Oil Palm Empty Bunch Research Articles

Improvement of Falcataria moluccana Root Growth by Giving Empty Palm Oil Fruit Bunches (EFB) Biochar in Growing Media

Sengon (Falcataria moluccana) is a fast-growing species widely planted in Industrial Plantation Forests (IPF/HTI) and has high economic value. The provision of planting material must be well prepared and planned to get the appropriate nursery planting media composition. The Empty Palm Oil Bunches (EFB) biochar application improves soil's chemical and physical properties to provide nutrients for plants. This study aims to determine the effect of the application of EFB biochar on the growth of sengon roots. The experimental design was completely randomized (CRD) by applying four treatment levels and 20 repetitions. The treatments were (A) 100% soil (control), (B) 5% EFB biochar, (C) 10% EFB biochar, and (D) 15% EFB biochar. The data were then analyzed by analysis of variance to see the effect of the treatment on the observed root growth parameters, followed by the 5% Least Significant Difference (LSD) further test to determine differences between treatments. The parameters observed were root length, root volume, root wet weight, and root dry weight. The result showed that the application of EFB biochar increased the growth of sengon roots compared to the control. The greater the dose of the addition of EFB biochar given to the growing media, the more it showed a positive response in improving the growth of sengon roots. In this study, the 15% dose showed the best results compared to other treatments.

Pemanfaatan Limbah Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit Sebagai Sumber Energi Terbarukan

Indonesia is the world's largest palm oil producer with a land area of 14.3 million as of 2019. With this area, it will produce biomass in the form of replanted stems, midribs, empty palm oil bunches (TKKS), shells and fruit fibers. Biomass waste, including palm oil solid waste, has the potential to be used as raw material for renewable energy or bioenergy. This study aims to utilize palm oil plantation waste into bio oil and bio briquettes. The raw materials used in this study were empty oil palm fruit bunches (TKKS) and palm oil shell waste. Bio oil is made by the pyrolysis process. This research produces pyrolysis products, namely bio oil as a substitute for diesel fuel from EFB waste and from shells to produce bio briquettes. Found in pyrolysis products, namely bio-oil, aromatic compounds, aliphatic hydrocarbon compounds, acid compounds and hydrocarbon compounds. Hydrocarbon compounds are compounds that exist in fuel oil. In OPEFB bio oil, 19 types of hydrocarbon compounds were found. Meanwhile, bio briquettes from oil palm shells produce a calorific value of > 5000 which has met the Indonesian national standard (SNI) 01-6235 in 2000. Meanwhile, the water content value meets the Indonesian National Standard, which is a maximum of 15%.

The Effect of Fiber Length Variations on the Composite Fiber of Oil Palm Empty Bunches (OPEB) on Tensile Strength

Composite is a combination of materials formed from mixing between two or more of the forming materials. This research aims to determine the effect of variations in fiber length with lengths of 4cm, 6cm, and 8cm with a volume fraction of OPEFB fiber of 30% and NaOH alkaline immersion for 2 hours. The tests carried out were tensile testing using ASTM D3039 and bending testing using ASTM D7264. Based on the study's results with the 30% OPEFB fraction with the highest tensile strength yield, the 8cm fiber length of 13,33 MPa was achieved. Meanwhile, the lowest value was achieved with a length of 4cm of 3,2MPa.

PENGARUH BERBAGAI JENIS MULSA TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL KEMBANG KOL (Brassica oleracea var. Botrytis L) VARIETAS PM 126 F1

