Oil Emulsion Research Articles

Alkaline solubilization of microalgal protein and its impact on the functional properties of protein extract

Microalgal alternative proteins are increasingly recognized as a sustainable and promising source for future food production. Despite the widespread use of alkaline solubilization in protein extraction, its influence on the functional properties of microalgal protein extracts has received limited attention. This study marks the pioneering effort to assess the impact of alkaline (NaOH) solubilization on both the extraction process and the functional properties of Chlorella vulgaris protein extract (CVPE) obtained through isoelectric precipitation. With the gradual escalation of alkaline concentration from 0 to 0.7 M, there was a notable improvement in protein extraction efficiency, increasing significantly from 6.22 % to 56.23 %. However, elevated NaOH concentrations resulted in protein degradation, as evidenced in SDS-PAGE studies. Alkaline solubilization exhibited a positive impact on various functional properties of CVPE. It enhanced solubility, water absorption capacity, foaming capacity and stability, as well as emulsifying activity and stability. However, there was a slight decrease in oil absorption capacity with increasing NaOH concentration. Notably, the maximum solubility, oil adsorption capacity, foaming capacity, and emulsion activity of CVPE were 2.3-, 1.8-, 2-, and 1.3-fold higher, respectively, than those of commercial soy protein isolate (SPI). This highlights the effectiveness of alkaline solubilization in modifying C. vulgaris protein and emphasizes the high potential of CVPE as a functional food ingredient.

Tilapia head gelatins to stabilize fish oil emulsions and the effect of extraction methods

The preparation and use of gelatins from fish by-products have attracted much attention in the field of food science. Herein, four types of tilapia head gelatins were extracted and characterized: hot water-pretreated gelatin (HWG), acetic acid-pretreated gelatin (AAG), sodium hydroxide-pretreated gelatin (SHG), and pepsin enzyme-pretreated gelatin (PEG). The gel strength values followed the order: PEG (74 ± 1 Bloom) > AAG (66 ± 1) > HWG (59 ± 1) > SHG (34 ± 1). The foaming properties, fish oil emulsion viscosity, emulsion activity, and emulsion stabilization ability followed this order: PEG > HWG ≥ AAG > SHG. The effect mechanisms of extraction methods and gelatin concentrations on the emulsion stability involved the interfacial tension, emulsion viscosity, and fat-binding capacity. This work provided important knowledge for analyzing the relations between the structure and function of gelatin. It also provided a high-value application method of fish wastes.

Physicochemical characteristics of tannia cocoyam (Xanthosoma sagittifolium) corm flour compared to flours and starches of other grains and tubers

Tannia cocoyam corm is a less popular pantropical carbohydrate source, whereas it has the potential to support food and nutrition security, especially in dry areas. Processing tannia cocoyam corm into flour can increase its use in various food products. This study aimed to determine the yield, nutrition, color, tap bulk density, water absorption capacity (WAC), oil absorption capacity (OAC), swelling capacity, and emulsion activity and stability of tannia cocoyam corm flour compared to sago starch, cassava flour and starch, mung bean starch, corn starch, wheat flour, rice and glutinous rice flours, and potato flour. The significant characteristics of tannia cocoyam corm flour were rather low in calories (dry basis), relatively high in WAC and swelling capacity, low in OAC, and showed emulsion activity and stability. Based on these data, it is suitable for use in mixed and processed food products that require juicy, elastic, and volume expansion characteristics; recommended for food products that are lower in calories and oil content; and can also help to maintain viscosity and form emulsions.

Performance and mechanism of organic solid-phase sediment composite plugging agent

