Ofthe State Research Articles

Korrupsiyasiz jamiyat farovon

This article talks about corruption, which has become a global problem at the world leveltoday, which plunges society and people into the mire of crime, which seriously threatens the security ofthe state, and measures to effectively mitigate it, as well as to prevent it.

New Mexican school and healthy life: physical activity and sports in Sonora

Objective: to describe the methodology that was carried out for the design of the project "Physical Activity and Sport in Educational Extension" and the characteristics of body composition, physical capacity, basic movement patterns and sense of belonging of the students. first, second and third grade schoolchildren attached to a federal elementary school of the Secretary of Public Education of the state of Sonora, in Mexico to participate in the project. The sample consisted of 95 boys and girls from third to sixth grade with an age between 6 and 12 years. Prior to the implementation of the project, an evaluation of body composition, physical capacity, basic movement patterns (BMP) and sense of belonging was carried out. Results: 17.9% (f = 17) are overweight and 14.7% (f = 14) are obese. The data showed that 24.3% (f = 26) sleep the recommended hours. The physical and sports activity that they perform the most is running (31.6%; f = 30). Contribution: The results obtained will help in the planning, redesign, action and control in the contents of the projects of the Physical Education teachers in Educational Extension associated with the project.

Awareness on universal basic education policy and out of school children phenomenon in Nigeria

Basic education policy in Nigeria is free, universal and compulsory for the first nine years of schooling. The policy envisaged a drastic reduction in the reluctance of parents/guardians towards basic education in parts of Nigeria where the pursuit of qur’anic education remained predominant. So far, the free education programme had yielded less than desirable results as the number of Out of School Children (OOSC) remain largely and increasingly unacceptable, thus necessitating a study that investigated stakeholders’ perspectives on the extent to which awareness and the participation in schooling amongst school age children has been achieved. Hence, the level of awareness and how stakeholders’ perspectives may be impacting on universal basic education policy implementation vis-à-vis out of school children phenomenon in Nigeria were examined. In fulfilling the objective of the study, the respondents’ perspectives were obtained through a multi-stage sampling technique. The selection of the state was purpose driven; hence purposive sampling of Kano State, and within Kano metropolis, North-western Nigeria, all the four Local government within the metropolis namely: Taurani, Fegge, Nasarawa and Kano Municipal Council were Local Education Authorities -LEAs were purposively selected. Further, 30 facilitators of qur’anic schools who were selected from each of the 4 LEAs in Kano metropolis amounting to 120 facilitators (respondents) that were sampled, and a structured questionnaire was administered to them. Findings revealed a high level of awareness of stakeholders on the consequences of non-schooling. However, it was inferred that the aged facilitators of the qur’anic schools could affect the effort and process of integrating basic education programmes into the qur’anic schools thus exacerbating the exclusion of children from the formal education worsening OOSC phenomenon. Recommendations were made as follows: that qur’anic school, class-size, class-management and facilitations processes should be standardized, to enhance curriculum integration and inclusiveness. Moreover, enlightenment of stakeholders be intensified

40 years of research into children’s irony comprehension

Abstract Children’s ability to understand irony is believed to be acquired late compared to other pragmatic skills. To explore this assertion, this article presents a review of four decades of research, to determine the age at which children actually do become capable of understanding ironic utterances, and what the crucial influencing factors are. As this systematic examination of the state of research shows, children do indeed seem to gain an understanding of irony later than other forms of non-literal language. In seeking an explanation for this finding, this article discusses the methodological orientation of previous research. It might be that the predominant use of offline methods, especially metalinguistic judgment tasks, paints a somewhat distorted picture of children’s irony comprehension. The article therefore argues for the use of eye-tracking, and a re-examination of the thesis of late acquisition of irony comprehension in children in the near future.

