Oil Pollution Of Soil Research Articles

Effect of Crude Oil Polluted Soil on the Reproductive Growth of Plantain (Musa paradisiaca L.)

Soil polluted by crude oil is detrimental to the survival of plants and microbes. Plantain (Musa paradisiaca L.) is a major important food crop, showing tolerance to abiotic and biotic stress. This study investigated the impact of soil polluted with Bonny Light crude oil (BLCO) on the reproductive growth of two plantain cultivars. Crude oil was added to agricultural soil on which plantain suckers were planted. Reproductive growth was then periodically assessed. The number of suckers was significantly higher in French plantain plants grown on polluted soil in comparison with control. False Horn plantain plants on unpolluted soil produced more suckers in comparison to the plants on polluted soil. Also, the time between planting to flower bud appearance and flower bud appearance to bud opening reduced in plants on polluted soil in both cultivars in comparison with the control. Statistically, there was an insignificant decrease in the fruit size of False Horn plantain on polluted soil compared with the control while there was an appreciable increase with a significant effect in fruits size of French plantain on polluted soil compared with the control. Generally, French plantain tolerated the stress induced by crude oil pollution of soil in its reproductive growth more than False Horn. The reproductive growth of False Horn and French plantain cultivars show that there could be varied response to crude oil polluted soil.

ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION AND IMPACT OF HIGHWAYS DURING OPERATION

The current state and rapid development of road construction and transport infrastructure are the reasons for the increase in environmental pollution, especially in the immediate vicinity of highways. Roadside areas accumulate a large amount of pollutants which leads to changes in soil properties and comprehensive degradation of landscapes. Together with the road runoff, pollutants enter the lakes and the rivers and cause significant damage to aquatic flora and fauna. During the operation of highways, a large amount of exhaust gases, oil products, heavy metals, and dust enters the natural environment. Currently, in Ukraine, most studies are aimed at reducing the negative impact of exhaust gases on the atmosphere, oil pollution of soils and the aquatic environment. Unlike in the European countries, the research on the formation of microparticles which, together with dust and surface runoff contaminate soils, surface and groundwater of roadside areas has not been conducted at all. This paper analyzes the European research experience on the negative impact of microparticles on the environment. The components of microparticles - micropollutants formed as a result of the interaction of vehicles with the road surface (tire wear products, road dust, road markings, etc.) are presented. The paper also presents the sources of formation, qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the main micropollutants and their pathways in the roadside area. This will allow further developing the effective measures to reduce the formation and spread of micr

Assessment of Vinca rosea (Apocynaceae) Potentiality for Remediation of Crude Petroleum Oil Pollution of Soil

Petroleum oil pollution is a worldwide problem that results from the continuous exploration, production, and consumption of oil and its products. Petroleum hydrocarbons are produced as a result of natural or anthropogenic practices, and their common source is anthropogenic activities, which impose adverse effects on the ecosystem’s nonliving and living components including humans. Phytoremediation of petroleum hydrocarbon-polluted soils is an evolving, low-cost, and effective alternative technology to most traditional remediation methods. The objective of this study is to evaluate the phytoremediation potentiality of Vinca rosea for crude oil-contaminated soil by understanding its properties and involvement in the enhanced degradation of crude oil. The remediation potentiality was determined by evaluating the total petroleum hydrocarbon degradation percentage (TPH%) and changes in the molecular type composition of saturated and aromatic hydrocarbon fractions. TPH% was estimated gravimetrically, and changes in the molecular type composition of saturated and aromatic fractions were measured using gas chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography, respectively. Sulfur concentration was measured using X-ray fluorescence. Cadmium and lead quantification was measured using Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES). The results revealed that V. rosea enhanced total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) degradation and altered the molecular composition of the crude oil. The saturated hydrocarbons increased and the aromatic hydrocarbons decreased. The saturated hydrocarbon fraction in the crude oil showed a wider spectrum of n-paraffin peaks than the oil extracted from unplanted and V. rosea-planted soils. Polyaromatic hydrocarbon degradation was enhanced in the presence of V. rosea, which was reflected in the increase of monoaromatic and diaromatic constituents. This was parallel to the increased sulfur levels in planted soil. The determination of sulfur and heavy metal content in plant organs indicated that V. rosea can extract and accumulate high amounts from polluted soils. The ability of V. rosea to degrade TPH and alter the composition of crude petroleum oil by decreasing the toxicity of polyaromatic hydrocarbons in soil, as well as its capability to absorb and accumulate sulfur and heavy metals, supports the use of plant species for the phytoremediation of crude oil-polluted sites.