The surface pipeline sediments of the Yingmai and Hade oil fields mainly contain substances such as asphalt and paraffin. The formation of sediment can increase the backpressure during pipeline transportation, and in severe cases, it can also lead to pipeline blockage. In order to solve this on-site situation, indoor experiments were conducted in the early stage, and an efficient organic unblocking system LXW was optimized and formulated. Based on this system, this article selects the wire mesh filtration method to evaluate the unblocking performance of LXW and on-site unblocking agents in the study and comparison of three evaluation methods. At the same time, based on the analysis of the chemical composition, microstructure, and melting point of organic sediments, from the perspectives of safety, environmental protection, and economic factors, further compares the performance and universality of the three unblocking systems, optimizes the process parameters of the LXW unblocking system, explores its stability and impact on the demulsification and dehydration of crude oil emulsions, and evaluates its safety performance. The LXW unblocking system has a more efficient unblocking effect and better universality, which can solve the problem of multiple block blockages on site. In addition, compared with existing unblocking agents, it has better economic benefits and is in line with the characteristics of low cost on site. On this basis, the dissolution and dispersion mechanism of the blockage system on sediment was studied through laser scattering system and fluorescence microscope, and its microscopic mechanism was further verified. At the same time, the oil-water interfacial tension under the action of the unblocking system was studied, and it was found that adding the agent can significantly reduce the equilibrium interfacial tension, which is of great significance for increasing production and injection.

One-step preparation of magnet-responsive amphiphilic nanoparticles for efficient oil collection

Waste oil collection is crucial for environmental protection. However, the preparation of magnet-responsive amphiphilic nanoparticles (NPs) for oil emulsification and collection generally involves multiple steps, greatly limiting their widespread applications. Here, magnet-responsive amphiphilic NPs are designed and prepared in a single step via co-precipitation and self-assembly. Upon rapid solvent exchange, shellac, poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and PLA-poly(ethylene glycol) (PLA-PEG) co-precipitate around Fe3O4 NPs, which serve as nuclei for the nucleation and growth of the magnet-responsive amphiphilic NPs. Each Fe3O4@PLA-PEG/shellac NP is consisted of two distinct bulbs, one hydrophobic shellac bulb and the other hydrophilic PLA bulb with PLA-PEG on the surface. The NPs show excellent amphiphilicity and performances in stabilizing oil-in-water and water-in-oil emulsions. By tuning the NP shape, the control of the oil/water interfacial curvature and thus the emulsion type has also been demonstrated. Once the oil phase is emulsified and stabilized by Fe3O4@PLA-PEG/shellac NPs, waste oil could effectively be collected by applying a magnetic field, showing good performances in waste oil removal. The method using magnet-responsive amphiphilic NPs presents a simple and green way for rapid and efficient oil collection and removal. In addition, the developed one-step strategy also provides a facile platform to prepare functional amphiphilic NPs for diverse applications, such as oil collection, drug delivery and bioimaging.

Doping heteroatoms to form multiple hydrogen bond sites for enhanced interfacial reconstruction and separations

Interfacial challenges in unconventional oil extraction include heavy oil–water–solid multiphase separation and corrosion inhibition. Herein, a novel strategy based on interfacial hydrogen bonding reconstruction is proposed for constructing multifunctional interfacially active materials (MIAMs) to address multi-interfacial separation needs. A simple one-pot method is applied to successfully synthesize four different MIAM varieties, integrating site groups (–NH2, OSO, –COOH, and Si–O–Si) with multiple hydrogen bonds (HBs) into allyl polyether chains. The results indicate that all synthesized MIAMs excel in demulsification, detergency, and corrosion inhibition simultaneously, even at 25 °C. Their dehydration efficiency for different water-in-oil emulsions (even heavy oil emulsion) surpasses 99.9 % even at 16 °C, showing their excellent energy-saving potential for field applications. Furthermore, they demonstrate effective, nondestructive static cleaning (up to 86 %) of adhered oil from solid surfaces at 25 °C and provide corrosion inhibition effects (up to 92.09 %) on mild steel immersed in saturated brine. Mechanistic tests reveal that incorporating multiple HB sites in MIAMs dramatically enhances their effectiveness in interfacial separations. Based on these findings, an HB-dominated noncovalent interaction reconstruction strategy is tentatively proposed to develop advanced materials for low-carbon, efficient interfacial separations.

