Officinale Polysaccharide Research Articles

Material basis and core chemical structure of Dendrobium officinale polysaccharides against colitis-associated cancer based on anti-inflammatory activity

It has been claimed that Dendrobium officinale polysaccharides (PSs) can degrade into oligosaccharide and then transform into short-chain fatty acids in the intestine after oral administration, and play an anti-colitis-associated cancer (CAC) effect by inhibiting intestinal inflammation. However, the material basis and core chemical structure underlying the anti-colon cancer properties of PSs have not yet been elucidated. In this study, PSs were degraded into enzymatic oligosaccharides (OSs) using β-mannanase. The results of in vivo experiments revealed that PSs and OSs administered by gastric lavage had similar antitumor effects in CAC mice. OS-1 (Oligosaccharide compounds 1) and OS-2 (Oligosaccharide compounds 2) were further purified and characterized from OSs, and it was found that OS-1, OS-2, OSs, and PSs had similar and consistent anti-inflammatory activities in vitro. Chemical structure comparison and evaluation revealed that the chemical structure of β-D-Manp-(1 → 4)-β-D-Glcp corresponding to OS-1 was the least common PS structure with anti-colitic activity. Therefore, our findings suggest that OSs are the material basis for PSs to exert anti-CAC activity and that the chemical structure of β-D-Manp-(1 → 4)-β-D-Glcp corresponding to OS-1 is the core chemical structure of PSs against CAC.

Dendrobium officinale polysaccharide alleviates thiacloprid-induced kidney injury in quails via activating the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway.

Thiacloprid (THI) is a neonicotinoid insecticide, and its wide-ranging use has contributed to severe environmental and health problems. Dendrobium officinale polysaccharide (DOP) possesses multiple biological activities such as antioxidant and antiapoptosis effect. Although present research has shown that THI causes kidney injury, the exact molecular mechanism and treatment of THI-induced kidney injury remain unclear. The study aimed to investigate if DOP could alleviate THI-induced kidney injury and identify the potential molecular mechanism in quails. In this study, Japanese quails received DOP (200 mg/kg) daily with or without THI (4 mg/kg) exposure for 42 days. Our results showed that DOP improved hematological changes, biochemical indexes, and nephric histopathological changes induced by THI. Meanwhile, THI exposure caused oxidative stress, apoptosis, and autophagy. Furthermore, THI and DOP cotreatment significantly activated the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2/heme oxygenase-1 (Nrf2/HO-1) pathway, restored antioxidant enzyme activity, and reduced apoptosis and autophagy in quail kidneys. In summary, our study demonstrated that DOP mitigated THI-mediated kidney injury was associated with oxidative stress, apoptosis, and autophagy via activation of the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway in quails.

Polysaccharides from Dendrobium officinale improve obesity-induced insulin resistance through the gut microbiota and the SOCS3-mediated insulin receptor substrate-1 signaling pathway.

Obesity induces insulin resistance and chronic inflammation, impacting human health. The relationship between obesity, gut microbiota, and regulatory mechanisms has been studied extensively. Dendrobium officinale polysaccharide (DOP), a traditional Chinese herbal medicine, potentially reduces insulin resistance. However, the mechanism through which DOP affects gut microbiota and alleviates obesity-induced insulin resistance in rats requires further investigation. The current study aimed to assess the impact of DOP on gut microbiota and insulin resistance in rats on a high-fat diet. The results revealed that DOP effectively reduced blood lipids, glucose disorders, oxidative stress, and inflammatory infiltration in the liver of obese Sprague Dawley rats. This was achieved by downregulating SOCS3 expression and upregulating insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) by regulating the JAK/STAT/SOCS3 signaling pathway. Notably, DOP intervention enhanced the abundance of beneficial gut microbiota and reduced harmful microbiota. Correlation analysis demonstrated significant associations among intestinal microbiota, SOCS3-mediated IRS-1 expression, and inflammatory factors. Dendrobium officinale polysaccharide regulated the gut microbiota, enhanced IRS-1 expression, and mitigated liver injury and insulin resistance due to a high-fat diet. These findings depict the potential anti-insulin resistance properties of DOP and offer further evidence for addressing obesity and its complications. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.

