With the development of offshore oil exploration and transportation activities, the threat of oil spill disasters to the marine ecological environment and even human beings is increasing. How to deal with the harm caused by oil spill is urgent. This paper introduces and analyzes the marine oil pollution situation and the current situation of marine oil pollution in China, analyzes the sea surface and sea surface marine monitoring technology, through marine monitoring technology and based on pattern recognition technology marine oil pollution detection technology, seeks to solve the oil spill pollution in time detection and image processing recognition based water quality monitoring technology, in order to assist in rapid intelligent recovery and clear oil pollution treatment.