This study aims to determine the effect of various types of mulch on the growth and yield of cauliflower varieties PM 126 F1. To determine the effectiveness of various mulches compared to MPHP on the growth and yield of cauliflower varieties PM 126 F1. This research was conducted in the experimental field of the Faculty of Agriculture, Samudra University, Langsa City, Aceh Province with an altitude of ± 10 meters above sea level. This research was conducted from January to March 2022. This study was structured using a non-factorial randomized block design (RAK). The factors observed were several types of mulch, consisting of 13 mulch with 1 cauliflower variety PM 126 F1 which was repeated 3 times. Parameters observed included plant height, number of leaves, weight of plant stover, flower diameter, weight of plant flowers and production per hectare. The results showed that the type of mulch treatment significantly affected the parameters of plant height at 20 HST, number of leaves aged 20 HST and plant weight of wet stover at harvest. However, it did not significantly affect the parameters of flower diameter and plant flower weight and production per hectare at harvest. The best results were obtained by treatment M6 (empty palm oil bunches), M1 (MPHP), but equally good with M10 (broken bricks) and M11 (used cloth). To cultivate cauliflower plants it is recommended to use mulch of empty palm oil bunches, MPHP, broken bricks or used cloth

Growth and Yield of Four Varieties of Soybean Plants Against the Application of Various Doses of Oil Palm Empty Bunch Fertilizer

Soybeans are on the list of essential food crops after rice and corn. Soybean seeds contain nutrients, including protein, which is the primary protein source for most people in Indonesia. Increased production in intensification is achieved by utilizing varieties and improving planting media. One of the planting media improvements is using oil palm empty fruit bunches. The research was conducted from April to July 2022 at the experimental field of the Faculty of Agriculture, Ratu Samban University, Arga Makmur, North Bengkulu Regency, Bengkulu Province, Indonesia. The research used a randomized complete group design with two factors. The first factor was soybean varieties, consisting of V1 = Detam 1, V2 = Detam 4, V3 = Devatra 1, and V4 = Devatra 2. The second factor was the dose of oil palm empty fruit bunch compost. The levels were T1 = 20 tons per ha, T2 = 15 tons per ha, T3 = 30 tons per ha, and T4 = 40 tons per ha. The results showed that the Devatra 1 variety was the best, especially during the vegetative phase, while the generative phase was Detam 1. The higher the dose of oil palm empty fruit bunch compost fertilizer, the better in improving the growth and development of soybean plants. There is no interaction between the treatment of varieties and the dose of oil palm empty fruit bunch compost.

Pemanfaatan Berbagai Jenis Limbah Pertanian Sebagai Media Tanam Jamur

Mushrooms are divided into two major groups, namely white rot fungi and brown rot fungi. White rot mushrooms are a group of fungi that easily grow on medium containing cellulose/simple sugars such as bagasse and grass residue, while brown rot mushrooms are a group of fungi that grow easily or well on medium containing complex cellulose such as residue from dead wood. Mushrooms are classified as heterotrophic living things, which means they live by processing food from organic compounds. In general, the substrate used for growing mushrooms is sawdust, but the problem found is the availability of sawdust which is difficult to obtain and costs a lot of money to procure. An alternative substrate that is easy to obtain and widely available is agricultural waste. The purpose of this research is to observe and examine from various sources what types of waste can be used as an alternative for cultivating mushrooms so as to save on production costs. This type of research is applied science research with the method used is the survey study method of literature. The results obtained are the types of waste that can be used as a mushroom growing medium are Sawdust, Coconut Fiber, Oil Palm Empty Bunches, Oil Palm Male Flowers, Palm Oil Stem Decomposite, Rice Husk, Rice Bran, Corn Cobs, Leftover Corn Seeds, Leftover Sorghum Seeds, Remaining Wheat Seeds, Sugar Cane Dregs, Dried Tea Powder, Dried Coffee Skins, Dried Peanut Shells. It is suggested that further research is needed on mixing the composition of mushroom growing media so that maximum results are obtained for the growth of both brown rot and white rot mushrooms

Pengaruh Penambahan Limbah Kulit Udang Terhadap Kualitas Kompos Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit untuk Memperbaiki Sifat Tanah di Majene