Investigation of Wax-Deposit Thickness in Oil and Water Emulsions: Facing the Development Trend of Intelligent Pipeline Operation

Investigation of Wax-Deposit Thickness in Oil and Water Emulsions: Facing the Development Trend of Intelligent Pipeline Operation

Growth Inhibition of Botrytis cinerea Fungus on Strawberry (Fragaria sp.) Using Kaffir Lime (Citrus hystrix) Leaf Essential Oil Emulsion

Post-harvest damage is caused by biological factors such as the attack of Botrytis cinerea pathogenic fungi. causes gray mold rot disease to be a source of problems in strawberry production. This study aims to determine the potential of kaffir lime leaf essential oil emulsion as an antifungal against Botrytis cinerea. The fungus was isolated from strawberry fruit samples that showed symptoms of gray mold disease. Fungal isolation was carried out through the direct planting method and antifungal inhibitory ability test by food poisoned method with potato extract agar media. This experiment used a completely randomized design consisting of 6 treatments with 5 repetitions. The results showed that kaffir lime leaf essential oil emulsion contains secondary metabolites that can inhibit 100% of the growth of Botrytis cinerea pathogenic fungal colonies. Essential oil concentrations of 0.10%, 0.15%, and 0.20% had a significant effect on the growth of Botrytis cinerea pathogenic fungi.

Evaluation of Physical Characteristics and Impact of Germination on Functional Properties of Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.)

Background: Quinoa is a nutrient-dense pseudocereal with remarkable nutritional quality. It is a gluten-free crop that provides a balanced set of essential amino acids and possesses hypoglycemic and free fatty acid-lowering properties. Quinoa has gained popularity in the current era due to its tolerance to extreme weather conditions, nutritional composition and other industrial applications. Methods: The present study analyzed the physical and functional properties of quinoa using standard procedures and assessed the impact of germination on these properties. Germinated flour was developed by soaking quinoa seeds overnight and allowing for germination for 72 hours in an incubator at 20±2°C at 80-90% humidity. Germinated seeds were oven-dried at 60±2°C for 45 minutes, followed by grinding into flour and storing the flour in a dry and air-tight container for further analysis. Result: The study findings showed that quinoa seeds had good physical properties. All functional properties viz water absorption capacity, oil absorption capacity, emulsion and foaming properties of quinoa flour improved on germination except flour solubility. It is concluded that germination is a cost-effective processing technique for enhancing the functional properties of quinoa flour, so as to increase its industrial use for product development. Germinated quinoa flour can be utilized in the development of various infant formulas.

EVALUATION OF FLAXSEED OIL AND TRICHODERMA SPECIES AGAINST GREY MOLD DISEASE OF GRAPES

Grapes (Vitis vinifera L.) are included in vital crops in the world with respect to its nutritious and economic value. Botrytis grey mold, also called noble rot, harms grapes and wine quality caused by Botrytis cinerea. Other than chemicals Trichoderma species considered as important bio control agents for management of post-harvest diseases. The current study was designed to evaluate Trichoderma species for their Micoparasitic ability using a modification of a pre-colonized plate method. In-vitro efficacy of flaxseed oil against the Botrytis cinerea of grapes were determined using disc diffusion technique with different oil concentrations 0.2%, 0.6%, and 0.8%. In-vivo efficacy of most effective formulated and non-formulated Trichoderma concentrations was determined by applying on grape bunches against Botrytis cinerea. Trichoderma Harzianum is more effective and showed 67.5% growth inhibition than Trichoderma Viridae having 64% growth inhibition while flaxseed oil with 0.2%, o.6% and 0.8% concentrations showed 30.19%, 33.32% and 34.89% growth inhibition against botrytis cinerea respectively. In water-based Trichoderma concentrations (1×10⁸) showed maximum growth inhibition after 6 days that was 76.46%. However, it was observed that the percent disease severity index of the grape fruits in oil-based formulation showed 16 %, 20 %, and 18% after the 9 days of incubation whereas the water-based Trichoderma formulations showed 20%, 22%, 24% respectively as compared with control. Trichoderma species can be considered as bio-control agent while emulsion oil can be used for better shelf life.

Analysis of the Influence Mechanism of Nanomaterials on Spontaneous Imbibition of Chang 7 Tight Reservoir Core