Morinda officinalis polysaccharide boosts osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells by Wnt/β-catenin signaling.

To investigate the role of Morinda officinalis polysaccharide (MOP) in the protein expression of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling cascade during the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), and to elucidate the mechanisms by which MOP enhances osteogenic differentiation at the cellular level. BMSCs were isolated and cultured using the whole bone marrow adherence method, followed by flow cytometry for the detection of BMSC marker antigens. Two groups were prepared: a low-dose MOP (L-MOP, 10 µg/mL) group and a high-dose MOP (H-MOP, 40 µg/mL) group. MTT assays and cell clone formation assays were performed to evaluate the effects of different MOP doses on BMSC proliferation. Alizarin red staining (ARS) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining were conducted to assess the impact of varying MOP doses on nodule calcification and ALP activity in BMSCs. Additionally, western blot assays were carried out to determine the effects of different MOP concentrations on the expression levels of osteogenesis-related factors and Wnt/β-catenin pathway proteins in BMSCs. Highly purified BMSCs were successfully extracted. Subsequent assays demonstrated that BMSCs exhibited enhanced proliferation at all MOP doses, particularly at the H-MOP dose, compared to the control group. Both L-MOP and H-MOP increased calcium content and ALP activity in BMSCs, as well as elevated the expression of osteogenic factors and Wnt/β-catenin pathway proteins compared to the blank control group. However, the addition of Dickkopf-1 (DKK1) significantly reduced BMSC proliferation and osteogenic differentiation compared to the H-MOP group. MOP can enhance BMSC proliferation and osteogenic differentiation by activating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.

The Polysaccharide from Dendrobium officinale Can Improve Mice with Sjögren’s Syndrome by Regulating BAFF and Fas Expressions

Exploring herbs and their compounds for potential drugs is a significant research focus due to the incurable nature of Sjögren’s syndrome (SS), a prevalent chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease. Dendrobium officinale polysaccharide (DOP) has demonstrated diverse biological effects, particularly in immunomodulation. Nonetheless, limited research has been conducted on DOP concerning the treatment of SS. This research aims to examine the impacts of DOP on experimental SS (ESS) mice and its possible mechanisms. An ESS animal model was established using the immune induction method. Besides the control group, ESS mice were randomly assigned to the model (distilled water), the HCQ (60 mg/kg), the DOP (43 mg/kg), the DOP (130 mg/kg), and the DOP (390 mg/kg) groups. Drugs were treated for three weeks. The findings indicated that DOP enhanced saliva production of ESS mice and diminished lymphocyte infiltration and foci in the submandibular gland (SMG). DOP also significantly downregulated the mRNA content of proinflammatory factors (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-17) and the expression of genes and proteins of apoptotic factors (Bax and Caspase-3). Furthermore, DOP downregulated the BAFF and BAFF receptor (BAFFR) as well as Fas and Fas ligand (Fas-L) expressions in the SMG. Our study demonstrates that DOP may reduce inflammation and apoptosis by inhibiting BAFF/BAFFR and Fas/Fas-L signaling, thus producing therapeutic effects in ESS mice.

Dendrobium officinale polysaccharide regulated hepatic stellate cells activation and liver fibrosis by inhibiting the SMO/Gli 1 pathway

Liver fibrosis is a result of chronic liver disease; without treatment, it can progress to cirrhosis and even liver cancer. The occurrence and development of liver fibrosis is closely related to the activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). Many events, including induction of the hedgehog signal and angiogenesis, occur during HSCs activation. Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) acts as a critical regulator of HSCs activation. We found that Dendrobium officinale polysaccharide (DOP) markedly reduced the level of hepatic fibrosis in carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-treated rats and TGF-β-stimulated HSC-T6 cells. DOP significantly inhibited smooth (SMO) protein expression and Gli1 transcription into the nucleus. Moreover, DOP inhibited the expression of angiogenesis-related proteins and angiogenesis markers. In conclusion, our results indicated that DOP might ameliorate CCl4-induced liver fibrosis and TGF-β-induced HSC-T6 cells activation by the SMO/Gli 1 pathway, suggesting that DOP could be used as a potential functional food.