Oil palm empty fruit bunches are palm oil industry waste that has not been processed and utilized optimally. Utilizing palm oil industrial waste as compost material can reduce the negative impact of waste on the environment. Compost as a source of organic matter and nutrients that can improve properties and restore soil function, so that plant nutrients are complete. The addition of shrimp shell waste can improve the quality of oil palm empty fruit bunches compost, namely the availability of macro and micro nutrients in the compost. The purpose of this study was to analyze effect of composting empty palm oil bunches with the addition of shrimp shell waste on the soil in Majene. The results of the analysis of primary macronutrients such as pH, C-Organic, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium and C/N Ratio in the soil after the addition of composted oil palm empty fruit bunches and shrimp shell waste increased. Meanwhile, secondary macro nutrients such as Calcium, Magnesium, Sulfur and micro nutrients such as Aluminum, iron and Manganese did not increase after the addition of composted empty fruit bunches of oil palm and shrimp shell waste.

Bimbingan Teknis Pembuatan Pupuk Organik Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit (TKKS) di Kabupaten Kolaka

Oil palm empty fruit bunches are the main waste from the palm oil processing industry and are a source of organic matter rich in nutrients N, P, K, and Mg. Composting empty palm fruit bunches naturally takes quite a long time. Techniques to speed up the process of decomposition of organic matter is done by giving activators. Activators are microbial decomposers that act as catalysts to speed up the composting process and make the composting products perfect with good quality. The potential for empty oil palm bunches in Tanggetada District, especially Petudua Village, is very abundant. The people in Petudua Village do not yet know the benefits of empty palm fruit bunches, so they are left lying around which can disturb the surrounding environment. This technical assistance aims to guide the people of Petudua Village on the steps for making organic fertilizer sourced from empty oil palm fruit bunches. The stages of this activity include lectures, training and discussions. The result of this technical assistance is the knowledge of the people of Petudua Village about the steps for making and the procedure for making organic fertilizer from empty oil palm bunches.

Utilization of Polypropylene (PP) Plastic Waste with Waste Oil Palm Empty Brunch for an Alternative Fuels

The need for plastic corresponds with the annual rise in population. Meanwhile, plastic waste that is improperly managed can negatively influence the environment. Therefore, a more promising alternative recycling process is needed to convert this waste into oil by cracking, and the process is possibly assisted by adding empty palm oil bunches. This study examines how modifications in the ratio of oil palm empty bunches to Polypropylene (PP) plastic waste influence the percent liquid produced by cracking and the heating value during the process. It is a completely randomized design (CRD) with variations in the ratio of plastic raw materials: oil palm empty fruit bunches 1:0, 1:1, 1:2, and 1:3 at a temperature of 450°C and 40 minutes duration. This resulted in liquid conversion from cracking of 80% at 1:1 of PP: TTKS 1:1. However, the addition of oil palm empty fruit bunches to polypropylene polymers does not affect the increase in the percent conversion outcomes. The results of the heat test analysis show the value of 6.681 MJ/kg and 1.512 MJ/kg.

Determination of Potassium in Empty Bunches Palm Oil (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) Using Flame Photometry Method

Research on the determination of potassium in empty bunches palm oil have been done with the flame photometry method. The samples were taken randomly from five areas in Northen Sumatera with various heights in the range of < 25- 400 m above sea level. The first sampling was of Datuk Bandar district at Tanjung Balai < 25 m, Meranti district at Kisaran 50 to 100 m, Bosar Maligas district at Simalungun 150-200 m, Simarimbun district at Pematang Siantar 250 to 300 m, and the last Sari Matondang district at Sidamanik 350-400 m. The sample was digested using concentrated nitric aid and 30% hydrogen peroxide then heated with the addition of nitric acid concentrated. Potassium content was measured with a flame photometer at specific 767.5 nm by using calibration methods. The result obtained that potassium contents in the samples were 11.83%; 17.56%; 21.89%; 24.68%, and 25.14% for Tanjung Balai, Kisaran, Simalungun, Pematang Siantar, and Sidamanik respectively. The data obtained showed the higher area of the sea, the lower the temperature so the content of potassium increased in the palm oil empty bunches.

