibited methane by 30.02% (alginate-extract encapsulated) and 30.48% (alginate-extract-chitosan encapsulated) against 19.4% recorded for in M. oleifera raw plant extracts. It is revealed that alginate and/or chitosan also had methane reducing effect when tested as additives without the two plant extracts (Table 1,2). However, the differences in particle densities of the micro-particles from the encapsulated and non-encapsulated plant extract additives did not affect their methane inhibition (Fig. 3). Thus, the wall materials (alginate or alginate-chitosan) generally improved the in vitro methane inhibition of encapsulated plant extracts mainly by promoting the inhibition of methane without adverse effect on organic matter digestibility of substrates.

Application of Spirulina platensis for developing stress tolerant and biochemical activity of micropropagated Moringa oleifera plant

Application of Spirulina platensis for developing stress tolerant and biochemical activity of micropropagated Moringa oleifera plant

Phytofabrication of Selenium Nanoparticles with Moringa oleifera (MO-SeNPs) and Exploring Its Antioxidant and Antidiabetic Potential.

The advancement in nanotechnology is the trigger for exploring the synthesis of selenium nanoparticles and their use in biomedicine. Therefore, this study aims to synthesize selenium nanoparticles using M. oleifera as a reducing agent and evaluate their antioxidant and antidiabetic potential. Our result demonstrated a change in the color of the mixture from yellow to red, and UV-Vis spectrometry of the suspension solution confirmed the formation of MO-SeNPs with a single absorbance peak in the range of 240-560 nm wavelength. FTIR analysis revealed several bioactive compounds, such as phenols and amines, that could possibly be responsible for the reduction and stabilization of the MO-SeNPs. FESEM + EDX analysis revealed that the amorphous MO-SeNPs are of high purity, have a spherical shape, and have a size of 20-250 nm in diameter, as determined by HRTEM. MO-SeNPs also exhibit the highest DPPH scavenging activity of 84% at 1000 μg/mL with an IC50 of 454.1 μg/mL and noteworthy reducing ability by reducing power assay. Furthermore, MO-SeNPs showed promising antidiabetic properties with dose-dependent inhibition of α-amylase (26.7% to 44.53%) and α-glucosidase enzyme (4.73% to 19.26%). Hence, these results demonstrated that M. oleifera plant extract possesses the potential to reduce selenium ions to SeNPs under optimized conditions with notable antioxidant and antidiabetic activities.

Determination of Enzyme Activity and Vitamin Content of Moringa Oleifera Lam. in Response to Glutathione and Biofertilizer under Water Stress

The study was carried out in the canopy belongs to the Horticulture and Landscape Department - College of Agriculture - University of Kerbala in pots with a capacity of 28 kg during the spring growing season 2021 to know the effect of spraying with glutathione, biofertilizer (Algacell) under different water stress levels on the effectiveness of some enzymes and the content of some vitamins of Moringa Oleifera plant. The study was designed as a factorial experiment according to the randomized complete block design (R.C.B.D), as the study included three factors: glutathione with three concentrations (0, 100, 200) mg.L−1 and biofertilizer (Algacell) at two levels (0 and 10) ml. L−1 and water stress with three levels of field capacity (60%, 50%, 40%), and the averages were compared using Dunkin’s multinomial test at a probability level of 0.05. Most of the vegetative growth characteristics were the spraying treatment at a concentration of 200 ml. L−1 achieved the highest rates in terms of (the activity of the enzyme catalase, the activity of the dismutase enzyme, the activity of the peroxidase enzyme, the concentration of ascorbic acid), which reached (2.75%, 28.622%, 6.005 mg.gm−1, 7.561%, 0.377 units.gm−1, 11.777 gm−1, 0.990 gm−1, 275.444 mg.gm−1), respectively, followed by the spray treatment with a concentration of 100 ml. L−1, while the comparison treatment recorded fewer concentrations, while the bio-fertilizer (Algacell) did not achieve a significant difference in all the studied traits, while the water stress treatment excelled at the level of 40% of the field capacity in the traits (the activity of the catalase enzyme, the activity of the dismutase enzyme, the activity of the peroxidase enzyme, the concentration of ascorbic acid, the concentration of α-Tocopherol) which gave respectively (0.446 gm−1, 13.222 gm−1, 1.133 gm−1, 294.167 mg.gm−1, 257.83 μg.gm−1), and the effect of the double and triple interaction between the treatments was similar to their single effects in improving most of the studied traits.