Dendrobium officinale polysaccharides-chemical properties and pharmacodynamic effects on the airways in experimental conditions.

The study aimed to analyze the effects of Dendrobium polysaccharides on the cough and airway reactivity and compare them with the effects of clinically used antitussives (codeine phosphate and butamirate citrate) and bronchodilators (salbutamol), using the guinea pig test system. Dendrobium officinale polysaccharides contained proteins (4.0 wt%) and phenolic compounds (1.7 wt%) with a molecular weight of 25,000 g/mol. The sugar analysis revealed a dominance of glucose (93.7 wt%) and a lesser amount of mannose (5.1 wt%) while other sugar quantities were negligible. Methylation analysis indicated the presence of highly branched polysaccharides. Glucose was found mainly as terminal, 1,4- and 1,6-linked. Furthermore, some 1,4- and 1,6-linked glucose units were found branched at O2, O3, and O6/O4. Mannose was terminal and 1,4-linked. NMR spectra signals indicate the presence of the (1→4)-linked α-d-glucan, (1→4)-linked β-d-glucan branched at position O6, (1→6)-linked β-d-glucan branched at position O3 and (1→4)-linked glucomannan. Pharmacological studies showed statistically significant antitussive activity of Dendrobium polysaccharides, exceeding the effect of clinically used antitussives, which may be partially associated with confirmed bronchodilation and the ability of polysaccharides to increase the threshold of cough receptor activation. Dendrobium polysaccharides may increase the possibility of symptomatic treatment of cough, especially in asthmatics.

Morinda officinalis polysaccharides inhibit the expression and activity of NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3 in inflammatory periodontal ligament cells by upregulating silent information regulator sirtuin 1.

This study aims to investigate the effect of morinda officinalis polysaccharides (MOP) in inflammatory microenvironment on the expression of silent information regulator sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) and NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3 (NLRP3) in periodontal ligament cells. Thirty rats were randomly divided into control group (n=6) and model group (n=24). The model group used orthodontic wire ligation to establish periodontitis, and six rats from each group were killed after 3 weeks. The successful modeling was confirmed by Micro-CT. The remaining rats in the model group were randomly divided into natural recovery group, normal saline (NS) group, and MOP group. In the MOP group, MOP [200 mg/(kg·3d), 50 µL for 4 weeks] was injected into the palatal side of the left maxillary first molar of the rats, while the NS group was injected with equal volume of NS. The natural recovery group did not undergo any treatment. The left maxilla tissues of the rats were collected, and pathological changes in perio-dontal ligament cells were observed by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining. The expression of SIRT1 and NLRP3 was detected by immunohistochemistry. Cultivate periodontal ligament fibroblasts in vitro and detect the effect of MOP on cell activity using CCK-8. The 4th generation cells were divided into control group, inflammation group (10 µg/mL lipopolysaccharide), and experimental group (5 µmol/L MOP, 5 µmol/L MOP+10 µg/mL lipopolysaccharide). The expression of SIRT1 and NLRP3 was detected by quantitative realtime polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blot analyses. The acetylation of NLRP3 and the contents of interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18 were detected by immunoprecipitation and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. Statistical analysis of data was conducted using Prism 9.0 software. In the vivo experiments, the expression of NLRP3 and SIRT1 in the MOP group decreased significantly compared with that in the natural recovery group and NS group, while the expression of SIRT1 increased (P<0.05) and inflammatory cell infiltration decreased. In the in vitro experiments, the expression of NLRP3 mRNA and protein in the inflammation group increased (P<0.05), while the expression of SIRT1 significantly decreased (P<0.01); MOP upregulated the expression of SIRT1 in inflammatory cells (P<0.05), reduced the expression of NLRP3 and its acetylation level significantly (P<0.05), suppressed the content of IL-1β and IL-18 in the supernatant (P<0.01). The SIRT1 expression decreased, and that of NLRP3 expression increased in inflammatory periodontal ligament cells. MOP intervention promoted SIRT1 expression, resulting in the inhibition of NLRP3. Meanwhile, the acetylation level of NLRP3 reduced through deacetylation, leading to the decreased activity of NLRP3. Thus, MOP acted as inflammatory suppressor.

