Sunflower Oil Content Research Articles

Physical and sensory characteristics of cheese-flavored expanded snacks obtained using butyric acid and cysteine as aroma precursors: Effects of extrusion temperature and sunflower oil content

Pre-extrusion flavoring with butyric acid and cysteine, as aroma precursors, was used for production of cheese-flavored expanded corn-based snacks. The effects of extrusion temperature and sunflower oil sprinkled over the snacks on the physical and sensory characteristics of the products were evaluated. Both variables had influence on the expansion ratio, density, luminosity, yellow chromaticity and chroma, as well as on oil flavor, cheese odor, cheese flavor, salty taste, and umami taste (descriptive). Cheese flavor intensity (consumers) and oil odor and cereal flavor (descriptive) were influenced by sunflower oil, while yellow color, crispness and hardness (descriptive) were influenced by extrusion temperature. In terms of overall acceptability, all snacks, excepting that obtained at low extrusion temperature (91.8 °C) or that with no oil addition, showed similar acceptability. In this way, snacks with low oil content (i.e. 3.5%) may be considered as so preferred as snacks with 20.5% of sunflower oil. Therefore, the pre-extrusion flavoring with aroma precursors is feasible and a promising technology, because it allows the production of snacks with desirable physical and sensory characteristics, as well as better nutritive value, due to the low incorporation of lipids into the snacks sprinkled with the sunflower oil.

Effects of Deficit Irrigation on Yield and Oil Content of Sesame, Safflower, and Sunflower

The use of deficit irrigation (DI) management in growing crops tolerant of the semiarid conditions in West Texas may save irrigation without significant yield penalties. Field experiments were conducted at New Deal, TX, in 2017 and 2018 to determine the effects of four levels of DI (extreme, severe, moderate, and mild) on the seed yield, yield components, harvest index (HI), and oil content of three oilseed crops: sesame (Sesamum indicum L.), safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.), and sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). Combined irrigation and precipitation equivalent to 345 mm applied throughout the crop's life cycle was sufficient to maintain growth and development without significant penalties to the yield, yield components, HI, and oil content of the crops. Seed yields ranged from 1241 to 1359 kg ha−1 in sesame, 1365 to 1676 kg ha−1 in safflower, and 1174 to 3367 kg ha−1 in sunflower. Oil content of sesame ranged from 50.1 to 52.3%, oil content of safflower ranged from 35.4 to 39.5%, and oil content of sunflower ranged from 24.0 to 46.8%. Heavy precipitation from vegetative to reproductive stage caused favorable conditions for pest proliferation and damage to sunflower, highlighting a possible pitfall due to its pest susceptibility. Results demonstrate that sesame, safflower, and sunflower are potential low‐input oilseed crops that can grow under DI conditions without significant reductions to yield and oil content. In conjunction with economic evaluations, these results can be useful when developing or re‐assessing guidelines for optimal agronomic practices involving non‐traditional crops under reduced irrigation.Core Ideas Low water input can support acceptable growth and yield for oilseed crops. Oilseed crops acclimatize to water deficit conditions to maintain productivity. Deficit‐adapted crops thrive under low precipitation during growth. Deficit‐adapted crops can maintain productivity despite reduced water application.

Oil Phytosterol Concentration in Sunflower Presents a Dilution Response with Oil Weight per Grain

AbstractPhytosterols are plant sterols that present several benefits for human health. In crop species, such as sunflower, oil phytosterol concentration shows genetic and environmental variations. The reasons that cause such varied concentration of phytosterols in the oil are unknown. The aim of this work was to investigate the relationships between phytosterol concentration and composition and grain oil content in sunflower. Two sets of samples, with lines and hybrids grown in different environments in Argentina and Spain, were used to establish and validate the relationships between phytosterols and grain oil content. Oil phytosterol concentration decreased in both types of genotypes, lines, and hybrids, when oil content per grain increased. A dilution‐like relationship accounted for 82% of the variability in phytosterol concentration among genotypes and environments. Phytosterol concentration rapidly increased with oil contents lower than 11.4 mg per grain. This relationship was observed for total phytosterols and each type of the phytosterols analyzed. With low oil per grain, phytosterol composition varied, with higher proportions of β‐sitosterol and Δ7‐stigmastenol. The relationships established in this work could serve to design breeding and crop management strategies.

