Official Development Assistance Research Articles

Enhancing access to clean water in Bu Dop district – Binh Phuoc province

Safely access to clean water is the goal 6 of the millennium development goals (MDGs). Nowadays, 25% of the world's population does not have safe access to clean water. This situation is more serious in low-income countries. Being lack of the access to clean water affects not only the livelihoods but also the basic demands of the human being. Because of the high demand on researching about this topic, the article focuses on the status of using cleaning water in Bu Dop, a poor district of Binh Phuoc province during the period 2017 – 2021. The data were collected by surveying a sample of 160 households of four communes in the area that did not use clean water. Based on the exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and logit regression model, the results of the analysis indicate that there are five variables impact people's intention to use fresh water are ethnicity; income; the awareness of the usefulness of clean water; the satisfaction with the price, and the availabilities of other water resources. Accordingly, the research proposes some solutions to enhance the possibilities to access the clean water in the Bu Dop district. These approaches are promulgating some policies to support and encourage local people in this area to use clean water and the specific policies for ethnic minorities; providing more information for improving the people's awareness and responsibility in using clean water; enhancing the management and operation of centralized water treatment system; attracting the ODA (Official Development Assistance) projects providing clean water for poor communes and encouraging the private sectors to participate in this issue.

Japanese FDI and Development Vision of Bangladesh: Lessons from Thailand

Bangladesh is aspiring to become a developed country under the ‘Vision 2041’. However, materialization of this development vision requires huge amount of fund. Regrettably, country’s dependency on foreign aid is still more than 35%. Internal borrowing is also increasing considerably, where as Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) can make a significant contribution to the financial basket of the country. Nonetheless, government has set a target to increase the contribution of FDI to 3% of the GDP in the 8th Five Years Plan (FYP) which was 1% in 7th FYP. Being one of the most trusted friendly nations, Japan continued its support towards Bangladesh since the independence. Japan has the tendency to shift FDI to a country after improving the infrastructure through Official Development Assistance (ODA). The same trend is also appearing in Bangladesh. Bangladesh has become the number one recipient of Japanese ODA in 2020 and the amount of Japanese companies is also increasing in Bangladesh which is curtly around 320. With a view to mitigating the gap between aspiration and reality while succeeding to accomplish development goals, countries with limited resources like Bangladesh can be hugely benefited by the Japanese FDI. The ASEAN nation Thailand, with more than 6000 Japanese companies, is one of the economies that has been significantly benefited by the Japanese FDI. Therefore, this qualitative research investigates the case of Thailand based on key stakeholders’ interviews and analysis of documents. The major findings of this paper in terms of main challenges Bangladesh is facing to attract Japanese FDI are national image crisis, lack of infrastructure, skilled human resources, local procurement of raw materials, frequent change in law and policies, uncongenial regulations regarding VAT, tax and customs and port clearance. The main lessons Bangladesh can learn from Thailand to attract FDI from Japan includes lower corporate tax, port facilities, easier port clearance and participation in economic partnerships, such as RCEP. This paper contributes to the literature in the area of business studies, economics, development studies, international relations, public policy studies and Japanese Studies.

Exogenous Shocks, Excessive Indebtedness and Dependence on Official Development Assistance: What Levers to Prevent Recession and Create Value in the West African Economic and Monetary Union Countries?

Exogenous Shocks, Excessive Indebtedness and Dependence on Official Development Assistance: What Levers to Prevent Recession and Create Value in the West African Economic and Monetary Union Countries?

The relationship between official development assistance and economic growth: A case of Vietnam

The relationship between official development assistance and economic growth: A case of Vietnam

How Effective Is the Official Development Assistance in the Education Sector? Evidence from the WAEMU Countries

How Effective Is the Official Development Assistance in the Education Sector? Evidence from the WAEMU Countries