Parabacteroides distasonis ameliorates insulin resistance via activation of intestinal GPR109a

Gut microbiota plays a key role in insulin resistance (IR). Here we perform a case-control study of Chinese adults (ChiCTR2200065715) and identify that Parabacteroides distasonis is inversely correlated with IR. Treatment with P. distasonis improves IR, strengthens intestinal integrity, and reduces systemic inflammation in mice. We further demonstrate that P. distasonis-derived nicotinic acid (NA) is a vital bioactive molecule that fortifies intestinal barrier function via activating intestinal G-protein-coupled receptor 109a (GPR109a), leading to ameliorating IR. We also conduct a bioactive dietary fiber screening to induce P. distasonis growth. Dendrobium officinale polysaccharide (DOP) shows favorable growth-promoting effects on P. distasonis and protects against IR in mice simultaneously. Finally, the reduced P. distasonis and NA levels were also validated in another human type 2 diabetes mellitus cohort. These findings reveal the unique mechanisms of P. distasonis on IR and provide viable strategies for the treatment and prevention of IR by bioactive dietary fiber.

Structure, Health Benefits, Mechanisms, and Gut Microbiota of Dendrobium officinale Polysaccharides: A Review

Dendrobium officinale polysaccharides (DOPs) are important active polysaccharides found in Dendrobium officinale, which is commonly used as a conventional food or herbal medicine and is well known in China. DOPs can influence the composition of the gut microbiota and the degradation capacity of these symbiotic bacteria, which in turn may determine the efficacy of dietary interventions. However, the necessary analysis of the relationship between DOPs and the gut microbiota is lacking. In this review, we summarize the extraction, structure, health benefits, and related mechanisms of DOPs, construct the DOPs-host axis, and propose that DOPs are potential prebiotics, mainly composed of 1,4-β-D-mannose, 1,4-β-D-glucose, and O-acetate groups, which induce an increase in the abundance of gut microbiota such as Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, Akkermansia, Bacteroides, and Prevotella. In addition, we found that when exposed to DOPs with different structural properties, the gut microbiota may exhibit different diversity and composition and provide health benefits, such as metabolism regulations, inflammation modulation, immunity moderation, and cancer intervention. This may contribute to facilitating the development of functional foods and health products to improve human health.

Removal and recovery of deep eutectic solvent with membrane-based methodology: A promising strategy to enhance extraction and purification of Dendrobium officinale flavonoids

Finding efficient, environmental friendly extraction and purification methods of natural active substances has always been a research hotspot in the field of food. In this study, the yield (36.76 ± 2.17 mg/g) of Dendrobium officinale flavonoids (DOFs) was significantly increased by ultrasonic-assisted deep eutectic solvent (DES) method. DES was removed and recovered from the Dendrobium officinale extracts by bipolar membrane electrodialysis (BME). At 70 V, the removal ratios of choline chloride (ChCl) and lactic acid (Lac) could reach 92 % and 90 %, and DOFs were further enriched. Then, Dendrobium officinale polysaccharides (DOPs) was effectively separated from DOFs component using ultrafiltration (UF). After BME-UF treatment, the purification efficiency of DOFs by macroporous resin (MR) was increased by 2.1 times. UPLC-Triple-TOF/MS results further confirmed that, the content of DOFs was increased by 59 times after purification. This study suggested that BME-UF was a valid method for purification of flavonoids, which also promoted green extraction.

Cnidium officinale polysaccharide enhanced RAW 264.7 cells activation and NK-92 cells cytotoxicity against colon cancer via NF-κB and MAPKs signaling pathways