This study investigates the impact of nanomaterials on different surfactant solutions. By measuring the parameters (including emulsification property, zeta potential, DLS, CA, IFT, etc.) of imbibition liquid system with nanoparticles and without nanoparticles, combining with imbibition experiments, the law and mechanism of improving the imbibition recovery of nanomaterials were obtained. The findings demonstrate that the nano-silica sol enhances the emulsification and dispersion of crude oil in the surfactant system, resulting in smaller and more uniform particle sizes for emulsified oil droplets. Non-ionic surfactant AEO-7 has the best effect under the synergistic action of nanomaterials. Zeta potential and DLS tests also showed that AEO-7 exhibits smaller particle sizes due to their insignificant electrostatic interaction with nanoparticles. Furthermore, the addition of nanomaterials enhances the hydrophilicity of core and reduces the interfacial tension. Under the synergistic action of nanoparticles, AEO-7 still showed the best enhanced core hydrophilicity (CA 0.61° after imbibition) and the lowest interfacial tension (0.1750 mN·m−1). In the imbibition experiment, the imbibition recovery of the system with nanomaterials is higher than that of the non-nanomaterials. The mixed system of AEO-7 and nano-silica sol ZZ-1 has the highest imbibition recovery (49.27%). Combined with the experiments above, it shows that nanomaterials have a good effect on enhancing the recovery rate of tight core, and the synergistic effect of non-ionic surfactant AEO-7 with nanomaterials is the best. Moreover, nanomaterials reduce adhesion work within the system while improving spontaneous imbibition recovery. These findings provide theoretical guidance for better understanding the mechanism behind nanomaterial-induced imbibition enhancement as well as improving tight oil’s imbibition recovery.

Comparative Investigation of pH-Dependent Availability of Pancreatic Enzyme Preparations In Vitro.

This study aimed to compare different pancreatic enzyme preparations (PEPs) available in Germany regarding particle geometry and size, and to evaluate enzyme activity under physiologically relevant conditions in vitro. Pancreatic endocrine insufficiency is characterized by deficiency of pancreatic enzymes resulting in maldigestion. It is orally treated by pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy. The formulations differ in their physical properties and enzyme release behavior, potentially resulting in inconsistent dosages and poor interchangeability of products. A total of 25 products were analyzed for particle size and number of particles per capsule. Enzyme activities of lipase, amylase, and protease were measured by digestion of olive oil emulsion, starch, and casein, respectively. To analyze enzyme release, gastric environments were simulated by incubating PEPs at pH 1, 4, or 5. Duodenal conditions were simulated by subsequent incubation at pH 6. Regarding physical properties and enzyme release kinetics, considerable differences between different PEPs were found. Furthermore, compared to the label claim, excess lipase activity was observed for most products, reaching up to 148%. These in vitro results suggest poor interchangeability of PEPs, potentially explained by physical and release characteristics. Physicians and patients should be aware of the potential gap between label claims and the real-life performance of different PEPs.

Study on modified graphene oxide-based emulsion cleaner for oily sludge

Abstract Oily sludge is a complex system that is inevitably generated during the process of oil extracting and processing. It will cause serious environmental pollution and waste of resources if untreated sludge is discharged. In this paper, a composite emulsion cleaner based on modified graphite oxide and surfactants was developed for cleaning oily sludge. First, graphite oxide (GO) was functionally modified with butylamine, and its structures were verified by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray electron spectroscopy (XPS), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and environmental scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Then, the oil-in-water composite emulsion cleaner was prepared by using butylamine modified graphite oxide and surfactants. The conditions for emulsion preparation and oil sludge cleaning were modelled and optimized by the response surface methodology. The obtained optimal formulations were: surfactant content was 2.17 ‰ with SDS/AEO-3 ratio of 9:1, GO-A4 content was 0.96 ‰, water-oil ratio was 5:5, and the oil removal rate was 97.45 %. The optimal cleaning conditions were: liquid-solid ratio of 3.2:1, cleaning time of 32 min, cleaning temperature of 28.7 °C, and oil removal rate of 99.02 %. The solid sediments were characterized by FTIR and SEM, which proved the feasibility of cleaning oily sludge with the emulsion.

Adsorption of Asphaltenes at Model Oil/Brine Interface: Influence of Solvent Polarity.