Effect of Irrigation Strategies on Yield of Drip Irrigated Sunflower Oil and Fatty Acid Composition and its Economic Returns

A field trial was conducted to observe the effects of different irrigation strategies on the yield and the water use, oil content and marginal return of sunflower which was irrigated by means of a drip system during 2010 and 2011 under Cukurova condition of Turkey. The irrigation strategies include three irrigation intervals (A1: 25 mm; A2: 50 mm; A3: 75 mm of cumulative pan evaporation) and six water levels (WL) based upon the percentages of cumulative pan evaporation (WL1= 0.50, WL2= 0.75, WL3= 1.00 and WL4= 1.25). In addition, WL5= PRD50 and WL6= PRD75 treatments were evaluated. They obtained water from alternative laterals 50% and 75% of the WL3 treatment. Additionally, a nonirrigated treatment (NI) was included as control plot in the experiment. In each of the experimental years, the largest and the smallest average yields were acquired from the A2WL4 and NI treatments, respectively. The oil content and fatty acid composition were significantly affected by irrigation strategies. The oil content increased with the increasing amount of irrigation. Among all irrigation intervals, PRD-50 (WL5) treatment provided the largest water use efficiency (WUE) and irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) values in both growing seasons. In order to attain higher yields and a generated the marginal return, A2WL4 irrigation regime is suggested for sunflower production in the Mediterranean region. A2WL3 water strategy is proposed for an acceptable marginal return in case of water shortage.

Enterobacter sp. strain Fs-11 adapted to diverse ecological conditions and promoted sunflower achene yield, nutrient uptake, and oil contents.

Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria are under extensive investigation to supplement the chemical fertilizers due to cost-effective and eco-friendly nature. However, their consistency in heterogeneous soil and diverse ecological settings is unclear. The current study presents in vitro and field evaluation of pre-characterized PGPR strain Enterobacter sp. Fs-11 (GenBank accession # GQ179978) in terms of its potential to enhance sunflower yield and oil contents under diverse environmental conditions. Under in vitro conditions, strain Fs-11 showed optimal growth at a range of temperature (15 to 40°C) and pH values (6.5 to 8.5). Extracellular and intracellular localizations of the strain Fs-11 in sunflower root cortical cells through transmission electron microscopy confirmed its epiphytic and endophytic colonization patterns, respectively. In field experiments, conducted at three different agro-climatic locations, inoculation of strain Fs-11 at 50% reduced NP fertilizer resulted in a significant increase in growth, achene yield, nutrient uptake, and oil contents. Inoculation also responded significantly in terms of increase in mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids (oleic and linoleic acids, respectively) without rising saturated fatty acid (palmitic and stearic acids) contents. We concluded that Enterobacter sp. Fs-11 is a potential candidate for biofertilizer formulations to supplement chemical fertilizer requirements of sunflower crop under diverse climatic conditions.

GOAT MANURE FERTILIZATION AND IRRIGATION ON PRODUCTION COMPONENTS OF SUNFLOWER

ABSTRACT Sunflower can be an economically viable crop in the Northeast region of Brazil depending on the use of appropriate irrigation and fertilization managements. The objective of this work was to evaluate production components of sunflower plants (Helianthus annuus L.) of the BRS-324 cultivar subjected to different organic fertilizer rates (goat manure) and irrigation water depths in two crop cycles (November 2014 to February 2015; and August to November 2015). The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design with a split-split-plot arrangement, consisting of five organic fertilizer rates (OFR) (0, 300, 600, 900, and 1.200 mL plant-1 week-1) and five irrigation water depths (IWD) (33; 66; 100; 133, and 166% of the class A tank evaporation), with three blocks. The highest achene yield (1,220.78 kg ha-1) in the first cycle was found using OFR of 1,200 mL plant-1 week-1 and IWD of 134.9% (524.9 mm); and the highest yield (882.07 kg ha-1) in the second crop cycle was found using the highest OFR combined with IWD of 166% (843.0 mm). The use of goat manure as organic fertilizer had no effect on the sunflower oil content; however, this variable was affected by the irrigation water depths used. Protein content was higher in the second crop cycle (14%) when using IWD of 100% and OFR of 536 mL plant-1 week-1.