Analysis of Financial Education in university students from a university in Southern Sonora

Talking about financial education today is more common, credits, exchange rates, solvency, liquidity are terms that people of adulthood often use, this research was carried out with students from a public University in the South of the State de Sonora specifically with the students of Industrial and Systems Engineering, an instrument was applied to them that is composed of 52 items that include 36 multiple choice questions, 8 about their opinions and decisions and 8 questions about sociodemographic data, it was applied to a sample of 170 subjects. The results with the greatest impact, it was found that the level of financial education is low, that the youngest subjects and those who have never worked have a lower level than those who have been part of the population economically for more years active, women denoted a lower level of financial literacy and the category with the lowest score was the one that has to do with investments

Assessment of the effectiveness of innovative activities of enterprises in the West Kazakhstan region

The article provides a comprehensive analysis of the level of innovativedevelopment of the West Kazakhstan region, and examines the importance of innovation ingeneral for improving the competitiveness of the region. A prerequisite for the development ofthe state’s innovation economy as a whole is the analysis of innovative and spatial regionalindicators of its individual regions. Therefore, the article provides a comprehensive analysisof the dynamic indicators of enterprises in the West Kazakhstan region for the introduction ofinnovations and implementation of innovative activities. In addition, the costs of producingproduct and technological innovations for each region located in the western region have beenstudied comparatively. Using the induction method of research, the innovative activity of theregion was calculated. Based on the results obtained, the main problems and constraints for thedevelopment of innovative activity were identified. The innovative activity of enterprises in theWest Kazakhstan region was evaluated, and ways of its sustainable and effective development inthe future were proposed.

Կիլիկիայի դասերը. մաս առաջին / Lessons of Cilicia: Part One

The model of Cilician Armenia, as a single system of the most important components of the life of the state, is still waiting for its analyst and researcher. The history of the three-century life of Cilician Armenia is a unique example and the study of its external and internal environment, especially in terms of economic management and relations with the outside world, can revive very important and valuable ideas, which are in the context of today's trends in state governance. In addition, with some contemporary adjustments, it can be localized in Armenia, as a positive and suitable experience. A flexible foreign diplomatic policy and a realistic military-political concept, a new culture of coexistence of the internal and external environment, a program of reforms in the economy and especially in the field of trade, strategic and tactical victories - all this, in the presence of such neighboring countries, which, to put it mildly, were not enthusiastic about the unexpected emergence of the state With its creation, Cilicia seemed to begin mixing the active "game cards" of regional players. The paper attempts to publicly explain the logic of such actions of Cilician Armenia and the issues arising from themtrying to remain within the most visible common features with modern Armenia.

Global china, (former) Yugoslavia, and socialism

This article grounds the study of socialism in the People?s Republic of China (PRC), in a critical analysis of power, capitalism, and hegemony. The governance of the Communist Party of China (CPC) is riddled with paradoxes in shaping a distinct socialist model that observers from the West frequently find challenging to digest. It is characterized by both inclusive institutional innovation and authoritarian coercion; leveraging the power of the state in achieving more just economic outcomes while reproducing unfair capitalist social realities; and devising alternatives to the hegemonic neoliberal globalization, while working on safeguarding the status quo and the institutions upon which such hegemony rests. This complex Chinese model is a product of experimentation and learning; some of the lessons that have shaped it originate in the interaction with and reflection on socialist Yugoslavia, whose example has been pivotal in how China has navigated geopolitical complexities and implemented reforms. Finally, the article discusses the contemporary interactions between Yugoslav successor states and China, examining the nature of the impact of Global China and examine any implications for the reflection on socialism in former Yugoslavia.

It doesn’t only hurt the body: Legal protection against non-physical domestic violence in Hungary

Psychological abuse is usually the firstmanifestation of violence to appear and it is often atleast as difficultfor victimsto endure and process as physical abuse. In this article, the authors attempt to present the means by which Hungarian law, primarily criminal law, takes up the fight against non-physical abuse as a part of domestic violence and the possible directions of legal development in this respect. In this field, they analyze the independent criminal offense of domestic violence and the related social attitudes and introduce the legal instrument ofthe restraining order. Finally,the authorsformulate proposalsin orderto increase the effectiveness ofthe state’s fight against domestic violence.