Efektifitas Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit (Elais Guineensis Jacq) Dalam Menurunkan Kadar COD Limbah Cair Kain Jumputan

The textile industry in South Sumatra is progressing and has a positive impact on people's lives, the activities of this industry have the potential to generate liquid waste. This will disturb the quality of water bodies, especially the presence of oxygen. The adsorption process was chosen as a waste treatment method because it is relatively simple and can use natural material adsorbents from the waste of unused biomass.This research aims toto know the effectiveness of palm empty bunches activated carbon (Elais guineensis Jacq) in adsorbing COD in the wastewater of jumputan fabric in Palembang. with variations in activated carbon of oil palm empty bunches and wood charcoal, namely 20 grams, 40 grams and 60 grams with a contact time of 45 minutes for each test. The test results showed that the COD value before treatment was 40 mg / l and after treatment using oil palm empty sign activated carbon was 109 mg / l on average and wood charcoal activated carbon averaged 166.67 mg / l. Anova test results on 2 types of activated carbon showed no difference in decreasing COD levels in the waste water of Palembang jumputan.

Growth And Production Of Several Rice Varieties With The Biochar From Different Sources Of Materials

This research will be carried out in the experimental land of the Tanjung Morawa Seed Center, Lubuk Pakam District, Deli Serdang Regency. The purpose of this research is to find out how the growth and production of several varieties of irrigated rice with biochar from different source. The experimental design used in this study was a split plot design with 2 factors. The first factor is: The provision of various sources of biochar with 5 levels of treatment: No biochar, rice husk biochar, coconut shell biochar, oil palm empty bunch biochar and jengkol skin biochar. The second factor was: Ciherang, Hipa 19, Inpari 33. Parameters observed were plant height (cm), number of panicles, weight of 1000 grains (g and soil analysis. The results showed that the use of several varieties of lowland rice on the growth and production of irrigated rice had a significant effect on the height of rice plants from 6-9 WAP. The use of several varieties of rice such as Ciherang, Hipa 10 and Inpari 33 varieties showed differences in plant height starting at the age of 6 WAP. The results of the final analysis of paddy fields after being given biochar treatment experienced an increase in nutrients such as N-total, P, K and organic C in all treatments.

An appropriate unstructured kinetic model describing the batch fermentation growth of Debaryomyces hansenii for xylitol production using hydrolysis of oil palm empty fruit bunch

This study aimed to determine an appropriate unstructured kinetic model describing the growth of Debaryomyces hansenii with the hydrolysis of oil palm empty bunches as the substrate sources. We tested the well-known cell growth kinetic models for approximating the xylitol fermentation data. We modeled the extracellular process by considering the biomass as a variable, xylose as the substrate and xylitol as the product. The appropriate kinetic model was determined by fitting the models to the experimental data. The fitting process involved an optimization procedure that minimizes a least-squared error between the model solution and the experimental data using a gradient-based method. We found that the unstructured model with Monod specific kinetic growth model had the best approximating ability to describe the dynamics of the batch xylitol fermentation data. Some factors were highlighted as the key factors that influence the growth of yeast cells. One of them is the maximum growth rate of the yeast cell which had a high sensitivity to the maximum production of new cells and xylitol as the main product. As Monod was the best-approximated model, it implies that inhibitory effects by substrate and product played an important role in controlling the growth of yeast cells. There was a certain maximum growth rate for the yeast cell that generates maximum production of new cells and xylitol within a relatively short fermentation time. This result indicates that the growth rate parameter played an important role in adjusting the fermentation process for optimality purposes.