Correlation and Path Coefficient Analysis for Morphological and Biochemical Parameters in Sunflower (Helianthus Annuus L.)

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the best performing lines in sunflower on the basis of phenotypic and genotypic correlation so that we can find out the which trait directly or indirectly effect the yield and quality of the sunflower because being an breeder our main aim is yield and quality and the lines which are performing best can be further used in the breeding programs. Sunflower is a valuable oil producing crop because it contains good quality oil composition and can be grown twice in a year. There is scarcity of oil in our country so that there is requisite to heighten the yield of sunflower in order to exploit its share in oilseed sector. The study was conducted at the research field of Rajawala farm, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad during year 2015–16 to study the correlation among yield related traits, oil and protein content in Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). 20 sunflower lines were sown in randomized complete block design with three replications. Data was assessed at maturity for plant height, leaves per plant, leaf area, head diameter, internode length, 100-achene weight, achene yield per plant, oil contents and protein contents. Genotypic and phenotypic correlation was estimated among these traits. The recorded data was subjected to statistical analysis of variance, correlation and path coefficient analysis. The line G-16 showed best performance for leaf area, head diameter and achene yield per plant. Line G-20 was good in 100 achene weight. The above mentioned lines could be used in future breeding programs for effective improvement in yield of sunflower. This data was helpful to select superior lines and these lines may also be used in further hybridization program to get better yield, oil and protein contents.

Heat-induced gelation of micellar casein/plant protein oil-in-water emulsions

The heat-induced gelation of oil-in-water emulsions stabilised by mixtures of micellar caseins (MC) and plant proteins (PLP) was investigated in order to assess the potential of PLP to replace milk proteins for the development of novel food products. The aim of this work was to investigate how the heat-induced gelation of MC/PLP oil-in-water emulsions is affected by sunflower oil content (0, 5, 10 and 15% w/w) and total protein content in the aqueous phase (C; from 1 to 4% w/w) at different protein compositions (MC/PLP = 100/0 to 0/100) and pH 5.8. Two types of PLP were used: soy proteins (SP) and pea proteins (PP). Storage moduli (G') were measured during heating ramps from 20 to 90 °C and heat-induced gelation was characterised by an increase in G' at a gelation temperature (Tg). The gel stiffness (Gel) was determined after 1 h at 90 °C and the microstructure of the emulsion gels was observed by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Tg increased when an increasing fraction of MC was replaced by SP or PP, due to binding of calcium to PLP. Tg decreased with increasing oil content in the MC/PLP emulsions mainly up to 10% w/w oil, explained by protein interactions at the oil-water interface. Generally, MC could be successfully replaced by PLP while maintaining the same Gel. Gel increased with increasing oil content, suggesting that oil droplets acted as active fillers in the emulsion gels, which was confirmed by CLSM images. Gel slightly increased with increasing C from 1 to 4% w/w. It was also shown that PLP can be used instead of whey proteins in MC/whey protein oil-in-water emulsions while maintaining the same Gel.