An Overview on the Treatment of Oil Pollutants in Soil Using Synthetic and Biological Surfactant Foam and Nanoparticles.

Oil-contaminated soil is one of the most concerning problems due to its potential damage to human, animals, and the environment. Nanoparticles have effectively been used to degrade oil pollution in soil in the lab and in the field for a long time. In recent years, surfactant foam and nanoparticles have shown high removal of oil pollutants from contaminated soil. This review provides an overview on the remediation of oil pollutants in soil using nanoparticles, surfactant foams, and nanoparticle-stabilized surfactant foams. In particular, the fate and transport of oil compounds in the soil, the interaction of nanoparticles and surfactant foam, the removal mechanisms of nanoparticles and various surfactant foams, the effect of some factors (e.g., soil characteristics and amount, nanoparticle properties, surfactant concentration) on remediation efficiency, and some advantages and disadvantages of these methods are evaluated. Different nanoparticles and surfactant foam can be effectively utilized for treating oil compounds in contaminated soil. The treatment efficiency is dependent on many factors. Thus, optimizing these factors in each scenario is required to achieve a high remediation rate while not causing negative effects on humans, animals, and the environment. In the future, more research on the soil types, operating cost, posttreatment process, and recycling and reuse of surfactants and nanoparticles need to be conducted.

EFFECT OF CRUDE OIL POLLUTION OF SOIL ON THE VEGETATIVE GROWTH OF PLANTAIN (Musa paradisiaca¬)

Plant growth is affected by genetic, climatic and edaphic factors among others. Soil pollution may adversely affect biota by limiting growth and survival of plants. The research was carried out to investigate the potential effect of crude oil pollution of soil on the growth of two cultivars of Musa paradisiaca. Crude oil was added to agricultural soil on which plantain suckers were planted. Growth was then periodically assessed in terms of height, stem girth and total leaf area. Plant height was significantly reduced in the two cultivars grown on polluted soil in comparison with controls grown on unpolluted soil. There was also an insignificant decrease in stem girth in plants grown on polluted soil. Total leaf area increased for French plantain planted on crude oil contaminated soil more than control. For False Horn plantain however, the control had greater leaf area than those on polluted soil. The rates of increase in height, stem girth and leaf area were not uniform with time for the two cultivars. French plantain survived the stress caused by soil pollution better than False Horn plantain, although, both plantain cultivars on polluted soil still grew appreciably in comparison with controls. They may therefore be useful in remediating soils polluted by crude oil spillage.

EFFECTS OF SODIUM AZIDE TREATMENTS ON PLANT SURVIVAL AND PERFORMANCE OF SOY BEAN (GLYCINE MAX) IN THE PHYTOREMEDIATION OF A HYDROCARBON POLLUTED SOIL

The present study investigated the effects of sodium azide (NaN3) treatments on plant survival and performance of soy bean in the phytoremediation of a hydrocarbon polluted soil. Soil was previously polluted separately with waste petrol-engine oil (WPEO) and waste diesel-engine oil (WDEO) respectively at 0, 1, 2.5, and 5% w/w oil in soil for two months prior to cultivation of soybean in polluted and control soils. Seeds were pre-treated with 0.016% w/v NaN3 solution `for 1 hour before sowing in polluted and control soils. Results showed that performance of soybean was adversely affected by oil pollution; the effects being more in the WDEO-polluted soil than in the WPEO-polluted soil. Number of pods per plant reduced comparatively with increase in level of oil pollution. There were 40 pods per treated plants in 1% WPEO, 30 pods in 2% WPEO, 23 pods in 5% WPEO, 25 pods in 1% WDEO, 19 pods in 5% WDEO and 11 pods in 5% WDEO, compared to 59 pods in the control plants. The removal of treated soybean plants necessitated significant removal of heavy metal fractions of the polluted soil. The present study also showed that removal of soybean plants resulted in significant reductions in pollution indices (hazard quotient and contamination factors) used in the study. Although oil pollution of soil negatively impacted on plant survival and yield performances of soybean plants, plant survival and phytoremediative capability were however enhanced by pre-treatment with NaN3.