Determinants of official benefit-oriented aid to developing countries

The article presents the pioneer cross-country study results of the formation factors of benefit-oriented official development assistance (ODA), which is defined as aid sent by a donor disinterestedly and in order to improve the welfare of the recipient. In the preliminary data review an original measure of benefit-oriented assistance is proposed, which allows to study transfers in conditions of mixing motives. Subsequent regression analysis of panel data on 18 donors of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development for 2010–2019 shows that a benefit-oriented motive is primarily ensured by a high degree of trust, the prevalence of altruistic behavior in society and the socio-economic welfare of the donor country. There is evidence to suggest that ancillary factors of disinterested assistance are the democratic government structure, tolerance and life satisfaction; in addition, political participation as a factor of altruism has an indirect effect on the motivation of the donor. Calculations also show that an increase in the per capita GDP of the donor can contribute to both benefit-oriented and selfish motives of ODA, while other factors do not demonstrate a similar integral effect. The results obtained confirm and clarify the theoretical conclusions of the philosophy of collaboration regarding the genesis and dissemination of collaborative relationships. These findings can be used to improve the principles and mechanisms of international assistance as well as to forecast the dynamics of benefit-oriented transfers.

An impact assessment of official development assistance: empirical evidence from India

An impact assessment of official development assistance: empirical evidence from India

Korea’s Official Development Assistance to the Philippine Education Sector: Observations and Inputs

Korea’s Official Development Assistance to the Philippine Education Sector: Observations and Inputs

МЕХАНІЗМИ РЕАЛІЗАЦІЇ СТРАТЕГІЇ ПОВОЄННОЇ РОЗБУДОВИ В УКРАЇНІ ЗЕЛЕНОЇ ЕКОНОМІКИ

The article has been devoted to solving the urgent issue of developing a sound system of economic policy mechanisms to ensure the recovery of Ukraine from the consequences of the war. It has been emphasized that the post-war recovery should be based on a clear and comprehensive concept, in which the factors of sustainable development, green economy, and social inclusion must play a significant role. According to these factors and the system of reasonable principles for the development of the green economy in Ukraine, the author has proposed such the system of mechanisms: financial&investment mechanism, infrastructural mechanism, integration mechanism and innovation mechanism. The author assesses the investment&financial mechanism as being related to the crossborder movement of investment and credit capital, funds of official development assistance, as well as the introduction of tax and budgetary instruments to stimulate the green transition. The main elements of this mechanism have been proposed in the article. The article also provides an assessment of the infrastructural mechanism of the post-war development of the green economy in the context of the system of internal measures and tools aimed at improving the macroeconomic environment of business activities and effective management of green transformation processes. The author's list of relevant tools of this mechanism has been given in the article. The author emphasized that the integration mechanism of the post-war development of the green economy in Ukraine has been designed to ensure the formation of a coherent national and global green economy and the corresponding internal and external integration. The article offers relevant tools of this mechanism. Characterizing the innovative mechanism of the post-war development of the green economy, the author substantiates its leading role in ensuring the processes of green transformation as a key scientific and technical resource of post-industrial development. The author's list of tools that ensure the implementation of this mechanism has been given in the article.

The Enabling Environment for Official Development Assistance and FDI Inflows: An Empirical Evidence from Djibouti

The Enabling Environment for Official Development Assistance and FDI Inflows: An Empirical Evidence from Djibouti

Modern Scientific, Technological, and Innovation Policy of Japan: An International Vector on the Example of Russia and ASEAN Countries

The article is devoted to the study of the formation and development of Japan's technological policy since the second half of the 20th century. The article shows that initially, the factor of international relations played an important role in Japanese technological policy, since for several decades it was entirely based on the strategy of foreign borrowing. At the same time, Japan carefully studied and often improved technologies borrowed from the USA and Western European countries, developing its own R&D base. Gradually, the country was able to build its own progressive scientific and technical potential and begin technological exports. International cooperation, but no longer in the form of imports but in the form of technology exports, continues to play a crucial role in Japan's innovation policy and diplomacy. As an example, some parameters of Japan's modern technological cooperation with the ASEAN states and Russia are considered. The study shows that, unlike some ASEAN countries, Russia has not been and is not a recipient of technical assistance from Japan within the framework of state official development assistance programs. In addition, the volume of Japanese technological exports to Russia is small and does not meet the interests of the Russian Federation in this aspect. The most successfully developing ASEAN countries receive significant volumes of technological exports from Japan in value terms, but they themselves, except Singapore, do not occupy a niche as technology suppliers to Japan.