With the exploitation of heavy oil worldwide, the influence of asphaltene aggregation in the oil phase on the stability of crude oil emulsion has been paid more and more attention. Under this background, the effects of solvent polarity on model oil/brine water interfacial properties and emulsion stability are investigated in this study. It is demonstrated that there is a critical asphaltene concentration for the formation of a stable emulsion. This critical concentration is then found to increase from 80 to 500 ppm with the mixing ratio of methylnaphthalene to n-decane changed from 2:3 to 7:3. The dynamic light scattering experiment shows that the average aggregate size increases abruptly from 132.8 to 261.1 nm at 2:3 mixing ratio of methylnaphthalene to n-decane once the asphaltenes are added to above the critical concentration. Accordingly, the diffusion coefficient of the asphaltenes decreases sharply from 4.36 × 10-12 to 5.68 × 10-13 m2/s. Similar conclusions are also found for the other mixing ratios of 1:1, 3:2, and 7:3. Besides, the aggregation degree of asphaltenes weakens, and the diffusion coefficient enlarges at the same asphaltene concentration with the enhancement of the solvent polarity. Further, the interfacial experiments manifest that the equilibrium interfacial dilation modulus decreases from 38.42 to 23.65 mN/m with the mixing ratio of methylnaphthalene to n-decane increased from 2:3 to 7:3. It can thus be inferred that the structural strength of the interfacial film decreases with the enhancement of the solvent polarity.

Efficiency of novel polyionic liquid toward the chemical separation of petroleum crude oil emulsions

AbstractIn the present study, a new polyionic liquid, PEST‐BU, were synthesized and characterized using proton nuclear magnetic resonance, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, pendant drop technique, and thermal gravimetric analysis. The efficiency of PEST‐BU and its parent (PE‐ST) for separating petroleum crude oil emulsion was explored using several affecting parameters, including water ratio, separation time, pH, temperature, and demulsifier concentration. The results indicated that PEST‐BU exhibited higher separation efficiency (SE) than PE‐ST. In addition, the results revealed that the increased water ratio, separation time, temperature, and demulsifier concentration promoted the SE of PE‐ST and PEST‐BU. The data also showed that the optimal pH value to achieve maximum SE is 7; however, the SE of PE‐ST and PEST‐BU in acidic and basic mediums declined, possibly due to the increasing polarity of water droplets in these mediums, which increased electrostatic repulsion between them, increasing oil emulsion stability.

Influence of Varying Oil-Water Contents on the Formation of Crude Oil Emulsion and Its Demulsification by a Lab-Grown Nonionic Demulsifier.

This study describes how varying oil/water contents affect emulsion formation and the impact they have on emulsion droplet size, viscosity, and interfacial behavior. Crude oil (continuous phase) volume fractions of 40, 50, 60, and 70 vol % were probed in the various W/O emulsions formed. Experimental results from optical morphology revealed the emulsion droplets kept reducing as the crude oil fraction kept increasing, while the droplets were nearly unnoticeable in the emulsions derived from 60 and 70% crude oil. The viscosity-shear rate of emulsions produced from 40, 50, and 60 vol % crude oil exhibited a non-Newtonian behavior owing to the substantial volume of water content in their emulsions, whereas the viscosity-shear rate of the emulsion with 70 vol % crude oil exhibited a Newtonian behavior similar to the pure crude oil, suggesting a thorough blending of oil-water at this crude oil fraction. Besides, the viscosity-temperature measurements revealed that the viscosity of these emulsions diminished as the temperature increased and the viscosity reduction became more noticeable in an emulsion comprising 70 vol % crude oil. In the interfacial assessment, the increased crude oil content in the produced emulsion led to a sharp reduction in the interfacial tension (IFT). The IFT values after 500 s contacts between the emulsion and water (surrounding phase) were 11.86, 10.02, 8.08, and 6.99 mN/m for 40, 50, 60, and 70 vol % crude oil, respectively. Demulsification experiments showed that water removal becomes more challenging with a large volume of crude oil and a small water content. Demulsification performances of the lab-grown nonionic demulsifier (NID) after 10 h of demulsification activity at room temperature (25 °C) were 98, 90, 17.5, and 10% for the emulsions formed from 40, 50, 60, and 70 vol % crude oil, respectively, indicating that the demulsification degree decreases with an increasing crude oil content. Viscosity-time determination was applied to affirm the activity of NID on the emulsion formulated with a 50% crude oil fraction. The injection of NID in this emulsion triggered a sharp viscosity reduction, indicating the adsorption of NID at the oil-water interface and disruption of emulsifiers, enabling emulsion stability.