Влияние нефтяного загрязнения на рост и развитие Phleum pratense, Festuca pratensis, Phalaris canariensis

Purpose of the study: to study the effect of oil pollution on the morphological parameters of cereal grasses: canary grass, timothy grass and meadow fescue. Tasks: assessment of the impact of oil pollution of soils on seed germination, growth and development of the studied species by morphological parameters; analysis of the species variability of the studied indicators. Oil-contaminated high-moor peat was used as a substrate. Objects of research: seeds of cereal grasses: meadow timothy Phleum pratense L, 1753, meadow fescue Festuca pratensis Huds, canary grass Phalaris canariensis. Evaluation of the effect of oil-contaminated soil was carried out on the basis of changes in seed germination and morphological parameters: plant mass, leaf length, length and number of roots. The experimental results were processed by the method of variation statistics. As a result of studying the effect of oil-contaminated peat on seed germination, it was found that in the variants of the experiment with the minimum oil content, no differences were noted with the control values. The maximum concentration of oil (10,000 mg / kg) reduced seed germination by 924%. With an increase in the oil content in the soil, the morphometric parameters of all the studied species of cereal grasses also decreased. The greatest differences in the studied test functions, in comparison with the control variant, were noted in canary grass, the smallest in meadow fescue.

БАРЬЕРНЫЕ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКИ ПЕСКОВ В ЗАЩИТЕ ЗАГРЯЗНЕНИЯ ОКРУЖАЮЩЕЙ СРЕДЫ НЕФТЕПРОДУКТАМИ

The efficiency of absorption of gasoline and motor lubricating oil through sand layers 
 is investigated. The influence of different heights of sand layers on the degree of retention of petrole um products is considered. The results obtained, which reached more than 80% at a layer height of 8 
 cm, allow assessing the barrier role of sand in preventing oil pollution of soils and reservoirs.

Biodegradation of buried crude oil in soil microcosm by fungal co-culture

Crude oil pollution in soil is a major environmental problem over the world. After long-term contamination, crude oil can be buried in the soil and leaving the toxic and persistence compounds. Treatment of buried crude oil in soil is a major challenge. In this study, buried crude oil in soil (20 cm-depth) was treated by the co-culture of three fungal strains (Pestalotiopsis sp. NG007/Polyporus sp. S133/Trametes hirsuta D7 with composition 1/1/1 and pre-grown in wood meal) placed on the top or bottom layer of the soil. Biodegradation behavior of crude oils were analyzed at different depth interval (0–5 cm, 5–15 cm, and 15–20 cm) with constant oxygen diffusion. The results showed that both position of fungal co-culture could degrade crude oil 63 – 92% after 30 days. Placing the co-culture in the bottom layer position of the soil demonstrated more effective degradation for all the depth interval than that of the top layer position. During the biodegradation, the co-culture produced oxidative enzymes such as catechol 1,2-dioxygenase, catechol 2,3-dioxygenase, laccase, manganese peroxidase, and lignin peroxidase with significant activities. This study offers an important strategy to remediate crude oil contaminated soil, specifically buried crude oil.

THE INFLUENCE OF HUMIC ACIDS IN THE PRESENCE OF OIL-DEGRADING MICROORGANISMS OF THE GE-NUS RHODOCOCCUS ON THE SOWING QUALITIES OF COCKWEED IN OIL POLLUTION

