Oil Enterprises Research Articles

Current requirements for digital competencies of a graduate 
 in the oil and gas geological industry

The article discusses the main requirements for digital competencies of graduates of higher educational institutions for the oil and gas geological industry. A review of the main IT trends in the scientific and production activities of an oil and gas enterprise and a survey of the personnel skills necessary for their implementation is carried out, the requirements of an employer hiring a modern IT specialist are formulated and formalized.

The calculation algorithm of oil and gas production enterprise energy efficiency indicators

THE PURPOSE. The main purpose of the study is to develop the calculation algorithm of energy efficiency indicators. To develop an algorithm, it is necessary to consider the features of the power supply system of the oil and gas production enterprise. Then, the power and electricity balance calculation algorithm should be designed to evaluate the share of the technological processes’ consumption, analyze losses, and determine the source of imbalance. The assessment of energy efficiency indicators will require adaptation of the parameter’s identification method for rotating electrical machines in operating modes. To calculate the specific equipment energy, it is necessary to use power tracing in the algorithm. The final stage is to develop a visualization of a software prototype for monitoring and control energy efficiency indicators of an oil and gas production enterprise.METHODS. The equipment parameters identification method based on actual measurements is used for designing a mathematical model. To calculate the steady-state, the nodal-voltage method is used in couple with an addressing matrix for tracing power flows.RESULTS. The paper proposes an algorithm for calculating energy efficiency indicators of equipment for an oil and gas production enterprise. The algorithm is based on the processing and analysis of actual data from the electricity metering devices installed at the enterprise. Analysis of the power consumption information together with the oil production indicators will reveal the most efficient operating mode of the equipment. The calculating algorithm for the specific electricity consumption is considered in the example of a typical hierarchy of metering devices at a field. Further, the paper discusses the possibility of applying the targeting flow distribution principle for reducing power losses. A parameters identification technique is presented for multi equipment nodes to assess energy efficiency and monitor operating parameters.CONCLUSION. The algorithm considered in the paper was introduced into the information system of the production control center at the field as an additional module for assessing energy efficiency. The large deviation of the indicator's values from the specified ones is messaging about the equipment's normal mode violations. It allows creating an optimal schedule of organizational and technical measures to regulate energy consumption and improve the energy efficiency of the enterprise.

Optimization Investment Structure on Petroleum Exploration and Development

Abstract In order to improve the decision-making ability of exploration and development investment of petroleum enterprises, our study focuses on the optimization method of investment structure. First, this paper analyzed ten risk factors that are most likely encountered by oil enterprises in exploration and development investment by using Markowitz's portfolio theory. A conclusive objective function was established based on the net present value mean-variance, semivariance, and semi-absolute deviation risk model. Second, studying the link between regional exploration investment and expected reserves, trapping exploration investment and controlling reserves, evaluating exploration investment and proved reserves, the relationship model between reserve price and reserves was constructed through commercializing reserves. By studying the relationship between exploration investment and reserves, development investment and production, we used the portfolio optimization theory to establish a comprehensive model for the optimization of oil and gas multi-stage exploration and development investment structure. Third, based on the established exploration and development portfolio optimization model and the actual economic evaluation needs of oil fields, this study established the medium and long-term investment model, block equilibrium constrained investment structure optimization model, reserve replacement rate constrained investment structure optimization model, and short-term investment structure optimization models. These models provided a basis for different investment decisions of oil and gas exploration and development.

E&P Notes (March 2022)

E&P Notes (March 2022)

Local diffusion airfoil control as an effective way of increasing the adaptability of gas air cooler fan unit

