Oil Mill Effluent Research Articles

Materials Derived from Olive Pomace as Effective Bioadsorbents for the Process of Removing Total Phenols from Oil Mill Effluents.

This work investigates olive pomace from olive mill factories as an adsorbent for the removal of total phenols from olive mill effluent (OME). This pathway of valorization of olive pomace reduces the environmental impact of OME while providing a sustainable and cost-effective wastewater treatment approach for the olive oil industry. Olive pomace was pretreated with water washing, drying (60 °C) and sieving (<2 mm) to obtain the raw olive pomace (OPR) adsorbent material. Olive pomace biochar (OPB) was obtained via carbonization of OPR at 450 °C in a muffle furnace. The adsorbent materials OPR and OPB were characterized using several basic analyzes (Scanning Electron Microscopy-Energy-Dispersive X-ray SEM/EDX, X-ray Diffraction XRD, thermal analysis DTA and TGA, Fourier transform infrared FTIR and Brunauer, Emmett and Teller surface BET). The materials were subsequently tested in a series of experimental tests to optimize the sorption of polyphenols from OME, investigating the effects of pH and adsorbent dose. Adsorption kinetics showed good correlation with a pseudo-second-order kinetic model as well as Langmuir isotherms. Maximum adsorption capacities amounted to 21.27 mg·g-1 for OPR and 66.67 mg·g-1 for OPB, respectively. Thermodynamic simulations indicated spontaneous and exothermic reaction. The rates of total phenol removal were within the range of 10-90% following 24 h batch adsorption in OME diluted at 100 mg/L total phenols, with the highest removal rates observed at pH = 10. Furthermore, solvent regeneration with 70% ethanol solution yielded partial regeneration of OPR at 14% and of OPB at 45% following the adsorption, implying a significant rate of recovery of phenols in the solvent. The results of this study suggest that adsorbents derived from olive pomace may be used as economical materials for the treatment and potential capture of total phenols from OME, also suggesting potential further applications for pollutants in industrial wastewaters, which can have significant implications in the field of environmental technologies.

Statistical optimization of lipase production from oil mill effluent by Acinetobacter sp. KSPE71

The present study investigated the valorisation of oil-rich residues of coconut oil mill effluent (COME) as a potential growth medium for the microbial production of extracellular lipase. The bacterial species isolated from oil mill effluent, Acinetobacter sp. KSPE71 was tested for its efficiency to grow and produce lipase in undiluted COME and 0.2 % yeast extract and 0.2 % NH4Cl supplemented COME. In this connection, the process parameters such as pH, temperature, agitation speed, and inoculum size were optimized to maximize the production using a central composite design in the Response surface methodology. At the optimized state of pH 7.5, 35?C, 150 rpm with 0.6 % inoculum size, a maximum of 3.95 U mL-1 activity was obtained, four-fold higher than the basal condition. At this stage, 73 % of the lipid content was degraded. The present work results imply that the oil mill effluent can be used as a cheaper production medium for lipase and the new isolate Acinetobacter sp. KSPE71 as a potential lipase producer. The degradation of oil waste along with the production of the valuable product has multiple advantages of cost reduction of lipase and environmental concern.

PERANCANGAN GEOMETRI DAN POWER PENGADUK UNTUK BIOREAKTOR

Sei Pagar's palm oil mill (PKS Sei Pagar), PTPN V Riau processes fresh fruit bunch into crude palm oil(CPO). This processing also generates waste like empty fruit bunches (EFB), shells, fiber, and palm oilmill effluent (POME). POME has a high content of chemical oxygen demand (COD), approximately30,000-80,000 mg/L, which is usually fermented by bacteria. This fermentation mechanism can beused to produce biogas containing methane in a continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR). Since POMEor organic materials for biogas production generally contain sludge, the biogas production processshould have an agitator to mix sediment in the base reactor and improve biogas production. Thisresearch aims to determine the agitator's specifications for the biogas pilot plant in PKS Sei Pagar,consisting of power type and type of stirrer include diameter calculation, geometry, and powercalculation. The agitator's power and geometry are determined based on input data from the datasheetreactor and the efficiency of the stirrer is calculated by Reynolds reynolds numbers. From thisresearch's calculations, an agitator geometry for the biogas pilot plant in PKS Sei Pagar had a length of0.875 m, a width of 0.7 m, and a height of 3.5 m. This research also obtained that the motor power resultwas 23.55 HP. The selection of motor power in the Biogas pilot plant's stirring process in PKS Sei Pagarshould have a standard agitator motor power of 25 HP.