Acute toxicity, phytochemicals, and nutrient composition of Moringa oleifera leaves, a plant used as a food supplement in the tropical region of Nigeria

Introduction: The moringa oleifera (MO) plant is popularly known as the “miracle tree”. The uses of MO leaf extract in controlling high blood pressure and as a food supplement with high nutritional value have been documented scientifically. Some studies have also shown that dosages appear to be safe from tested toxicity but a relative increase such as 3-4 times the recommended doses is known to cause genotoxic damage. However, there is a paucity of human evidence of the potency of MO presently, most studies use animal models such as rats and ethanol extract. Objective: The study aims to assess the acute toxicity lethal and sublethal doses (LD50) of MO using Swiss albino mice and its phytochemical constituents in our locality where consumption is very high. Methods: The ethanol extraction method was used to obtain the concentrates of 100 g, and thirty (30) adult mice (30 - 40g) were used for Acute Toxicity (LD50). Phytochemical analyses were carried out to determine the major Bio-constituents. Result: Showed that LD50 of 3900 mg/kg produced death in mice. Piloerection amongst others and weight gain were observed in sublethal doses. Carbohydrates (36.6%), Calcium, Phenol, Ascorbic acid, and Methyl Octadecenoate (30%) recorded the highest constituents. Conclusion: it is safe to consume MO to promote health in the right doses.

Functional characteristics of Moringa oleifera supplemented cookies and their ameliorative effect on the lipid profile of hyperlipidaemic patients

SummaryRaised cholesterol levels can alleviate the risk of cardiovascular diseases and stroke and are responsible for one‐third of all ischemic heart diseases worldwide. Moringa oleifera (MO) plant has gained nutraceutical prominence; therefore, its lipid‐lowering potential was investigated by its incorporation (leaves MOL, seeds MOS and leaves + seeds MOLS) into cookies. These cookies were then analysed for nutritional, physicochemical and clinical properties. The sensory properties received overall higher acceptability scores of 15% and 25% in MOL followed by MOS and MOLS cookies. Clinical investigations in hyperlipidaemic patients revealed significant reductions in total cholesterol (7.56% and 5.56%), low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (6.59% and 5.03%) and triglycerides (6.75% and 4.76%) in MOL and MOLS. While a significant increase in the high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (10.66%, 5.88% and 9.15%) in all three groups was observed, with a more pronounced raise in MOL Cookies. Furthermore, serum biochemistry (AST, ALT, ALP, urea and Creatinine) values remain within normal range revealing the safety for utilisation. The overall results indicated that MO possesses a positive effect on the lipid profile, therefore, can be a part of diet‐based therapy for the attenuation of chronic diseases.

Microarray Gene Expression Data Generation and Pre-Processing of Moringa Oleifera Leaves for the Improvement of Medicinal Use

Moringa oleifera is a plant species belonging to the family name called Moringaceae widely cultivated for human use. This study aimed to generate microarray gene expression data from the leaves of the Moringa oleifera plant and explore the usage of some tools available in the Bioconductor R package for the quality control. Six (6) young Moringa Oleifera leaves (YMOL) samples and six (6) old Moringa oleifera leaves (OMOL) samples were collected from the plant and processed for microarray data generation. Microarray gene expression raw data from the leaves of the Moringa oleifera plants were generated, each in a CEL file format and the usage of some tools available in R programming Bioconductor open source and development software project were explored for the quality control of the data. Affycoretools were installed in the R environment for pre-processing of microarray raw data. AffyQCReport tools were used to generate a comprehensive quality control (QC) report for the microarray unnormalized raw data in PDF format. It is recommended that Gene chip robust multiarray analysis (GCRMA) method can be used for visual inspection, background correction, normalization and summarization of this microarray raw data. The normalized microarray raw data can be used through the genetic engineering to improve the Moringa oleifera plant medicinal values in order to solve some medical problems especially with patients suffering from diabetes and hypertension and also can be of enormous importance in the fields of pharmacy and medicine at large.

Response of Soil Replenishment on Coppicing Ability and Economic Values of Moringa oleifera Lam Seedlings

The study aimed at the response of soil replenishment on the coppicing ability of Moringa oleifera plant and economic values of Moringa oleifera seedlings. This study was carried out in the forest nursery of the Department of Forestry and Wildlife Management, Federal University Dutse, Jigawa State. Purposive random sampling technique was used and one hundred and forty (140) structured questionnaires were administered to the respondents and retrieved. A Completely Randomized Design (CRD) in seven treatments with five replicates and total of thirty-five samples were laid. The data obtained was subjected to descriptive statistics (percentage and frequency) and inferential statistics (Analysis of Variance). Moringa oleifera performed well under all the treatments but it performed exceptionally under the control (T7) with shoot height (17.46±0.70 cm), stem diameter (1.46±0.05 cm), number of leave (120.9±13.35) and number of branches (12.55±0.92). Furthermore, the results showed that food and medicinal use had highest percentage of 32.86% and 20.71% respectively; percentage responses to ailments of leave and stem diameter were 40% and 25% respectively. Therefore, it is concluded that the findings of this research be disseminated to growers as it could improve the vegetative growth of their Moringa crops, medicinal uses, and sustainability.