Problem statement. Industrial safety and compressed gas cooling efficiency at compressor stations of the main gas pipeline is an essential task that gives urgency to the issue of mathematical modeling of energy conversion control in the impellers of gas air cooler (GAC) fan units. GAC fan units are high-speed and adaptable. So, they can make the Russian oil and gas complex highly competitive globally. Research objective is to develop a method of controlling the diffusion airfoil of the impeller blade profiles, which is the main reason for GAC fan units’ low adaptability. Methods of research. To calculate the majorant of fan unit adaptability control, we accepted a hydrodynamic analog of local diffusion airfoil, namely, flow velocity change on the blade profile. Having applied conformal transformations, hydrodynamic analogy, and S. A. Chaplygin singular points, we have developed a method of local diffusion airfoil control which consists in changing the flow velocity using sources of influence on the blade profiles flow. Results. It has been proved that the intensity of the sources distributed along the impeller blade profile is the majorant of local diffusion airfoil control. The sources determine the diffusion airfoil of the flow and, therefore, the velocity change around the profile. The experiment confirmed that the profiles constructed according to the proposed method reduce the profile drag coefficient of GAC fan unit impeller blades by more than three times, increasing the cost-effective performance by at least 43%. Scope of results. The result obtained can be used at the enterprises of the Russian oil and gas complex when cooling the compressed gas with the main gas pipeline compressor station GACs.

The nonlinear and asymetric pass‐through effect of crude oil prices on inflation

AbstractThis paper examines pass‐through of crude oil prices on consumer prices index (CPI) and producer prices index (PPI) in Turkey in the augmented Phillips curve context by applying ARDL (autoregressive distributed lag) and NARDL (non‐linear ARDL) models. The results show that the effects of volatility in crude oil prices to Turkey’s consumer price index and producer prices index are not symmetrical in the long run. The long‐term effects of the increase in international oil prices consumer price index and producer prices index are higher than the case where international oil prices show reduction. When compared to ARDL model, NARDL model reveals more significant results that are required to consider the asymmetry effect of international oil prices to consumer price index. Moreover, if crude oil prices rise, both indices are affected differently. Therefore, economic authorities in Turkey should adopt different density monetary policy efforts to respond the rise and fall of global oil prices. Focusing on further loosening the control of oil prices and reducing the cartel valuing power of oil enterprises are among the options together with implementing long‐term policies that encourage renewable energy sources.

Особенности коррозии и ингибиторной защиты сталей в растворах кислот, содержащих соли железа (III). Обзор

A critical analysis of literature data on corrosion of steels in solutions of mineral acids containing Fe(III) salts and the possibility of inhibitory protection of steels in these environments has been carried out. The accumulation of Fe(III) salts in acid solutions during their operation at metallurgical, oil and gas enterprises, objects of housing and communal services is a result of dissolution of mineral deposits, scale, thermal scale, and rust containing Fe (III) compounds in them. In addition, additional oxidation of Fe(II) salts in acid solutions to Fe(III) compounds is possible. The effect of the redox potential, determined by the ratio of the content of Fe(III) and Fe(II) cations in them, as well as mobility of Fe(III) cations, on the corrosivity of the systems under consideration was examined. The reasons for the accelerating and retarding action of Fe(III) salts on corrosion of steels in acidic media were analyzed. Modern concepts of the mechanism of corrosion of steels in these environments are discussed. The low efficiency of the inhibitory protection of steels in mineral acids containing Fe(III) salts is demonstrated. It is noted that it is possible to increase the protective effect of some corrosion inhibitors (CI) in these environments by reducing their overall aggressiveness. It can be achieved by introducing H3PO4 into them, which is capable of binding Fe(III) into strong complexes that have a lower oxidizing capacity than Fe(III) aqua complexes and mobility in an aggressive environment. The CI used in an aggressive environment must be effective in slowing down not only the cathodic reduction of protons and anodic ionization of iron, but also significantly suppress reduction of Fe(III) cations, which is realized with the diffusion control. These requirements are met by composite CI based on triazoles, which in H2SO4 + H3PO4 and HCl + H3PO4 solutions containing Fe(III) salts are effective in slowing down the corrosion of low-carbon steel.