PROPOSED BOARD OF PUBLIC DEBT BURDEN ASSESSMENT

The financial situation of any country is highlighted by the level of its deficit. It is difficult to imagine a state that is not involved in the problem of having a deficit budget. There are various sources of financing the deficit of the state budget, but the most applicable is the involvement of foreign loans, which ultimately increases the burden of the state debt. Effective management of public debt is important in the context of financial management. In the article, the authors used the external debt/export ratio tool to evaluate the RA state debt, one of the debt evaluation coefficients used by the World Bank for the classification of borrower countries. The results of the reanalysis based on the mentioned methodology allows us to note that, in general, the debt ratio of RA was in the "acceptable" range specified by the World Bank in the considered periods, except for the "horrific" range recorded in 2009, 2016 and 2021, the causal interpretation of which was presented in the article.

Rop diversification pattern in Haryana: A comparative study of organic and inorganic farmers

The adoption of organic farming helps increase agriculture's profitability, enhancing food'snutritional value and sustaining the health of soils, ecosystems, and people. It became popularin Haryana during the recent period. The present study analyses the salient features of the adop-tion process of organic farming, and its impact on cropping patterns, crop combinations, anddiversification. It is a primary data-based comparative study of organic and inorganic farmers ofthe state. The data has been collected from 234 farm households with the help of a structured questionnaire. The study analyses the main factors in the adoption of organic farming in the state.The comparisons of cropping patterns, crop combination, and crop diversification have been doneby applying statistical techniques such as the Doi method, and Herfindahl Index. The study bringsout that farmers having small land holdings but higher education levels prefer organic farming.Though organic farming is carried out at a small scale in the state, it has been pursued earnestly asabout half of the organic farmers devote more than three-fourths of their land to this form offarming. Organic farmers are found to grow a larger number of crops and have quite a diversified cropping pattern compared to inorganic farmers. There is a perceptible difference in this regard inorganic farming across agro-ecological regions. The lesser irrigated mixed-crop region has muchmore diversified than the wheat-rice region of the eastern parts of the state.

Stabilizing the Laughlin state of light: Dynamics of hole fractionalization

Particle loss is the ultimate challenge for preparation of strongly correlated many-body states of photons. An established way to overcome the loss is to employ a stabilization setup that autonomously injects new photons in place of the lost ones. However, as we show, the effectiveness of such a stabilization setup is compromised for fractional quantum Hall states. There, a hole formed by a lost photon can separate into several remote quasiholes none of which can be refilled by injecting a photon locally. By deriving an exact expression for the steady-state density matrix, we demonstrate that isolated quasiholes proliferate in the steady state which damages the quality of the state preparation. The motion of quasiholes leading to their separation is allowed by a repeated process in which a photon is first lost and then quickly refilled in the vicinity of the quasihole. We develop the theory of this dissipative quasihole dynamics and show that it has diffusive character. Our results demonstrate that fractionalization might present an obstacle for both creation and stabilization of strongly-correlated states with photons.

A Magyarország területén élő nemzetiségek politikai képviselete a nemzeti önkormányzati választásokon és az országgyűlési választásokon való részvétel tükrében

The political representation of minorities within a nation-state is a task that has always posed a great challenge to countries with substantial ethnic minorities, since both the hardships of establishing an adequate legislative environment, both the sensitivity of the subject make it exceedingly difficult for the legislator to develop a sufficient system. The issue of the proper representation of those 13 recognised minorities that are considered constituent components ofthe state were part of Hungary’s political history since the regime change, and for a rather long period of time it seemed that the adequate solution for their political representation was the local governmental system of ethnic minorities. Since 2011 however, the electoral system makes it possible for ethnic minorities to be represented within the Hungarian Parliament as well, which raises the question of whether this will shift the attention of the affected minority groups from the local self-governments towards the parliamentary representation. In this paper, after reviewing the changes within the legislative environment and – in close connection with that – the problems surrounding the issue of political representation of ethnic minorities, I will attempt to answer this emerging question through a brief analyses based on the turnout-data regarding the 2014 and the 2019 elections local governmental elections.