Removal of Phenol from Oil Mill Effluent Using Activated Carbon Prepared from Kernel Shell in Thailand’s Palm Industry

Removal of Phenol from Oil Mill Effluent Using Activated Carbon Prepared from Kernel Shell in Thailand’s Palm Industry

Treatment of Palm Oil Mill Effluent by Poly(L-Lactic Acid)-Poly(Ethylene Glycol)/Silica Membrane

Biodegradable membrane technology has received an increasing interest in many fields of applications exclusively to preserve the earth. A renewable polymer such as poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) often being introduced with reinforcement material to improve the characteristics of membranes itself. Herein, this study highlights the development of membrane from poly(L-lactic acid)-poly(ethylene glycol) (PLLA-PEG) copolymer with silica (SiO2 ) in the treatment of palm oil mill effluent (POME) wastewater. We hypothesized that the incorporation of SiO2 as a nanofiller promoted PLLA-PEG/ SiO2 membrane to have a porous and higher number of pores on the membrane surface. Therefore, the effect of silica amount added in the PLLA-PEG copolymer membrane was also investigated and examined by using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). Based on FTIR analysis, the presence of the urethane (-NHCOO-) functional group indicated the formation of PLLAPEG copolymer and SEM micrographs showed porous surface on the membranes with increasing pores size in a favor of SiO2 amount added. Also, the surface wettability of membranes was evaluated through water contact angle which render hydrophilic characteristics. These membranes were subsequently applied for POME filtration where the test resulted in significant discolouration of POME. Furthermore, the high percentage removal efficiency of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total suspended solid (TSS) up to 99.5% empowers the treated POME wastewater to be within the range set by the Malaysian Department of the Environment.

A novel lipolytic yeast Meyerozyma guilliermondii: Efficient and low-cost production of acid and promising feed lipase using cheese whey

Abstract Cheese whey is a by-product of the dairy industry that is generated in large quantities. It is considered the main pollutant in dairy wastewaters due to its high organic load. The aim of this paper was to produce lipases using cheese whey as the sole nutrient source. Yeasts isolated from slaughterhouse fridge effluent and oil mill effluent were screened for lipolytic activities. The lipase activity of the target yeast strain was increased by improving the culture conditions using a statistical design and the lipase activity was biochemically characterized. Among 25 yeasts, the L1 strain, identified by molecular markers as Meyerozyma guilliermondii, was selected as a good lipase producer. The best results were obtained when M. guilliermondii was grown in 2.0% of cheese whey at pH 4.0 for 24 h. Under these optimal conditions, a 6.7-fold increase of lipase production was achieved, corresponding to the production of 285.82 U mL−1, which is higher than others reported in the literature. Biochemical characterization revealed that M. guilliermondii lipase was more active and stable at 35–40 °C and in acidic conditions (pH 2.5–5.5). It also exhibited remarkable stability in organic solvents, especially those of a hydrophobic nature and excellent tolerance to digestive components. The novel isolate M. guilliermondii showed potential for use in feed industry thank to its ability to produce acid lipases efficiently and at a low cost using an abundant and polluting waste material.

Evaluation of Different Treatment Processes for Landfill Leachate Using Low-Cost Agro-Industrial Materials

Leachate is a complex liquid that is often produced from landfills, and it contains hazardous substances that may endanger the surrounding environment if ineffectively treated. In this work, four leachate treatment applications were examined: combined leachate/palm oil mill effluent (POME) (LP), leachate/tannin (LT), pre-(leachate/tannin) followed by post-(leachate/POME) (LT/LP), and pre-(leachate/POME) followed by post-(leachate/tannin) (LP/LT). The aim of this work is to evaluate and compare the performance of these treatment applications in terms of optimizing the physicochemical parameters and removing heavy metals from the leachate. The highest efficiency for the optimization of the most targeted physicochemical parameters and the removal of heavy metals was with the LP/LT process. The results are indicative of three clusters. The first cluster involves raw leachate (cluster 1), the second contains LP and LP/LT (cluster 2), and the third also consists of two treatment applications, namely, LT and LT/LP (cluster 3). The results demonstrate that LP/LT is the most appropriate method for leachate treatment using low-cost agro-industrial materials.