PEMBUATAN PAPAN PARTIKEL DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN BAHAN BAKU TANDAN KOSONG KELAPA SAWIT DAN PEREKAT RESIN

Oil palm is a plantation crop that has an important role in Indonesia today. This plant is a plant that produces vegetable oil and its derivative products. The processing of oil palm empty bunches into particle board as a strategy for utilizing solid waste from oil palm processing has been carried out. The test was carried out to determine the hardness, weight and moisture content to produce particle board. The board making was carried out in April - August 2020. The location was at the Laboratory of Soil and Fertilizer at the College of Agricultural Agribusiness and Plantation (STIPAP) and the Laboratory of Industrial Chemistry Polytechnic Medan (PTKI). The results showed that the largest water content of oil palm empty fruit bunches was obtained by 44%, then for the weight of the content obtained 1.131 gr / cm3 with a ratio of 50% oil palm empty bunches fiber and 50% resin adhesive and a hardness test value of 76 kg. . The moisture content can affect the resistance and weight of the particle board so that drying is necessary. Meanwhile, the weight of the contents has an effect on particle density, thereby increasing the hardness of the material.

Enkapsulasi Asap Cair Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) dan Uji Aktivitas Antijamur

Oil palm empty bunches is lignocellulose that can be processed into liquid smoke with the content of acid compounds and phenol compounds that function as a natural preservative. The purpose of this study to find out the characteristics of liquid smoke, see the effect of encapsulan on the liquid smoke encapsulation process, and see the antifungal activity of A. flavus and A. niger. The method used is pyrolysis process at a temperature of 400 oC to produce liquid smoke and encapsulation process by using variation of coating material using spray dryer with micro sized result. The result showed that the liquid smoke characteristics can be seen from its chemical content that is the dominant phenol compound and has the highest phenol content among the parts found in oil palm that is 68,15%. Based on analysis it can be seen that the best encapsulation process is by the addition of chitosan on maltodextrin with water content 5.78%, phenol content of 43.03 ppm and has a high rate of encapsulation efficiency of 45.87%. The liquid smoke microcapsules could inhibit the growth of fungi with the highest value of liquid smoke concentration, that is 3% with inhibitory value of 8.30 mm.

Effect of Rhizobacteria and Palm Mill Byproducts on the Growth of Oil Palm Seedlings in a Pre-Nursery

Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) is a type of microbe that can boost root development and plant growth by interacting with plant roots. The goal of this study was to examine how oil palm mill byproducts and PGPR can affect oil palm seedling growth in a pre-nursery. The study was conducted using a completely randomized design with factorial treatments. The empty oil palm bunches (EFB) were divided into three levels: soil:compost EFB (1:1), soil:ash EFB (1:1), and a control soil. The second variable was the PGPR dose, which was divided into three levels: chemical fertilizer (control), 20 ml, and 30 ml. Each treatment combination was repeated five times. The research findings were analyzed using analysis of variance to determine the true difference between the treatments tested using Duncan’s multiple range test at 5%. There was no interaction between the administration of EFB and the dose of PGPR in the growth of pre-nursery oil palm seedlings, according to the findings. Oil palm seedlings grew well in EFB compost in a pre-nursery setting. In pre-nursery palm head seedlings, PGPR application at a dose of 20 ml was able to provide good growth.
 Keywords: Pre-nursery, Empty Fruit Bunch, Organic Fertilizer, PGPR

Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium (VLE) Curve for Furfural Purification from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Hydrolysate Solution with the UNIQUAC Model

Furfural is the main Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch (OPEFB) hydrolysis product. It can achieve high purity from hydrolysate distillation. Its equipment design can be done by utilizing vapor-liquid equilibrium (VLE) data to achieve high furfural purity. The purpose of this research is to develop a Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium (VLE) curve for furfural purification from Oil Palm Empty Bunch hydrolysate solution with the Universal Quasi Chemical (UNIQUAC) model. Distillation data is obtained from literature and examined on the Universal Quasi Chemical (UNIQUAC) model. Calculations for average deviation and R2 are also made to show the accuracy of the model quantitatively. The modeled VLE curve indicates that the UNIQUAC model and the literature distillation pattern are not ideal, and the UNIQUAC curve pattern closely follows the literature pattern. The average deviation and R2 values for this UNIQUAC model are 0.0954 and 0.297, respectively. These values are still acceptable and show that UNIQUAC can be used as useful model distillation data of furfural and water as the representatives of an OPEFB hydrolysate solution.