Quantization and Pipelined Hardware Implementation of Deep Neural Network Models

Inrecent years, Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) have garnered much interest due toadvances in computational power and data availability. Indeed, DNNs presents a considerable advantage in several challenges, suchas classification problems and video analysis. Although, such accomplishmentleads to significantly increasing energy demands, computational expenses, andmemory capacity. In addition, current efficient DNNs may have more complex andextensive structures. As a result, implementing these huge models on embedded systems with limited sources ischallenging. However, several works have attempted to solve the implementationissues while maintaining optimum accuracy. Among these ideas is compressing themodel size using the quantization method and deploying it on FieldProgrammable Gate Arrays (FPGA) to enhance the latency and minimize the energy cost. This article presents a modeloptimizer using quantization methods to ensure the model hardware implementation.This optimizer compresses the model size and is integrated with a design flowthat implements the model on the hardware. Furthermore, this article presents"DNN2FPGA," a design flow that can automatically implement the DeepLearning models on FPGA by producing pipelined HDL codes. This articleindicates an excellent performance by decreasing the model's size and latencyby 4x while maintaining the model's accuracy. It also presents a full review ofthe state of the art.

Evaluation of the ICT Impact on the Level of Women's Participation in the Online Market of Kazakhstan

The aim of this study is to assess the impact of information and communication technologies (ICT)on the level of women participation in the online market in Kazakhstan before and after the COVID-19pandemic. The studies of existing concepts and economic models, domestic and foreign literary sourcesare based on the analysis of gender differences in the online sector. The data sources were primaryin-depth semi-structured interviews with respondents and a survey among 300 women, as well as secondarydata from the Bureau of National Statistics of the Republic of Kazakhstan for 2015-2020. In thisscientific study, the authors propose a methodological toolkit that includes two stages of analysis: assessmentof the level of ICT development in terms of gender for 2015-2020; quantitative assessment ofthe state and level of development of the online market in Kazakhstan. The research revealed the mostpopular marketplaces among women in Kazakhstan (Kaspi, Instagram, Wildberries, Flip, Aliexpress). Thestudy showed that the COVID-19 pandemic affected the number of online purchases and their structure,as well as the digitalization processes lead to a decrease in the specialization of women in home employmentand an increase in their level of participation. The research results can be used in the developmentof state policy for the development of women’s entrepreneurship.Key words: gender, gender economy, digitalization, ICT, online market.

Fichte’s troubles with a state

Fichte?s relation towards the institution of the state is directly dependent on how the notion of freedom was developed in his philosophy. However, his understanding of freedom was transformed dynamically from freedom understood in a distinctly individualistic way as the absence of any obligations (early Fichte) to legally grounded freedom in a state institution that implies restricting one?s freedom by the freedom of others (mature phase). Accordingly, Fichte?s attitude towards the notion of the state changed - from its understanding as an external institution that should only enable the individual?s freedom and eventually disappear to the understanding of the state as the only guarantor of human liberation and the original place for freedom. However, in his late phase, Fichte would abandon such an idea of the state again and develop a new concept of national education that should do what the state failed to do. Therefore, we must conclude that Fichte does not have an exact position on the relationship between the state, man, and freedom as the highest goal.

Anarchism: A Legacy of Postmodernism

This study has made the implicit links betweenpostmodernism and anarchism explicit in order to uncoverthe philosophical origins of terrorism in the postmodern society. This studydeals with the Anarchists' philosophical background and howPostmodernism fanned it. Anarchists' approach mainly whirls around asingle point agenda, and that is, they are against the state or existence ofstates' borders. I mention again what Researcher has already mentioned,the state and all other international institutions emerged after a rationalapproach as stated by Hegel. Postmodernism denied that reality in everycontour, whether those are institutions or anything else. Anarchism broughtthis concept into a broader paradigm and started denying the existence ofthe state. So, both postmodernists and anarchists have denied the realityin their own capacities, but the grounds and arguments are the same.Anarchism paved the way for multiple active terrors based centrifugalmovements throughout the world.