An impact assessment of official development assistance: empirical evidence from India

An impact assessment of official development assistance: empirical evidence from India

Assessing the Effectiveness of Japanese Official Development Aid in Myanmar: A Case Study of the Grant Assistance for Grassroots Projects in the Chin State Education Sector

Abstract: Japanese Official Development Assistance has benefited educational development by hook or by crook. Japan has been providing grant aids for grassroots development in Myanmar for more than half a century, which has had a significant degree of effectiveness for the recipients. The Japan Grant Assistance for Grassroots Projects has specifically benefited the education sector in Chin State, Myanmar, especially in building infrastructures for schools, including providing buildings, desks, and plumbing facilities. It is suggested that there are still quite a few primary factors requiring development to access quality education in Myanmar. Based on extensive research among educators and relevant officials in Chin State, this research surveys existing issues for educational infrastructure in the state and assesses some of the challenges for educational development in the region. It also assesses how Japanese Grant Assistance for Grassroots Projects has assisted the barriers. The scope of this research is from 2015 to 2020.

The Impact of Official Development Assistance on the Economic Growth of the Solomon Islands

The Solomon Islands is a least developed country in the Pacific Ocean. As a low-income country, its economic development has been significantly relied on official development assistance (ODA). According to the economic growth theory, ODA is a vital contributor to the economic development of a low-income economy. Nonetheless, the existing literature shows inconclusive empirical findings. This paper fills the research gap by scrutinizing the effect of ODA on the economic growth of the Solomon Islands. The autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model is adopted using the annual data from 1980 to 2019. The empirical findings from the ARDL model indicate the positive impact of ODA on economic growth, but with a marginal effect. A one percent increase in ODA raises 0.07 percent of per capita GDP. The Toda-Yamamoto approach of Granger causality analysis is performed for the robustness check. The finding from the Toda-Yamamoto method suggests that there is no causal relationship running from ODA toward the economic growth of the Solomon Islands.

타지키스탄 대상 산림부문 공적개발원조 사업 타당성 평가

Central Asian countries have demanded forest sector development to cope with depletion of the Aral Sea and desertification. As one of the development measures, the forest official development assistance (ODA) project between the Republic of Korea and Tajikistan has been discussed. This study evaluated the feasibility of the project by reviewing the literature materials, and the implications for establishing strategies were drawn. The feasibility study was conducted in accordance with three evaluation criteria (relevance, readiness, and sustainability), which were modified from the ones of Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development/Development Assistance Committee (OECD/DAC). Even though the project was evaluated as feasible, the result of the evaluation revealed that the overall capacity of forest sector in Tajikistan should be advanced to guarantee sustainability of the project's outcome. This study will serve as a referable case study for developing reasonable evaluation system for the forest ODA projects and promoting the forest cooperation projects in Central Asia.

Rethinking Australia’s role in international co-operation for the Sustainable Development Goals: Towards transformative horizontal partnerships through triangular co-operation

Despite progress in various areas of development, rates of food insecurity, malnutrition and poverty remain high. Additional environmental pressures such as climate change, loss of biodiversity and environmental degradation continue to disproportionately impact those who are most vulnerable. Inclusive models of co-operative action, as emphasised in the 2030 Sustainable Development Agenda, are valued for their potential to solve development challenges, promote sustainable development outcomes, and to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals. International co-operation policy plays a crucial role in shaping how these international partnerships play out in practice. Over the several decades, the international development co-operation landscape has been shifting with a push for more ‘horizontal’ partnerships. Triangular co-operation is a potential model of partnership that embraces inclusivity and horizontality and is seen as a means to achieve the sustainable development agenda. In Australia, the election of a new federal government in May 2022 brought with it a renewed commitment to official development assistance and development co-operation policy and partnerships. The aim of this commentary is to take stock, pause, and reflect on how Australia currently ‘does development partnerships’ as well as looking to the future and the opportunities for change.

Who Has Received Aid for Climate Change Adaptation?