By the method of biotesting, it has been established that the addition of oil-degrading microorganisms of the genus Rhodococcus to the soil contaminated with hydrocarbonshas a positive effect on morphogenesis and sowing qualities of the cockweed test culture, which is associated with the microbiological oxidation of oil by bacteria of the studied strains. It was revealed that a positive effect was observed in 5 of 8 variants of the experiment on the medium with hexadecane with the joint introduction of humic acids and microorganisms. Under the conditions of oil pollution, the introduction of Rh. erythropolis X5 and Rh. erythropolis S67 microorganisms into the substrate with the addition of humic acids as a whole has a stimulating effect on the morphogenesis and sowing qualities of cockweed. It should be noted that it was in the “oil + humic acids + microorganism” variant that the indicators were obtained that maximally exceeded the values of the contaminated control. Reducing the toxicity of oil and hexadecane, and in some cases, the complete removal of the negative effects of toxicants in the relation to the test culture are apparently connected with the intensification of the process of oil biodegradation due to the stimulating effect of humic acids on the microorganisms. It is proved that the introduced humic acids act as adaptogens in the relation to the microorganisms Rh. erythropolis X5 and Rh. erythropolis S67, increasing their resistance to stress loads under conditions of oil stress. Thus, the results show that the introduction of humic acids can contribute to more effective biodegradation of oil pollution of soils. At the same time, in order to increase the efficiency of humic acids, the use of humic acids of sphagnum transitional peat + Rh.erythropolis X5, humic acids of sphagnum high-moor peat + Rh. erythropolis X5, humic acids of reed fen peat + Rh. erythropolis S67 in the conditions of oil pollution seems more promising. On a substrate with hexadecane, it is advisable to consider the use of humic acids of sphagnum high-moor peat, because in this variant, the parameters that maximally exceed the contaminated control were noted.

Remediation of Crude Oil-Polluted Soil by the Bacterial Rhizosphere Community of Suaeda salsa Revealed by 16S rRNA Genes.

Crude oil pollution of soil is a serious environmental issue, and bioremediation using plants and microorganisms is a natural and sustainable method for its restoration. Pot incubation of a two-factor randomized block (plants with two levels, and crude oil with three levels) was designed to investigate the rhizosphere bacterial community of Suaeda salsa (L.) Pall. Crude oil contamination of soil was studied at different levels: 2 g/kg (low), 4 g/kg (medium), and 6 g/kg (high) levels. In this study, the physicochemical properties of the collected rhizosphere soil were analyzed. Moreover, the soil bacteria were further identified using the 16S rRNA gene. The effects of S. salsa and crude oil and their interaction on the physiochemical properties of the soil and crude oil degradation were found to be significant. Crude oil significantly influenced the diversity and evenness of bacteria, while the effects of S. salsa and interaction with crude oil were not significant. Proteobacteria were found to be dominant at the phylum level. Meanwhile, at the genera level, Saccharibacteria and Alcanivorax increased significantly in the low and medium contamination treatment groups with S. salsa, whereas Saccharibacteria and Desulfuromonas were prevalent in the high contamination treatment group. High crude oil contamination led to a significant decrease in the bacterial diversity in soil, while the effects of S. salsa and its interaction were not significant. Despite the highest abundance of crude oil degradation bacteria, S. salsa reduced crude oil degradation bacteria and increased bacteria related to sulfur, phosphorus, and nitrogen cycling in the low and high contamination group, whereas the opposite effect was observed for the medium contamination treatment group. The abundance of most crude oil degradation bacteria is negatively correlated with crude oil content. Nitrogen cycling bacteria are sensitive to the total nitrogen, total phosphorus, ammonia nitrogen, and nitrate nitrogen, and pH of the soil. Sulfur cycling bacteria are sensitive to aromatic hydrocarbons, saturated hydrocarbons, and asphaltene in soil. This research is helpful for further studying the mechanism of synergistic degradation by S. salsa and bacteria.

ДЕЙСТВИЕ ЗАГРЯЗНЕНИЯ СЕРОЙ ЛЕСНОЙ ПОЧВЫ НЕФТЬЮ НА УРОЖАЙНОСТЬ ЯРОВОГО ЯЧМЕНЯ И КОЭФФИЦИЕНТЫ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЯ ПИТАТЕЛЬНЫХ ВЕЩЕСТВ ИЗ ПОЧВЫ