In this study, Cnidium officinale-derived polysaccharides were isolated and investigated for their immune enhancing and anticancer activities. The isolated crude and its fractions, such as F1 and F2, contain carbohydrates (51.3–63.1%), sulfates (5.4–5.8%), proteins (1.5–7.1%), and uronic acids (2.1–26.9%). The molecular weight (Mw) of the polysaccharides ranged from 59.9 to 429.0 × 103 g/mol. The immunostimulatory activity of the polysaccharides was tested on RAW 264.7 cells, and the results showed that the F2 treatment notably enhanced pro-inflammatory activity in RAW 264.7 cells by increasing NO production and the expression of various cytokines. Furthermore, the influence of polysaccharide treatment on natural killer cells (NK-92) anticancer activities was investigated using a colon cancer cell line (HCT-116). Crude polysaccharide and its fractions showed no direct cytotoxicity to NK-92 and HCT-116 cells. However, the treatment of F2 showed an enhancement of NK-92 cells cytotoxicity against HCT-116 cells by upregulating the mRNA expression of IFN-γ, TNF-α, NKGp44, and granzyme-B. The western blot results showed that the induced RAW 264.7 cells activation and NK-92 cells cytotoxicity occur via NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways. Overall, C. officinale-derived polysaccharides show potential as immunotherapeutic agents capable of enhancing pro-inflammatory macrophage signaling and activating NK-92 cells; thus, they could be useful for biomedical applications.

Dendrobium officinale Polysaccharides Inhibit CDCA-Induced Gastric Intestinal Metaplasia through Activating NRF2/HO-1 and Modulating HNF4α/CDX2 Signaling Pathway

Bile reflux (BR) was considered to be an independent risk factor for the development of precancerous gastric lesions and GC. Dendrobium officinale polysaccharides (DOP) show a novel potential in preventing the progress of gastric cancer. However, the specific mechanism of DOP that causes such activities remains a mystery. This study aimed to investigate the effects of DOP on chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA)-induced gastric intestinal metaplasia and explore the underlying mechanisms. Different concentrations of DOP had no significant damage to normal GSE-1 cells and gastric intestinal metaplasia model cells by CCK-8 assay. After DOP treatment, the mRNA and protein expression of CDX2 ( p &lt; 0.01) and HNF4α ( p &lt; 0.01) were decreased, and HO-1 ( p &lt; 0.05) and TFF2 ( p &lt; 0.01) were increased. The NRF2 protein expression was slightly upregulated ( p &lt; 0.05), and H-DOP further promoted NRF2 protein expression in the nucleus ( p &lt; 0.05). Hence, our findings reveal that DOP could be used as a potential anti-inflammation supplement by activating NRF2/HO-1 and modulating the HNF4α/CDX2 signaling pathway to inhibit the progress of CDCA-induced gastric intestinal metaplasia.

Comprehensive evaluation of the prebiotic properties of Dendrobium officinale polysaccharides, β-glucan, and inulin during in vitro fermentation via multi-omics analysis

Dietary fiber is crucial for human health mainly due to its impact on gut microbiota structure and metabolites. This study aimed to investigate the impact of Dendrobium officinale polysaccharides (DOP) and two common fibers (β-glucan and inulin) on the gut microbiome structure and metabolic profile in vitro. Fecal samples were obtained from 30 healthy volunteers, which were then individually subjected to fermentation with each type of fiber. The results revealed that all fibers were efficiently degraded by gut microbiota, with DOP exhibiting a slower fermentation rate compared to β-glucan and inulin. The fermentation of all fibers led to a significant increase in the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and a reduction in branched-chain fatty acids (BCFAs), sulfides, phenols, and indole. Moreover, the abundance of unclassified Enterobacteriaceae, which was positively correlated with sulfide, phenols, and indole levels, was significantly reduced by all fibers. Additionally, DOP specifically promoted the growth of Parabacteroides, while β-glucan and inulin promoted the growth of Bifidobacterium and Faecalibacterium. Taken together, these findings enhance our understanding of the role of DOP, β-glucan, and inulin in modulating gut microbiota and metabolites, where the fermentation with fecal bacteria from different volunteers could provide valuable insights for personalized therapeutic approaches.

Dendrobium officinale polysaccharide Converts M2 into M1 Subtype Macrophage Polarization via the STAT6/PPAR-r and JAGGED1/NOTCH1 Signaling Pathways to Inhibit Gastric Cancer.