Sustainable nanodemulsifiers for enhanced demulsification of water and saline in crude oil emulsions: Synthesis and application

Nanoparticles have been used as important materials for various applications in the oil industry. Among these applications, the use of nanoparticles as demulsifiers has gained considerable attention. In this study, sustainable nanodemulsifiers including cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) and cellulose nanocrystals/PEG (CNC-PEG) composites derived from low-cost cotton, are synthesized. These demulsifiers were characterized by the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction spectra (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). The impact of various parameters, including demulsifier concentration, additives, salinity, demulsification time, temperature, and surfactant addition, on the performance of these demulsifiers was investigated. According to the results, the composite nanodemulsifier exhibited superior performance with a demulsification efficiency of 90%, outperforming CNC and PEG alone for both water and saline in crude oil emulsions. Also, the results indicated that by adding surfactant to these demulsifiers, the demulsification efficiency increased to 100%. These findings offer valuable insights into the development of sustainable and efficient demulsifiers for the oil industry.

Emulsification of Silicone Oils: Altering Factors and Possible Complications-A Narrative Review.

Background: Endotamponade of the vitreous body with silicone oil is a common procedure, being the basis of many vitreoretinal surgeries. However, emulsification may happen, which is a clinically relevant adverse event of silicone oil use. Methods: This review provides a thorough analysis of the emulsification process. It focuses on describing factors affecting this event as well as its possible subsequent complications. Results: The viscosity of silicone oil, the duration of emulsification, the status of the lens and many other factors have an influence on the onset and intensity of emulsification. This phenomenon carries several risks for operated eyes such as increased intraocular pressure, keratopathy or structural changes to the retina. Conclusions: The use of modern imaging techniques, especially optical coherence tomography, enables faster detection of the emulsification process. This allows for an adequate clinical response and more accurate follow-up of the patient.

Study on the Mechanism of Yadanzi Oil in Treating Lung Cancer Based on Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking Technology.

Brucea javanica oil emulsion (BJOE) is a compound Chinese medicine used for treating various cancers, such as lung cancer. However, the exact mechanism of its antilung cancer active ingredient remains unclear. This study aims to explore and validate the effective active ingredients and mechanism of action of BJOE in the treatment of lung cancer through network pharmacology, molecular docking technology, and cell experiments. The results showed that there were 13 active ingredients, 136 target genes, and 42 disease target-coexpressed genes in BJOE. The molecular docking results indicated that the main active components of the oil emulsion, YD1 (β-sitosterol), YD2 (luteolin), and YD3 (bruceitol), could stably bind to TP53 and MAPK1. Furthermore, the commercially available β-sitosterol luteolin was used as a representative compound to conduct cell experiments to verify its anticancer activity and mechanism. It was found that luteolin can inhibit the proliferation better than β-sitosterol and the activity of lung cancer cells by regulating the expression of related proteins through the P53/MAPK1 signaling pathway. This study combines network pharmacology prediction with experiments to demonstrate the "multicomponent, multitarget, multipathway" approach of B. javanica oil emulsion in treating lung cancer.

The Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory and Moisturizing Effects of Camellia oleifera Oil and Its Potential Applications.

Camellia oleifera oil (CO oil) extracted from C. oleifera seeds has a 2300-year consumption history in China. However, there is relatively little research regarding its non-edible uses. This study determined the physicochemical properties of CO oil extracted via direct pressing, identified its main components using GC-MS, and evaluated its antioxidant, moisturizing, and anti-inflammatory activities. The results revealed that CO oil's acid, peroxide, iodine, and saponification values were 1.06 ± 0.031 mg/g, 0.24 ± 0.01 g/100 g, 65.14 ± 8.22 g/100 g, and 180.41 ± 5.60 mg/g, respectively. CO oil's tocopherol, polyphenol, and squalene contents were 82.21 ± 9.07 mg/kg, 181.37 ± 3.76 mg/kg, and 53.39 ± 6.58 mg/kg, respectively; its unsaturated fatty acid (UFA) content was 87.44%, and its saturated fatty acid (SFA) content was 12.56%. CO oil also demonstrated excellent moisture retention properties, anti-inflammatory effects, and certain free radical scavenging. A highly stable CO oil emulsion with competent microbiological detection was developed using formulation optimization. Using CO oil in the emulsion significantly improved the formulation's antioxidant and moisturizing properties compared with those of the emulsion formulation that did not include CO oil. The prepared emulsion was not cytotoxic to cells and could reduce cells' NO content; therefore, it may have potential nutritional value in medicine and cosmetics.