Research on Standardized Management Measures of Material Procurement in Oil Enterprises

Research on Standardized Management Measures of Material Procurement in Oil Enterprises

Information Technologies: Physical and Mathematical Models of Detectors for Environment Monitoring Systems

Ecological monitoring is a real need in contemporary world with its growing tendency of environmental industrial pollution. Among such pollutants there are chemicals emanated in fires, explosions and other emergencies, in process of ruining of chemical enterprises, enterprises of oil and gas cycle, and etc. Some information systems for appropriate monitoring were described briefly in this article together with incorporated hybrid system of electronic chemical pollution detectors that were able to input information to such systems. In previous works of the authors the necessity of development of two types of such detectors with specified properties were substantiated: biosensors and detectors with elements – artificially elaborated selective membranes. This article describes the second type of detectors. The proposed detectors were able to detect harmful chemicals in the environment in the air and water phases; development of such devices was based on the theory of membrane systems. The detectors contained sensor elements covered with chemo-sensitive specific coatings – layers of substances: membranes, films, etc. When in contact with certain chemicals, these detectors demonstrate the properties of chemo-sensitivity and primary identification of such compounds. These studies were aimed on developing detectors of various environmental pollutants based on the theory that can be used as a basis for the detection of such substances. The works were based on a deep study of membrane systems with further development of physical and mathematical models of some substances detection taking into account basic chemical and physical properties of artificial and natural membranes, as well as their ionic selectivity. Some results of mathematical modeling of such detectors with artificial membranes – chemo-sensitive surfaces – were described in the article. Summarizing the previous experience, a brief review of authors’ publications in these items was done, as well as the works of some other authors. The purpose of the work was, basing on profound studying of artificial membrane systems, to suggest them as physical model and summarize the experience of development of their mathematical models.

On the Issue of Improving the Efficiency of Management with Drilling Waste of Oil and Gas Production Enterprises

On the Issue of Improving the Efficiency of Management with Drilling Waste of Oil and Gas Production Enterprises

On Building a Model for the Efficient Development of the Oil and Gas Industry

Aim. The presented study aims to build a model for the efficient development of the oil and gas industry in the long term. Tasks. The authors investigate the peculiarities of the development of the oil and gas industry in the Russian Federation at the present stage when the COVID-19 coronavirus pandemic has had a significant impact on the reduction of oil production and global demand for oil and petroleum products; identify strategic directions for the development of the oil and gas industry in Russia and substantiate the need for government measures to support the oil and gas industry, including the possibility of forming innovative investment resources and reducing the tax burden in combination with a global shift away from fossil fuels, which will ensure more efficient use of oil and gas reserves. Methods. This study uses the theory and methodology of strategizing developed by academician V.L. Kvint as a basis for determining strategic directions and priorities for the development of the oil and gas industry. An economic and mathematical regression model for predicting the volume of oil production in the Russian Federation over the next five years is developed with allowance for the priorities of the methodology under consideration. Results. Substantiation of the projected values of oil production increases the preparedness of Russian oil companies and the government, allowing them to respond to various scenarios in the future and thus making it possible to develop an efficient strategy based on preventive measures to reduce the impact of oil price volatility on the Russian economy. Calculations show that Russia will most likely not be able to fully realize its production potential. In the long term, oil production will naturally decline due to the depletion of the resource base. One of the prerequisites for the successful operation of oil and gas enterprises is their orientation towards an innovative strategy in the context of sustainable development. Conclusions. The era of cheap oil and unexpected profits from hydrocarbons is gradually coming to an end. Therefore, strategically important directions for the oil and gas industry include the modernization of technologies and equipment by attracting investments in oil and gas enterprises and the development of the industry’s infrastructure, diversification of the refining industry, reduction of crude oil exports, and increased exports of finished petroleum products.

Forecasting oil futures realized range‐based volatility with jumps, leverage effect, and regime switching: New evidence from MIDAS models

AbstractThis study adds ample evidences on forecasting oil futures realized range‐based volatility (RRV) in the mixed data sampling (MIDAS) framework. Considering the features and frequent extreme risk in oil futures trading in practice, we investigate the effect of jumps, leverage effect, and regime switching. The results highlight the great importance of combing jumps, leverage effect, and regime switching simultaneously in oil futures RRV forecasting, which still holds the best predictability during a highly volatile state. Moreover, considering regime switching can also improve forecast accuracy for longer forecasting horizons such as weekly, biweekly, and monthly. The conclusions are robust to various settings and criteria. Our findings are essential for oil enterprises and quantitative investors to have a good command of crude oil futures market characteristics and achieve risk aversion.