Margarinnal kapcsolatos preferenciák vizsgálata egyetemista fogyasztók körében

Kutatásunk középpontjában a diszkrét választási kísérlet alkalmazhatóságának vizsgálata volt, az élelmiszerekkel (jelen esetben margarinnal) kapcsolatosan. A módszertan hatékonyságának felmérése mellett szerettünk volna képet kapni arról, hogyan is ítélnek meg a hazai fogyasztók egy olyan egészség szempontjából megosztó terméket, mint a margarint. Azaz milyen tulajdonságokat várnak el és melyek azok, amelyek növelik/csökkentik hasznosságérzetüket. Továbbá ezek összhangban vannak-e a civilizációs megbetegedések megelőzésével. A válaszok megtalálásához a Debreceni Egyetem Gazdaságtudományi Karának hallgatói körében vittük végig a diszkrét választás kísérletét, a szakirodalomban leírt részletességgel. Modellünk becslései, a módszertan jelen területen történő sikeres alkalmazhatóságát igazolják. A kapott eredmények alapján, a zsír és sótartalom növekedésével arányosan csökken a fizetési hajlandóság (WTP), az előzetes elvárásokkal ellentétben a fogyasztói hasznosságérzetet nem befolyásolja jelentős mértékben a napraforgóolaj tartalom. A nyert információkból hasonló konzekvenciára jutottunk, mint a bevezetőben hivatkozott irodalmak szerzői. Következtetésünk szerint a mintában szereplő fogyasztók között részben jelen van az egészségtudatosság és a civilizációs megbetegedések megelőzését szolgáló döntéseket hozzák meg választásaik során. Kutatásunk korlátai között említést kell tenni újfent arról, hogy a tanulmány elsődleges célja a módszertan tesztelése volt, a bevont minta nem reprezentatív, így az eredmények nem alkalmasak általánosításra. Emellett az alkalmazott modell magyarázóereje (R^2) csekély. Ezen tényezőkből adódóan, jövőbeni kutatási irányokat jelenthet egy reprezentatív minta vizsgálata, valamint további modellek tesztelése. JEL-kódok: I12, M31

Effect of Sulphur Application on Growth, Oil Content and Yield of Sunflower

Effect of Sulphur Application on Growth, Oil Content and Yield of Sunflower

Magnitude and Nature of Gene Effects Controlling Oil Content and Quality Components in Sunflower (Helianthus Annuus L.)

Abstract The present research aimed to study gene effects for oil content and fatty acid composition in sunflower. It involved a set of 92 hybrids developed by crossing four CMS lines with 23 perfect restorers. Experiment was conducted at experimental field area of Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India. The data was recorded on oil content and quality traits. The analysis of variance revealed significant differences among the traits studied. Among the lines; CMS 42A was observed to have higher significant positive gca effects for oil content, linoleic acid & linolenic acid and higher significant negative gca effects for palmitic acid and stearic acid, whereas, for oleic acid line, CMS 40A had higher positive gca effects. Among the testers, TSG 275 had higher significant positive gca effects for linolenic acid and significant negative gca effects for stearic acid. High positive gca effects for oleic acid and oil content were observed for TSG 331. The tester OPH 91 was good combiner with high positive gca effects for oleic acid and negative gca effects for palmitic acid, whereas, tester TSG 288 exhibited highest positive gca effects for linoleic acid. The best cross combinations; CMS 40A×TSG 259, CMS 607A×TSG 271 and CMS 40A×OPH 73 showed significant specific combining ability effects for oil content and cross CMS 40A×TSG 289 had significant specific combining ability for oleic acid and linoleic acid. The cross combination CMS 40A×TSG 259 is giving a significant jump of over 12 % against the current commercial check for oil percentage and for other quality traits more than 50 % over the standard check, which is significant for undertaking improvement of hybrid for oil quality.

Effects of lipids on the water sorption, glass transition and structural strength of carbohydrate-protein systems

Encapsulant systems are gaining wide practical interest due to their functional and nutritional properties. This paper was focusing on understanding structural relaxations in that systems near glass transition temperature. Freeze-dried trehalose-whey protein isolate-sunflower oil systems with various ratios of the last were used as a carbohydrate-protein-lipid food model. The Guggenheim-Anderson-de Boer (GAB) water sorption relationship was used as a tool to model water sorption isotherms. The glass transition temperature was obtained by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Structural α-relaxation temperatures were measured by dynamical mechanical analyses (DMA), dielectric analysis (DEA) and combined to cover a broad range for strength assessment. The microstructure was characterized by optical light microscopy, confocal laser scanning microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The C1 and C2 constants for Williams-Landel-Ferry (WLF) equation and structural strength parameter were calculated for each system. The effect of sunflower oil and water contents on strength of carbohydrate-protein system was analyzed. Strength shows decreasing with increasing of lipid concentration in the mixtures and more complex dependence on the water content in a system.