Dendrobium officinale polysaccharide (DOP) has shown various biological activities. However, the ability of DOP to participate in immune regulation during anti-gastric cancer treatment has remained unclear. In this study, the in vitro results showed that DOP has the potential to polarize THP-1 macrophages from the M2 to the M1 phenotype, downregulate the STAT6/PPAR-r signaling pathway and the protein expression of their down-targeted ARG1 and TGM2, and further decrease the main protein and mRNA expression in the JAGGED1/NOTCH1 signaling pathway. DOP suppressed the migration of gastric cancer cells by decreasing the protein expression of N-cadherin and Vimentin and increasing E-cadherin. In addition, CM-DOP promoted the apoptosis of gastric cancer cells by upregulating Caspase-3 and increasing the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2. In vivo, DOP effectively inhibited the growth of tumors and the expression of Ki-67. In summary, these findings demonstrated that DOP converted the polarization of M2 subtype macrophages into M1 subtypes via the STAT6/PPAR-r and JAGGED1/NOTCH1 signaling pathways in order to reduce apoptosis and prevent migration, thus indicating the potential of DOP as an adjuvant tumor therapy in preclinical and clinical trials.

Preparation of carbon-rich material from Dendrobium officinale polysaccharide in deep eutectic system

A carbon-rich material (DESysChar) was prepared from polysaccharide within a deep eutectic system (DESys) containing oxalic acid, and systematically characterized using various analytical techniques. The investigation of reaction mechanism revealed concurrent dehydration and etherification processes. This study commenced with the extraction of plant polysaccharide using the DESys-based mechanochemical extraction method from Dendrobium officinale. Subsequently, the DESys method was used to carbonize the extracted Dendrobium officinale polysaccharide and produce DESysChar. DESysChar was then used for the adsorption and determination of pollutants in water. This study represents a significant advancement in eco-friendly material synthesis, enabling the low-temperature (120 °C) carbonization of plant-derived polysaccharides, thereby reducing energy consumption and environmental impact. The effective adsorption of methylene blue by DESysChar underscores its potential in environmental remediation. This study presents a more responsible and efficient approach to polysaccharide extraction and carbonization, addressing environmental concerns. Embracing the 4S workflow (involving Sustainable raw materials converted into Sustainable degradable products, by using Sustainable technology throughout the process to create a Sustainable environment) promotes sustainability in material development, laying the foundation for future eco-friendly practices in various industries. In summary, this study propels sustainable polysaccharide development for widespread use.

Dendrobium officinale polysaccharide decreases podocyte injury in diabetic nephropathy by regulating IRS-1/AKT signal and promoting mitophagy.

High glucose (HG) caused oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction, resulting in insulin resistance in podocytes, a key mechanism of diabetic nephropathy. Dendrobium officinale polysaccharide (DOP) was able to improve insulin resistance and antioxidant capability. The purpose of this study is to explore the mechanism by which DOP decreases the podocyte injury induced by HG. MPC5 cells were treated with HG, DOP, and IRS-1/2 inhibitor NT157. Afterwards, glucose consumption, generations of ROS and MDA were measured using the detection kits. Mitophagy was monitored using both MtphagTracyker and LysoTracker. The mitochondrial membrane potential was evaluated by JC-1 staining. DOP was also used in a mouse model of diabetes, with the measurements of urine albumin, blood creatinine and blood urea nitrogen. Treatment with DOP suppressed the HG-induced reduction of glucose consumption, the phosphorylation of IRS-1 (phospho Y632), AKT (phospho Ser473 and Thr308) and Nephrin. In addition, HG-induced augment of ROS and MDA, formation of γ-H2A.X foci and translocation of AKT to nucleus were inhibited by DOP. DOP enhanced mitophagy, which was associated with decreased mitochondrial membrane potential and ROS production. DOP conferred protective effect on podocyte in the diabetic mouse by reducing the albumin/creatinine ratio and blood urea nitrogen, and restoring Nephrin expression in podocytes. DOP alleviates HG-induced podocyte injuryby regulating IRS-1/AKT signal and promoting mitophagy.

Dendrobium officinale polysaccharides improved reproductive oxidative stress injury in male mice treated with cyclophosphamide.