Отраслевая структура нефтегазового комплекса России: трансформационные процессы и тенденции

The oil and gas industry is becoming one of the key priorities of the state policy of the Russian Federation. Ensuring energy and economic security, sustainable development, and innovative development in the context of the digitalization of the economy requires a qualitatively new approach to regulating the oil and gas industry. The tasks of rational use of oil and gas resources, increasing productivity, and environmental friendliness of production processes are set not only for companies in the oil and gas sector, but also increase the responsibility of the state for achieving them. 
 The solution of the above-mentioned tasks requires an integrated approach based on a theoretical and methodological basis, economic research, systematization of world experience, taking into account the use of modern management and regulation mechanisms of oil and gas complex enterprises.

Технология полигенерации и оборудование систем энерго- и водообеспечения нефтегазовых предприятий

A novel polygeneration technology and equipment concept has been suggested for energy and water supply systems of oil and gas enterprises. It was created in order to enhance opportunities of mutual integration of power and manufacturing systems using recuperation and recycling. As an example, we have described a system which incorporates modules for combined energy resource and water generation as well as wastewater and low pressure hydrocarbon gas recycling. Feasibility of polygeneration and mutual integration was assessed with use of a multi-criterion concidering efficiency and effectiveness.

Технология воспроизводства пихты для получения хвойной лапки

The article considers the use of innovative technologies in logging industry. Manufacture of products “for health” can turn into a substantial profit if one approaches the business competently and chooses a low-competitive niche. Nowadays, there are still types of industries where competition is minimal, despite high consumer demand. These include the industrial production of fir needle oil, which is popular with consumers. It is famous for its healing properties and is used in treating colds, intestinal issues, joints, and nervous disorders; in the manufacture of cosmetics and medicines (ointments and creams). However, there are a number of issues related to the organization of the fir needle oil production, which are the basis of legislation in this area. This applies to the harvesting of raw materials. The share of fir stands in the composition of forests is constantly decreasing. In the European part of Russia, it became necessary to find a way to ensure a regular supply of fir needle oil enterprises with the necessary raw materials. The article proposes a new technology for the artificial reproduction of fir plantations for the purpose of their further use in the production of fir needle oil. A periodic cycle, which allows producing fir needle oil wherever a fir plantation is laid out, is recommended. The design of the device has also been developed. It helps to reduce the planting time, the loads on people when forming the planting spot and thereby increase labor productivity. The article materials can serve as a guide for the efficient use of production resources (people and machinery) for those who lease land for fir growing for oil production. For citation: Tsarev E.М., Rukomojnikov K.P., Anisimov S.E., Tatarinov D.S. Fir Reproduction Technology for Harvesting Coniferous Boughs. Lesnoy Zhurnal [Russian Forestry Journal], 2021, no. 6, pp. 79–88. DOI: 10.37482/0536-1036-2021-6-79-88

IMPROVING THE EFFICIENCY OF INNOVATIVE ACTIVITIES OF OIL AND GAS ENTERPRISES THROUGH THE USE OF A PROJECT MANAGEMENT APPROACH

The article discusses aspects of the project approach in the management of innovative activities of enterprises in the oil and gas sector. It is noted that the functioning of enterprises in the oil and gas sector is closely related to innovation and needs to apply a project management approach in order to timely achieve the set production objectives. It is indicated that the use of the project approach in the management of oil and gas enterprises can increase labor productivity, in general, thirteen times. It is concluded that it is advisable to adapt the accumulated extensive foreign experience in the implementation of project management in the oil and gas sector.

Reference Significance of Foreign Offshore Oil and Gas Cooperation Model Experience to China

For a long time, the oil exploration and development business of Chinese oil enterprises is mostly limited to China, and the international cooperation of transnational oil and gas started late. Therefore, compared with foreign companies, there is still a big gap in understanding the business model of overseas oil and gas industry. Therefore, it is necessary to summarize and learn from the past business model. This paper summarizes the main modes of offshore oil and gas cooperation among global oil companies, compares various modes, and studies the cooperative development mode of offshore oil and gas resources. The research shows that under the lease contract mode, foreign oil companies have greater management rights, but with the continuous development of international oil industry, the government of resource countries has gradually increased its control over foreign oil companies.