Rapid Phenotyping of Seed Oil Content

Rapid Phenotyping of Seed Oil Content

Effect of black cumin oil on the oxidative stability and sensory characteristics of mayonnaise.

Mayonnaise is one of the most commonly used sauces all over the world but it is vulnerable to oxidation because of its high oil content. Using natural antioxidants instead of synthetic ones is a popular and promising topic in the food industry. The aim of this study was to increase the oxidative stability of mayonnaise using cold-pressed black cumin oil (BCO), which has high antioxidant activity due to its phenolic content. Four different mayonnaise formulations were used: Mayo-Control, Mayo-5% BCO, Mayo-10% BCO, and Mayo-20% BCO, which refer to a 0 (control), 5, 10, and 20% BCO replacement of total sunflower oil content, respectively. Thymoquinone content of the mayonnaises including BCO increased with the increasing BCO ratios. At the end of the storage for 4weeks at 20°C, peroxide values of Mayo-Control, Mayo-5% BCO, Mayo-10% BCO, and Mayo-20% BCO samples were recorded as 36.07±1.51, 26.76±0.67, 25.60±0.57, and 17.66±1.93meq O2/kg oil, respectively. The conjugated diene and triene values of the mayonnaises prepared by adding BCO were lower than those of the control group during storage. Overall acceptability of Mayo-5% BCO in sensory analysis was higher than that of Mayo-Control. Using BCO in mayonnaise improved its oxidative stability and flavor.

EFFECT OF DIETARY INCLUSION OF RÜMANOL ML VEGETABLE FAT ON FATTENING HYBRID TURKEY BROILERS

The effect of substitution of dietary sunflower oil with vegetable fat Rümanol ML in compound feeds of turkey broilers on production and slaughter traits was investigated. To this end, two groups with 75 male broiler turkeys, one day-old, with equal body weight were formed (control and experimental) and reared throughout 16 weeks. Six-phase feeding was applied-starter І (0-3 week), starter ІІ (4-6 week), starter ІІІ (7-8 week), grower І (9-10 week), grower ІІ (11-12 week) and finisher (13-16 week). During those periods, the control group was fed rations with sunflower oil content of 3 %, 4 %, 5 %, 7 % and 8 %, respectively, whereas the experimental group-rations with feed fat Rümanol ML at the same amount as sunflower oil. The results from the experiment demonstrated that Rümanol ML used as alternative of dietary sunflower oil in turkey broilers feeds had a positive effect on the live weight during the finisher period and the weight gain throughout the entire rearing period manifested by statistically significant increase by 7.13 % and 7.17 % (p<0.001) respectively and improved feed conversion by 2.5 %. Slaughter analysis showed higher absolute values of the grill weight by 9.8 % and of breast by 10.28 % and no effect on slaughter yield and the share of valuable cuts (breast, legs, wings). The integral evaluation of replacing sunflower oil in compounds feeds for turkey poults with feed fat Rümanol ML on the basis of EPEF showed better performance by 16.64 %.

