GOAT MANURE FERTILIZATION AND IRRIGATION ON PRODUCTION COMPONENTS OF SUNFLOWER

Francisca Robevania Medeiros Borges,Jilson De Nazaré José Adriano,Elísia Gomes Ramos,Albanise Barbosa Marinho,Francisco Marcus Lima Bezerra

doi:10.1590/1983-21252019v32n121rc

Abstract

ABSTRACT Sunflower can be an economically viable crop in the Northeast region of Brazil depending on the use of appropriate irrigation and fertilization managements. The objective of this work was to evaluate production components of sunflower plants (Helianthus annuus L.) of the BRS-324 cultivar subjected to different organic fertilizer rates (goat manure) and irrigation water depths in two crop cycles (November 2014 to February 2015; and August to November 2015). The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design with a split-split-plot arrangement, consisting of five organic fertilizer rates (OFR) (0, 300, 600, 900, and 1.200 mL plant-1 week-1) and five irrigation water depths (IWD) (33; 66; 100; 133, and 166% of the class A tank evaporation), with three blocks. The highest achene yield (1,220.78 kg ha-1) in the first cycle was found using OFR of 1,200 mL plant-1 week-1 and IWD of 134.9% (524.9 mm); and the highest yield (882.07 kg ha-1) in the second crop cycle was found using the highest OFR combined with IWD of 166% (843.0 mm). The use of goat manure as organic fertilizer had no effect on the sunflower oil content; however, this variable was affected by the irrigation water depths used. Protein content was higher in the second crop cycle (14%) when using IWD of 100% and OFR of 536 mL plant-1 week-1.

Highlights

The BRS-324 sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) cultivar was developed by the Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation and partners
Oil content was affected by the interaction between crop cycles and irrigation water depths; and protein content was affected by the interactions between crop cycles and water depths, and between organic fertilizer rates and water depths
The highest estimated achene yields of sunflower plants of the BRS-324 cultivar in the first cycle was found with organic fertilizer rates (OFR) of 800 mL plant-1 week-1 and 1,200 mL plant-1 week-1, with irrigation water depths of 120% to 166% of the class A tank evaporation (CAE), presenting the highest yield of 1,220.78 kg ha-1

Summary

Introduction

The BRS-324 sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) cultivar was developed by the Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation and partners. This cultivar has crop cycles between 80 and 100 days, seeds (achenes) with high oil content (45% to 49%), 1,000-achene weight of 50 to 65 g, and average achene yield of 1,500 kg ha-1 in the South, Central West, and Northeast regions of Brazil (CARVALHO et al, 2013). According to Soares and Galbiati (2012), residues from animal production are potential organic fertilizers for agriculture, which can total or partially reduce the use of synthetic fertilizers, reducing production costs, maximizing productivity (SOUSA et al, 2013), and decreasing water consumption (FREIRE et al, 2011). According to Malavolta et al (2002), goat manure has a better structure (more solid and much less aqueous) than bovine or swine manures, generating better aeration and faster fermentation; it can be used in agriculture after a shorter decomposition period

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