О методике оценки состояния промышленной и пожарной безопасности на предприятиях нефтегазового комплекса России

The statistics of fires and accidents at the enterprises of oil and gas complex of Russia is presented. The choice of the method for assessing the state of industrial and fire safety is substantiated. It allows to transform the input information presented in the form of a characteristic description of the assessed event into an output dana that has a weighted numerical value. It is shown that the stable functioning of industrial enterprises depends on the safety margin of industrial and fire safety systems. Their maintenance at a certain level requires the allocation of resources (material, human, temporary, etc.), which are limited and insufficient to meet all the requests from the service managers. It is required to scientifically substantiate the targeted provision of activities that have a high index of risk. The purpose of the article is to obtain the result of the assessment of these measures in the form of a weighted risk indicator. This will allow to normalize each event included in the checklists (control sheets) of the enterprise for both industrial and fire safety. A pairwise comparison of the factors and alternatives using the selected method of hierarchy analysis makes it possible to identify the indicators of local and global priorities for each element under study. The weighting coefficients obtained in the form of local priorities relate to the event being tested. Global priorities are directly related to the services and structural units that ensure the sustainable functioning of the industrial and fire safety systems. Use of the methodology for assessing the state of industrial and fire safety at the objects of oil and gas complex of Russia will allow to transfer the management system of these enterprises to a new qualitative level.

Analysis and forecast for gas demand using the VARMA model

Subject. The article assesses the fluctuations in market demand for gas to ensure market flexibility. Objectives. The aim is to develop a methodology for forming an optimal capacity portfolio of oil and gas industry enterprises, taking into account the specifics of the industry to ensure market flexibility, and its testing, on the case of forming a capacity portfolio for three market zones (NCG – Germany, GASPOOL and AVTP – Austria), using the VARMA model. Methods. We employ methods of financial econometrics and statistics. Results. The study reveals the specifics of the state of the European gas market, considers the prerequisites for ensuring flexibility, and unveils the main tools to ensure the required level of flexibility. It also offers and tests an algorithm, based on the VARMA model, for assessing and forecasting gas demand in three market zones. We substantiate the need for determining the degree of interrelation between the indices of complementary trade zones, and consider models enabling to assess interrelationships and modeling of projected prices and demand in the future. Conclusions. The findings may be used for integration of capacities into the capacity generation model, in order to calculate a portfolio of gas transportation and storage capacities, which will allow providing predicted fluctuations in gas demand without risk.

Investigation of buffer capacity of the recreational environmental through the self-purification of natural-technogenic hydroecosystems in the Carpathian region


 
 
 The aim of research was to investigate the theoretical and practical aspects of the buffer capacity of the recreational environment of the Carpathian region of Ukraine through the improvement of self-purification assessment on the example of natural-technogenic hydroecosystems. Studies of the self-purification process were carried out on the example of the right tributaries of the river Svicha in the Carpathian region, which are water intakes of wastewater from the oil and gas industry enterprise of Ivano-Frankivsk region. The main factors influencing the natural process of self-purification of natural watercourses are determined. As a result, the indicator of wastewater dilution intensity was improved with the substantiation of the proposed coefficients, which depend on the value of the river flow velocity and water temperature. A scale for assessing surface waters has been developed, that allows to determine the degree of natural self-purification of water from pollutants. Based on the results of the analysis of selected water samples, the pattern of self-purification of natural watercourses from oil products is obtained, which will allow to make forecast maps of the buffer capacity of the recreational environment of the Carpathian region. A regression analysis was performed, which proves the relationship between the content of petroleum products and the distance of their distribution from the source of pollution in the Lushchava River. Fisher's F-test was used to check the significance of the dependence. The reliability of the relationship between the indicators is confirmed by the coefficient of determination (D = r2), which is 0.96. Summarizing the results of the study the scale of estimation of natural self-purification of surface waters from pollutants depending on the calculated indicator of wastewater dilution intensity which’s criteria are the accounting for speed of a river flow and a temperature mode is offered. When establishing the range of n values, the average value of the calculated indicator of the intensity of wastewater dilution for the studied rivers, which is 4, was taken into account. As a result, the proposed scale of assessment of natural self-purification of surface waters allows to determine the degree of self-purification of the right tributaries of the river Svicha, which is necessary for further forecasting of water pollution in the Carpathian region.