The work is devoted to assessing the effect of a single oil pollution of the soil on the yield and chemical composition of spring barley plants during four rotations of crop rotation. The study was conducted in 2004-2018 on the experimental field of Agrochemistry and Soil Science Department of Kazan State Agrarian University, located in the ancestral zone of the Republic of Tatarstan. The soil of the experimental plot is gray forest medium loamy, which is the prevailing soil difference for this zone. Uncontaminated soil was characterized by a low humus content and a slightly acidic reaction of the medium, an increased content of mobile phosphorus and an average supply of mobile forms of potassium and trace elements (B, Mo, Mn, Cu, Zn, Co). The soil was artificially contaminated with salable oil at the rate of 20 l/m2, which, as shown by previous studies of the department, corresponds to the average level of pollution. The effect of oil pollution of gray forest soil on the productivity of barley sown 2, 6, 10 and 14 years after pollution was studied. A statistically significant decrease in the yield of spring barley was established within 14 years from the moment of contamination. As the pollution ages, the yields on contaminated soil gradually approach the yield level of the control (uncontaminated) soil. In all years of observation, a decrease in grain yield from oil pollution of the soil was more significant than a decrease in straw yield. Old oil pollution of gray forest soil had a weak effect on the content of total nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the plants of spring barley. The spring barley utilization rates of mineral nitrogen and mobile phosphorus in gray forest soil under the influence of old oil pollution decreased by about 1/4, and mobile potassium by 1/5.

Современное состояние и воздействие нефтегазовой отрасли на окружающую среду Казахстана

The article considers the current state of the oil and gas industry of the Republic of Kazakhstan, the volume of oil and gas production in recent years. Also, the impact of the oil and gas industry on land resources and the environment in General. It is investigated how harmful the oil and gas industry is to the environment, and some methods of cleaning oil pollution of soils and soils are reflected. The article shows the relevance of environmental and economic problems of the oil and gas complex of the Republic of Kazakhstan and possible ways to solve them, analyzes the role of the oil industry in the political and social development of the country. It is noted that the oil and gas complex has specific features that increase the intensity of man-made impact in environmental pollution. Today, one of the most pressing environmental problems is environmental pollution in oil and gas production areas. The ways of solving environmental safety at oil and gas fields are studied, taking into account the qualitative composition of Kazakhstan's oil, the latest innovative solutions to reduce emissions of toxic elements into the environment during the extraction and processing of hydrocarbons.

Innovative Techniques for Measuring the Oil Content of Oil‐Contaminated Porous Media

AbstractThe oil content of oil‐contaminated porous media is an important parameter for the assessment and remediation of oil pollution in soil and groundwater. However, an accurate measurement method is not available. In this study, we propose a new equation to calculate the oil content of water‐bearing media based on traditional extraction–ultraviolet spectroscopy. Further, an improved experimental method was developed. The results indicate that the pure solid weight and oil content of oil‐contaminated media can be accurately determined by introducing the oil drying loss coefficient (γ). The average relative errors of the improved method range from −0.14% to −0.96%. They are much smaller than errors of −4.49% to −10.97% of the original methods, indicating that the accuracy of measured oil content is enhanced. In addition, the accuracy of the new method does not depend on oil volatility and oil content.

Investigation of enterobacter aerogenes effects on heavy oil from biological degradation aspects by GC*GC technique

The main cause of oil pollution of soil is the emergency situations within oil production, transportation and processing in the boundaries of industrial sites of chemical and petrochemical industries. Oil pollution leads to the deterioration of the agrophysics soil characteristics, namely to the dysfunction of the water, air, thermal, oxidation-reduction and nutrient regimens. Microbial technologies are becoming accepted worldwide as cost-effective and environmentally friendly approaches to improve oil production. One of the methods to purify oil residue is bioremediation, in this way we Investigate Enterobacter Aerogenes effects on heavy oil by SARA, FT-IR, GC and GCxGC methods. The material required for the growth of Enterobacter Aerogenes is Carbon and Phosphate. On the one hand, this bacterium takes these nutrients from carbohydrates in our body. In addition, the crude oil is full of Hydrocarbon structures. So, the Enterobacter Aerogenes is injected with Thioglycollate broth to crude oil which was distillated and the samples were put for a month in an incubator for 30 days. The results this research illustrate this bacterium has been able to survive in oil by isolating straight-run carbons with short and weak bounds from asphaltene and resin structures, as well as utilizing sulfur, nitrogen and oxygen in the oil. Also, it is found out this bacterium has had a positive effect on making light oil from heavy crude oil. It should be noted this bacterium releases CH4, which can be used again if the gas is collected.