Effect of microalgae-to-palm oil mill effluent (POME) ratio for rapid effective pollutants removal and biomass production

Effect of microalgae-to-palm oil mill effluent (POME) ratio for rapid effective pollutants removal and biomass production

The potential of fermented cottonseed oil-mill effluent as inexpensive biofertilizers and its agronomic evaluation on medium-textured tropical soil

PurposeUpsurge of oil-mill industries and associated generation of wastewaters constitutes a huge environmental problem in Nigeria. As an option to reckless disposal, such effluents are often fermented and used as biofertilizers for nutrient-poor soils, but the potential of cottonseed oil-mill effluent (COME) and agronomic evaluation of such potential has yet been studied.MethodsA pot trial was conducted in northern Nigeria to assess the effects of COME fermented for 20 days and applied at five rates (0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 g 5-kg−1 soil) on soil fertility 2 weeks after application and performance of African Spinach over the next 5 weeks.ResultsSoil pH increased steadily from 7.5 in unamended soil (control) to 8.0 at the maximum rate of fermented COME. Soil organic matter showed similar trend; from 16.7 to 27.7 g kg−1. Also, soil available nitrogen, available phosphorus and exchangeable potassium all indicated lowest values (0.28, 4.36 and 8.25 mg kg−1, respectively) in the control and the values increased steadily with increase in COME rate up to 0.47, 24.94 and 29.75 mg kg−1, respectively, at the maximum rate. By contrast, plant height, leaf area, number of leaves and fresh leaf yield of spinach were highest in the control and decreased with increase in COME rate until total inhibition of plant growth at ≥150 g 5-kg−1 soil.ConclusionFermentation of COME for 20 days before use permits the expression of its fertilizer value in soil; however, the fermentation level attained within this period translates into a sub-optimal detoxification status that is too low for crop growth.

PRODUCTION OF PALM OIL WITH METHANE AVOIDANCE AT PALM OIL MILL: A CASE STUDY OF CRADLE-TO-GATE LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT

The study discusses a case study of cradle to gate life cycle assessment for the production of Crude P alm Oil (CPO) with methane avoidance at palm oil mill. The improved milling process enables total utilizat ion of the oil palm fruit to produce alow oil palm base d food source. The minimal modification in the mill includes cleaning of Fresh Fruit Bunches (FFB) and obtaining the low oil food source from the aqueous stream. The oil palm fruit processing plant enables the significant reduction of Greenhouse Gas (GHG) such as methane and carbon dioxide emissions by avoiding the formation of liquid biomass in the form of Pal m Oil Mill Effluent (POME). The attributional Life Cy cle Assessment (LCA) shows the improved milling process contributes to significant reduction of GHG emission from palm oil mills as compared to the process of capturing biogas from POME. The palm based food source contains phytonutrients, namely carotenoids, tocols (tocopherol and tocotrienols) a nd water soluble polyphenols.

Lipolytic Potentialities of Microbes from Oil Mill Effluent

Lipolytic Potentialities of Microbes from Oil Mill Effluent

Ligno-Cellulose Composting: Case Study on Monitoring Oil Palm Residuals

Oil palm empty fruit bunches (EFB) composting is increasingly being considered by tropical farmers as a worthwhile alternative to direct spreading in the field. EFB are ligno-cellulose residues comprising 46% cellulose and 16.5% lignin with a high C:N ratio ranging from 45 to 70. In hot regions, it is essential to control variations in the water content of the substrate. This case study set out to optimize the EFB composting procedure by monitoring two key factors, namely the nutritional balance of the biomass and its water content. The trial was conducted on a composting platform belonging to the PT SMART Tbk company (Indonesia) in windrows comprising shredded EFB watered weekly with oil mill effluents. The quantity of effluent to be added was calculated so as to systematically top up to 60% humidity. The initial C:N ratio of the EFB was reduced by urea and/or ripe compost applications (seeding). Application times and rates were studied on two windrows, one in an open area, the other in an area sheltered by a roof to prevent over-rapid drying. After ten weeks the compost could be considered ripe for all the treatments; at that stage, composting had reduced the volume and initial weight of the fresh EFB by 85% and 50% respectively. The combined action of a temperature rise and windrow turning led to substantial water losses through evaporation, resulting in a sudden drop in windrow humidity at the start of composting. When rainfall was insufficient, effluent applications became essential. The total amount of effluent to be applied during composting (without rainfall) was around 3 m3 per initial tonne of EFB. This amount approximately corresponded to the standard effluents : EFB ratio in the oil mill. Inoculation of the mass of EFB to be composted with ripe compost had a significant effect on the speed with which the mixture was reduced. A urea application a fortnight after the start of fermentation seemed to be beneficial. The resulting compost had a good agronomic value. However, the mineral balance was considerably affected, as the nutrients provided by the effluents were poorly retained by the substrate, and partially lost in percolation water following the weekly watering operations. For instance, almost 50% of the phosphorus, 70% of the potassium, 45% of the magnesium and between 10% and 20% of the calcium theoretically applied were lost ten weeks into the trial. Better distribution of the effluent applications, combined with a system to recover the leachings, should substantially reduce these losses, while maintaining suitable humidity for microbial degradation.