Impact of Plant Density and Humic Acid Application on Yield, Yield Components and Nutrient Uptakes of Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) Grown in a Newly Reclaimed Soil

A study was carried out as field experiments at Demo experimental station, Fayoum district in summer seasons 2015 and 2016 to investigate the effects of plant density and humic acid soil application on oil content, nutrient uptakes, vegetative growth and yield of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) plants. A split plot layout within a randomized completely blocks design with 3 replications were used. Three treatments of plant density i.e., D1=47,619 plant/ha-1 (0.7x0.3 m), D2=71,428 plant/ha-1 (0.7x0.2 m) and D3= 95,238 plant/ha-1 (0.7x0.15 m) were placed in the main plots. The subplot treatments were 5 levels (0.0, 1.25, 2.5, 3.75 and 5 kg ha-1) of humic acid. The results indicated that the plant density D1 gave the highest values of plant height, number of leaves plant-1, leaf, stem and head dry weights plant-1 and seed yield plant-1. However, the plant density D2 recorded the highest seed yield ha-1. Both plant densities (D1) and (D2) surpassed D3 concerning on values of leaf and seed (N, P, K, Mg, Mn, Zn and Fe) uptakes. Soil addition of humic acid at rate of 5 kg ha-1 significantly produced the highest values of growth parameters, yield, its components as well as oil content and nutrient uptakes in both seasons. The highest sunflower seed yield was obtained when plant density was 71.428 plant ha-1 (D2) and treated with 5 kg ha-1 of humic acid as a soil application.

Combining ability studies in restorer lines of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)

The restorer lines are used to get fertile hybrids in hybrid seed production system of sunflower. Improve-ment of R-lines for fertility and oil content of sunflower is required to get desirable hybrids upon crossing. In the pre-sent study, 6 restorer lines were crossed in full diallele and both direct and reciprocal crosses along with parents were evaluated for their combining ability. The analysis of variance revealed higher magnitude of SCA variance than GCA variance for all the characters studied except for days to 50 per cent flowering. Among six parents, GMU -520 and R-GM-41 were best general combiner for plant height, head diameter, test weight and leaf size in the desired direction. However, GMU-520 has advantage of yield per plant and oil content. From 15 direct crosses R-GM-41 x R -GM-49 exhibited significant specific combining ability for viz., days to 50 per cent flowering (-1.08), plant height (13.69), head diameter (4.79), leaf size (0.74), yield per plant (17.14), volume weight (2.54), test weight (1.75) and oil content (0.34) followed by RCR-630 x GMU-520, R-GM-41 x EC-602060, R-GM-49 x GMU-520 and EC-602060 x GMU-520 each exhibiting good specific combining ability for majority of characters. Among reciprocal crosses R-GM -41 x RCR-8 exhibited a high reciprocal effects for head diameter (4.57), yield per plant (15.16), test weight (2.02) and leaf size (0.75).

Progress in modification of sunflower oil to expand its industrial value.

Increasing the sunflower seed oil content as well as improving its quality makes it compatible for industrial demands. This is an important breeding objective of sunflower which increases its market value and ensures high returns for the producers. The present review focuses on determining the progress of improving sunflower seed oil content and modifying its quality by empirical and advanced molecular breeding methods. It is known that the sunflower oil content and quality have been altered through empirical selection methods and mutation breeding programmes in various parts of the world. Further improvement in seed oil content and its components (such as phytosterols, tocopherols and modified fatty acid profile) has been slowed down due to low genetic variation in elite germplasm and complex of hereditary traits. Introgression from wild species can be carried out to modify the fatty acids profile and tocopherol contents with linkage drags. Different transgenes introduced through biotechnological methods may produce novel long-chain fatty acids within sunflower oil. Bio-engineering of sunflower oil could allow it to be used in diverse industrial products such as bio-diesel or bio-plastics. These results showed that past and current trends of modifying sunflower oil quality are essential for its further expansion as an oilseed crop. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.

Morphological Characterization of Sunflower Under Organic Fertilization and Seed Oil Content and Yield Pie

AbstractThis study aimed to evaluate the morphology of sunflower productivity and oil content of seeds and sunflower cake, cv. Helium 250, subjected to doses of organic manure on dryland. The design was a randomized block with six treatments and four blocks and nine observations. Treatments consisted of manure levels: T1 - without adding manure, T2 – 7.5 t ha

Combining ability for seed yield, its components and oil content in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)

Combining ability for seed yield, its components and oil content in sunflower (<i>Helianthus annuus</i> L.)