Microbiocenoses of Oil-Polluted Soils

The state of soil microbiocenoses at different levels of oil pollution was assessed. The microbiological activity of two types of soils (sod-podzolic and typical black earth) under the conditions of stress caused by oil pollution was determined. The regularities in variation of the ratio and total number of the main groups of microorganisms in different soil types were reveled. The compositions of microorganism species in polluted soils were determined. The dynamics of changes in microbiocenoses after one-time oil spiking was traced. A number of microbiological parameters, which can serve as markers of oil pollution in soil, were proposed.

Changes in the Number and Species Variety of Bacteria in Oil-Polluted Soils

Herein we have assessed the state of soil bacterial communities at different levels of pollution with oil. The dependences of the change in the total abundance of non-spore-forming bacteria and bacilli in sodpodzolic soil and typical chernozem have been obtained. The species composition of microorganisms in polluted soils has been assessed. The dynamics of the changes in the structure of bacterial communities with time after single oil pollution has been traced. Several microbiological parameters which can be used as diagnostic tools in case of oil pollution of soil have been found.

Effects of bacterial-feeding nematodes and organic matter on microbial activity and oil degradation in contaminated soil.

Increasing rates of oil exploitation and utilization are associated with increasing rates of oil pollution in soil. Nematodes are abundant in soils with or without oil contamination, among which bacterial-feeding nematodes are the dominant group. However, their function in oil-contaminated soil is unclear. This study explores the effects of bacterial-feeding nematode and organic matter addition on microbial activity and oil degradation in contaminated soil. Experiments were conducted using six treatments of oil-contaminated soil: sterilized (Control), nematode-free (OC), nematode addition (OCN), nematode + wheat straw addition (OCNW), nematode + rapeseed cake addition (OCNR), and nematode + biochar addition (OCNB). At the end of a 168-day incubation experiment, the oil concentration of OCN soil was 26.77% lower than that of OC soil, and those of OCNW, OCNR, and OCNB were 12.83%, 27.81%, and 4.77% lower, respectively, than that of OCN soil. Over the experiment, soil microbial biomass carbon, fluorescein diacetate hydrolysis activity, and dehydrogenase activity increased by 4.35-382.30%, 1.75-302.22%, and - 2.73-224.55%, respectively, in oil-contaminated soils, with or without nematode and organic matter addition. These results suggest that the addition of organic matter and bacterial-feeding nematodes to oil-contaminated soil can promote the growth and activity of microorganisms that break down oil.

Rapid Detection of Oil Pollution in Soil by Using Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy

Detection of oil pollution in soil has been carried out using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS). A pulsed neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) laser (1,064 nm, 8 ns, 200 mJ) was focused onto pelletized soil samples. Emission spectra were obtained from oil-contaminated soil and clean soil. The contaminated soil had almost the same spectrum profile as the clean soil and contained the same major and minor elements. However, a C–H molecular band was clearly detected in the oil-contaminated soil, while no C–H band was detected in the clean soil. Linear calibration curve of the C–H molecular band was successfully made by using a soil sample containing various concentrations of oil. The limit of detection of the C–H band in the soil sample was 0.001 mL/g. Furthermore, the emission spectrum of the contaminated soil clearly displayed titanium (Ti) lines, which were not detected in the clean soil. The existence of the C–H band and Ti lines in oil-contaminated soil can be used to clearly distinguish contaminated soil from clean soil. For comparison, the emission spectra of contaminated and clean soil were also obtained using scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive X-ray (SEM/EDX) spectroscopy, showing that the spectra obtained using LIBS are much better than using SEM/EDX, as indicated by the signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio).

Laboratory Reactor for Processing Carbon-Containing Sludge

The paper describes a reactor for high-temperature pyrolysis of carbon-containing sludge with the possibility of further development of environmentally safe technology of hydrocarbon waste disposal to produce secondary products. A solution of the urgent problem has been found: prevention of environmental pollution resulting from oil pollution of soils using the pyrolysis process as a method of disposal of hydrocarbon waste to produce secondary products.