Notwithstanding past uncertainty surrounding its existence, it is evident that climate change is a current reality that is evolving into a crisis. The international society has attempted to address this issue by providing official development assistance to conduct climate change-related development projects. Focusing on aid for climate change adaptation, we attempt to understand which countries have received more aid in this regard. This paper hypothesizes that environmental factors like water scarcity and the small size of forests, and anthropogenic factors like the level of urbanization and CO2 emission, could influence the amount of aid for climate change adaptation received by developing countries. With the empirical analysis derived from the panel data of developing countries for the period 2009-2018, the results show that countries with less water and higher levels of urbanization have received higher amounts of aid for climate change adaptation. This study can contribute to understanding the efforts of the international society in fighting against climate change.

공적개발원조(ODA)와 해외직접투자(FDI)가 개도국 경제성장에 미치는 영향에 대한 실증연구

Purpose: Through a precise empirical analysis with consideration of endogeneity and omitted variable problems, this study examines the impact of official development assistance (ODA) and foreign direct investment (FDI) of South Korea and the world on economic growth in developing countries.
 Originality: This study contributes the literature on ODA and FDI both by solving the problems of endogeneity and omitted institutional variables to which previous regression models might be vulnerable and by analyzing ODA’s promotion effect on FDI which great importance has recently been put on.
 Methodology: This research uses a 3SLS methodology to solve endogeneity problem caused by simultaneity among ODA, FDI and economic growth. In addition, this research compares the results of simultaneous equation 3SLS regression with those of single equation system GMM regression.
 Result: ODA of both South Korea and the world has a positive and significant impact on growth. However, neither FDI’s impact of growth nor ODA’s promotion effect on FDI is significant in both Korean model and world model. Regarding institutions, corruption perception index affects economic growth positively and significantly in the both models but investment risk index has a positive and significant impact on growth only in Korean model.
 Conclusion and Implication: Through supplementing the limitations to which previous regression models might be vulnerable and comparing the regression results of South Korea with those of the world, this study provides useful information for establishment of national policies on Korean ODA and FDI.

Integration et immigration : un enjeu du dynamisme social et consequences des politiques d’aide publique au developpement

Official development assistance has shown its limits in the face of persistent poverty on the African continent. Some think that the development aid policies adopted, better still, led by the West are incompatible with African culture. Others, on the other hand, believe that official development assistance fuels Africa's dependence on the West and therefore promotes its continued underdevelopment. Indeed, it is obvious that aid policies maintain an asymmetrical relationship between the two partners. However, although the Western model of development is opposed to the African socio-political archaeology, it is no less true that Africa is capable of experiencing cultural changes. This study proposes to explore two paths deemed to be able to make Africa flourish. It is first of all the integration of Africa into the West through the process of immigration in order to allow this continent to redefine its culture and thus forge a new way of perceiving Western science. Secondly, the highlighting of immigration issues in the equation between the North and the South of the Mediterranean is a game-changer in the cooperation relationship between the West and Africa. A relationship of symmetry, of equals, is possible for both Africa and Europe. Keywords: official development assistance, integration, immigration, dependency, Afro-European.

A quantitative understanding of the state and determinants of water-energy-food security in Africa

To date, there are limited quantitative inter-comparisons and assessments of water-energy-food (WEF) resources availability in Africa, while existing studies do not reveal disparities in WEF security among different sub-regions thus failing to offer lessons for coordinated efforts. This study provides a quantitative evaluation of WEF resources across Africa. In so doing, it develops a composite indicator to assess the state of WEF security and explores the socioeconomic determinants of WEF security in Africa. Results show that, Africa is endowed with enormous resources, however, there are substantial disparities among countries and sub-regions. The water-energy-food security index (WEFSI) scores show that eight countries (15 %) obtained high WEFSI scores (>0.61), 31 countries (57 %) obtained moderate scores in the range 0.41 – 0.60 while the other countries (28 %) obtained low scores (<0.40). Several countries are not on track to achieving water-energy-food security in the short to medium term. We also found that GDP per capita, government effectiveness, foreign direct investment and official development assistance correlate strongly with WEF security. Overall, our findings suggest that whilst WEF resources availability is essential, they do not guarantee WEF security; having the socioeconomic capacity to harness these resources is critical for achieving WEF security. Thus, prospects for achieving SDGs remain slender but centrally lie in national efforts at re-reorganising governance and economic efforts and how these relate to wider investments. We call for urgent steps to ensure targeted socioeconomic development within and across many countries, to enhance WEF security in Africa.