Polysaccharides from Dendrobium officinale polysaccharides (DOPs) are the main bioactive components of Dendrobium officinale, which have the functions of antioxidation and immune regulation. However, it is not clear whether DOPs have any effect on the prevention of reproductive disorders induced by oxidative stress. The purpose of this study was to explore the protective effect of DOPs on reproductive oxidative stress injury in male mice and its possible mechanism. In this study, the mouse model of reproductive injury was established by intraperitoneal injection of cyclophosphamide (CTX). The reproductive function was evaluated by relative testicular mass, sperm parameters, and sex hormone levels. The oxidative stress level of male mice with reproductive injury treated with DOPs was analyzed by the levels of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), malondialdehyde (MDA), and nitric oxide (NO) in sperm. The expression of follicle-stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR) mRNA, androgen-binding (ABP) mRNA, and c-kit mRNA was detected by quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) to explore its mechanism. After CTX administration, the sperm density, sperm motility, normal sperm morphology, and sex hormone levels in mice were significantly lower than those in the control group (P < 0.05). At the same time, the expression of p53 protein was upregulated, and the expression of Bcl-2 protein was downregulated (P < 0.05). In addition, the expression of FSHR and ABP mRNA on Sertoli cells was also significantly inhibited (P < 0.05). DOPs can effectively reduce the oxidative stress injury of testicular tissue. After DOP treatment, the sperm quality and sex-related hormone levels of mice were significantly improved and positively correlated with the dose of DOPs (P < 0.05). Administration of DOPs can reduce the damage caused by oxidative stress by reducing the level of oxidative stress, improving the hormone environment in testes, and regulating the expression of specific genes in Sertoli cells and spermatogenic cells.

Therapeutic mechanism exploration of polysaccharides from Dendrobium officinale on unilateral ureteral obstruction operation-induced renal fibrosis based on improving oxidative stress injury mediated by AhR/NOX4 pathway

Dendrobium officinale polysaccharides (DOP) has been reported to possess remarkable effects on improving renal function, oxidative stress damage and fibrotic diseases. However, the role and mechanism of DOP in preventing and treating renal fibrosis remain unclear. The purpose of this paper was to explore the therapeutic effects and underlying mechanisms of DOP on renal fibrosis. Firstly, renal fibrosis model was induced by unilateral ureteral obstruction operation (UUO) in male BALB/c mice. Subsequently, the anti-renal fibrosis effect of DOP was evaluated. It turned out that DOP significantly attenuated UUO induced renal fibrosis. The beneficial effects of DOP on renal fibrosis were concretely manifested in the relief of clinical symptoms, improvement of renal function, reduction of extracellular matrix collagen aggregation, attenuation of structural damage and inflammation, and decrement of profibrotic factors secretion. Meanwhile, DOP could also alleviate oxidative stress injury and inhibit the AhR/NOX4 pathway proteins expression. Furthermore, multivariate statistical analysis, AhR interference and overexpression experiments showed that the effect of DOP on alleviating renal fibrosis was closely related to the improvement of oxidative stress injury mediated by the AhR/NOX4 pathway. Overall, the data in the present paper indicated that DOP could alleviate renal fibrosis through improving AhR/NOX4 mediated oxidative stress injury.

Microwave-assisted puffing of Dendrobium officinale for higher extraction rate of polysaccharides

In order to increase the extraction rate of Dendrobium officinale polysaccharides, microwave puffing was used to process its fresh stems and the processing parameters were optimized. Response surface methodology was used to analyze the effects of sample length (1–5cm), moisture content (15%–25%), microwave power (550–790 W), and microwave processing time (20–40 s) on the expansion ratio. The results showed that the optimized expansion ratio of 371.7% was achieved at the following conditions, i.e., sample length of 3.5 cm, moisture content of 23%, microwave power of 706 W, and processing time of 35 s. It was found that polysaccharides were extracted more readily from puffed D. officinale than from non-puffed D. officinale by 41.8%. Moreover, the bioactivities of polysaccharides from puffing D. officinale and non-puffing D. officinale were evaluated and compared in lipid peroxidation inhibition and anti-hyperglycemic assays.&#x0D; Keywords: Dendrobium officinale; Microwave puffing; Polysaccharides; Lipid peroxidation; Anti-hyperglycemic activity