Application of Bacillus cereus Biofertilizer Formulation of Soybean (Glycine max L. Merril) Growth and Yield Support Sustainable Agriculture on Peatlands

Soybean growth and yield can only be increased by giving biofertilizers containing Bacillus cereus. Several formulations of organic matter as carriers are expected to increase the effectiveness of B. cereus in biofertilizer. Therefore, this research aims to determine the effect of various formulations of B. cereus biofertilizer on the growth and yield of soybean (Glycine max L. Merril) on peat medium. The experimental research design used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 5 treatments and 4 replications (20 experimental units) with the treatment tested was the formulation of B. cereus (F): 100 ml of B. cereus without formulation (F0); 100 ml of B. cereus + 74% bagasse + 13 % zeolite + 13% dolomite (F1); 100 ml of B. cereus + 74% rice husk + 13% zeolite + 13% dolomite (F2); 100 ml of B. cereus + 74% solid + 13% zeolite +13% dolomite (F3); 100 ml of B. cereus + 74% OPEFB + 13% zeolite + 13% dolomite (F4). The results showed that the application of all organic materials in the formulation had not been optimally able to increase every parameter of growth and production. However, the B. cereus + oil palm empty bunches (OPEFB) tended to be better for the percentage of effective root nodules and seed weight per 3 soybean plants.

Liquid-Liquid Extraction (LLE) of Furfural Purification from Oil Palm Empty Bunch with Toluene Solvent

Oil Palm Empty Brunches (OPEB) as lignocellulose can be hydrolyzed into various chemical compounds with high selling value, such as furfural. Furfural purification by liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) produced higher furfural yield compared to other methods. The solvent must have a high solute capability to achieve the LLE process with the highest furfural yield. Toluene was chosen as a solvent because it shows high solubility in furfural extraction. The purpose of this research is to determine the optimum operating conditions for furfural LLE with toluene from the OPEB hydrolysate model. The variable in this research is stirring time (30, 60, 90 minutes), extraction stage (1x, 2x, 3x), and extraction temperature (25, 45, 65°C). Analysis of furfural content in the organic phase was carried out using HPLC. The Response Surface Methodology (RSM) determined the optimum furfural LLE condition in the Design-Expert software using the Box-Behnken model. This research can be used as a reference for obtaining the best furfural yield from OPEB hydrolysate using the LLE method with toluene.

Application of oil palm empty bunches as organic mulch in oil palm plantation (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.): an evaluation and SWOT analysis

Palm oil waste management must be done as a form of implementing zero waste palm oil industry. Oil palm Empty Fruit Bunches (EFB) are one of the solid wastes produced from processing Fresh Fruit Bunches (FFB). PT ABC manages EFB waste by utilizing it as organic fertilizer with the mulching method. EFB is organic material containing nutrients and can improve soil physical properties when applied to plant cultivation areas. This study was conducted to determine the impact of EFB application on plantation land on the level of oil palm production and the potential for pests that can be caused and to analyze the implementation of EFB application at PT ABC, Bengkulu. The study method used is descriptive, using primary data obtained through observation, interviews, literature studies and documentation, and secondary data obtained by identifying organisms at the spot of EFB application and observing oil palm plants for symptoms of horn beetle attack. Then, data analysis was carried out using descriptive statistical methods and SWOT analysis methods. The results showed that the application of EFB with a single layer mulching method at PT ABC could reduce the risk of the appearance of horn beetle pests and could potentially increase the productivity of oil palm plants, although not too high. PT ABC has the opportunity to carry out a comprehensive EFB application to have a good impact on the company by considering the recommended SWOT analysis strategy.