The role of public libraries within ensuring information security and formation of media literacy of personality

The purpose of the article is to determine the role of public libraries in ensuring the information securityof the individual and to establish the formation of its media education. Analyze the practice of teaching medialiteracy in libraries. The methodology consists of the application of general scientific methods of analysis and synthesis, generalization, and review-analytical description, which revealed the place and role of publiclibraries in the formation of personal media literacy and information security of the individual. The scientificnovelty is that the information security of the individual is considered in the context of media literacy andthrough the prism of library activities for the formation of media literacy of users. Conclusions. As a resultof the research, it is determined that - issues of information security of the individual are not considered atthe legislative level, to the appropriate extent, and the main attention is paid to the information security ofthe state. Information security of the individual is an interdisciplinary concept that is studied by scholarsin law, information and library affairs, journalism, computer technology, psychology, sociology, pedagogy,etc. Information security of the individual is an interdisciplinary concept that is studied by scholars in law,information and library affairs, journalism, computer technology, psychology, sociology, pedagogy, etc. It hasbeen proven that the information security of an individual depends on the level of his media literacy, ability tocritically evaluate information, identify unreliable – fake or ordered information that is misleading, to resistpropaganda and manipulation. Modern public libraries play an important role in shaping the media educationof citizens, in particular through their educational and educational activities. Media literacy training is heldon the basis of libraries. Libraries create information materials on this topic, select appropriate informationsources and resources, hold mass events on this topic.Keywords: informational security, media literacy, public library, information.

Keeping the balance of public interests and the interests of the subjects of patent rights in the codification of legislation in the field of intellectual property

Keywords: intellectual property, codification, human rights, private interests, publicinterests, exclusions, medicines, patents
 The article concerns the expediency of codificationof legislation in the field of intellectual property on the basis of the principles ofpolicy development of pharmaceutical nationalism or pharmaceutical independence ofthe state. Modernity encourages to determine the principles of intellectual propertylaw on the basis of «collective knowledge», to put the intellectual property right toserve the interests of society and provide appropriate incentives for scientific activity.The new spirit of intellectual property dictates the policy of introducing exceptions tointellectual property rights for objects used in the fight against COVID-19.Special attention should be paid to the formation in the world, on the one hand, ofa policy of «pharmaceutical nationalism», which provides for protectionism in relationto the national producer, and on the other — the policy of priority of public interestsover intellectual property rights. Today, this issue is particularly acute in the contextof limited access to vaccines against the background of free production sites of genericcompanies. Therefore, when determining the conceptual approaches to the codificationof legislation in the field of intellectual property, the international experience ofmaintaining such a balance should be taken into account.The path of harmonization of human rights and intellectual property rights hascertain social and economic obstacles, overcoming which requires significant efforts ofpublic organizations, rethinking the established paradigms of the scientific communityand the political will of international organizations.
 The pandemic has only strengthened our sense that modern science is supranational,it has long been beyond the geographical and beyond the human imagination.That is why the monopolization of its results has become a dangerous phenomenon fora society that has lost the ability to control the processes within itself and has becomedependent on external processes, which are controlled by a small percentage of intellectualproperty market participants.Today, Ukraine has become an Eastern European hub in the field of harmonizationof private and public interests in the field of health care with the mechanisms ofintellectual property rights, and the ongoing patent reform is a breakthrough success.It should be noted that although it is extremely important for Ukraine to be able touse the flexible provisions of the TRIPS Agreement, both for the production of vaccinesand over time for drugs for specific treatment KOVID, the Government shouldkeep in mind the need to clarify the production capacity of domestic producers. , toallow the production of such vaccines and drugs exclusively for the national market,at least at the first stage, as the priority is to meet the needs of the national patient.And, of course, compulsory know-how licenses (trade secrets) should contain provisionslimiting the time and number of doses produced by analogy with compulsory licensesfor inventions.

Luc de HEUSCH, The Drunken King, or, the Origin ofthe State (R. Willis, trans.), Bloomington, Indiana University Press, 1982. 288 pages, US $27.50 (cloth). Originally published in French by Editions Gallimard in 1972

Luc de HEUSCH, The Drunken King, or, the Origin ofthe State (R. Willis, trans.), Bloomington, Indiana University Press, 1982. 288 pages, US $27.50 (cloth). Originally published in French by Editions Gallimard in 1972. Un article de la revue Culture (Volume 3, numéro 1, 1983, p. 3-148) diffusée par la plateforme Érudit.