Office Waste Research Articles

Physical and mechanical properties of fiberboard produced with shredded waste office paper

This study investigated the effects of shredded waste office paper as a raw material on the physical and mechanical properties of fiberboard. Two amounts of urea formaldehyde (UF) resin (10 and 15%) and five shredded waste office paper/wood fiber mixing ratios (0/100, 25/75, 50/50, 75/25, and 100/0) were selected. The findings showed that all characteristics of boards were improved with an increase in resin content at various wastepaper participation ratios. The 15% UF-bonded board with 100% wood fiber had the highest modulus of rupture (MOR) value, but there was no statistically significant difference between it and the board with 50% wastepaper. The modulus of elasticity (MOE) values of the 15% UF-bonded boards increased as the wastepaper participation ratio increased, and the highest was obtained from the board with 75% wastepaper. The highest internal bond (IB) strength value was also recorded from the 15% UF-bonded board with 50% wastepaper. This was due to the presence of sufficient bonding potential and smoother surfaces in the shredded wastepaper, which allowed for a synergistic interaction between the wastepaper and wood fiber.

A study on preparation of low-cost environment-friendly self-assembled nanocellulose membrane from waste paper

In the context of green development, different types of waste paper were used in this study to prepare environment-friendly nanocellulose membrane by using different pretreatment processes. The results showed that all nanocellulose membranes had a novel microscopic composite morphology: nanocellulose fibers in the middle were tightly arranged and had a certain direction, while nanocellulose fibers at the edge were arranged randomly. Moreover, the type of waste paper affected the formation and property of nanocellulose membranes deeply compared with the pretreatment process. Nanocellulose membrane prepared from office waste paper had a high transmittance (50.8 %) and low oxygen transmission rate (1.548·10−3/cm3mm/(m2·d·KPa)) while that prepared from waste corrugated paper had a high yield (50.63 %), high folding number (81 times), and low water vapor transmission rate (1550.24 g·m−2·day−1). Meanwhile, nanocellulose membrane prepared without any deinking treatment had a significant performance advantage in terms of water vapor barrier and folding resistance. Therefore, in actual application, deinking treatment can be selectivity omitted, which will simplify the preparation process flow and reduce the production cost of nanocellulose membrane. Furthermore, in order to satisfy different application requirements, the appropriate raw materials and treatment processes can be chosen to prepare nanocellulose membranes with different properties. This study provides a simple and low-cost way to prepare high-performance environment-friendly self-assembled nano membrane material, and also achieves the high value utilization of waste paper, which has a certain ecological, economic, and social benefits.

Bank Sampah Graha Sewaka Dharma sebagai Alternatif Pengelolaan Sampah Perkantoran di Kawasan Pemerintahan Kota Denpasar

Purpose: This research provides an alternative strategy in waste management by educating employees through the Graha Sewaka Dharma (GSD) waste bank in the Denpasar City Govermance area in Lumintang which is integrated with the 4R principles. Research methods: This research uses qualitative methods with observation and documentation data collection. The researchers use SWOT analysis (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats) so that it solutions or alternative policy strategies can be found in managing office waste at the GSD Waste Bank. Results and discussion: The presence of the GSD waste bank is able to provide education on sorting waste, raising awareness among employees about collecting waste in a timely manner. Apart from that, employees who hand over waste will receive additional income which can be used for shopping at the Dharma Wiguna Cooperation. Implications: The existence of the GSD waste bank which is integrated with education regarding 4R principles provides basic knowledge for employees to manage waste from its source, namely households and office areas, empowering employees to have knowledge and skills so they are able to sort organic and non-organic waste.

Shredded waste office paper as a component with wood particles in the production of particleboard

Shredded waste office paper as a component with wood particles in the production of particleboard

High‐efficiency modification of PET by the low addition of a self‐assembled functional nanocellulose film prepared from waste paper

AbstractPolyethylene terephthalate (PET) is a conventional packaging material. Its modification has attracted immense attention in the industry and academia. Here, office waste paper, white cardboard waste, and waste corrugated paper were first employed as raw materials for cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) extraction by acid hydrolysis. Thereafter, CNC/PET composite films with various CNC additions were prepared via a self‐assembly technique. The results revealed that the CNCs formed a self‐assembled film on the PET surface via the synergistic effect of the complex interactions among the CNCs as well as between the CNCs and PET. Moreover, the CNCs improved the barrier property of PET and decreased the oxygen and water vapor transmittances of CNC/PET by 30.7% and 21.7%, respectively. Additionally, the coating of the PET surface with 0.2 wt.% CNCs extracted from the waste paper decreased the surface wettability of PET, exhibiting application potentials in the hydrophobic modification of polymers. This study realized waste paper recycling and provided a basis for constructing self‐assembled functional films on PET surfaces. The findings and insights of this study could exhibit application potentials in the fields of waste recycling and packaging materials.Highlights A functional cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) film is prepared from waste paper. Self‐assembled CNC is coated on a PET surface to form a CNC/PET composite film. The synergistic interactions among CNCs and between CNC and PET modified PET. The low addition of CNCs realized the efficiency modification of PET. The study achieves waste paper recycling and high‐value utilization.

Preparation of Polyaniline-Modified Cellulose/PDMS Composite Triboelectric Material and Application of Its Pretreatment in MOW Pulp.

Self-powered electronic equipment has rapidly developed in the fields of sensing, motion monitoring, and energy collection, posing a greater challenge to triboelectric materials. Triboelectric materials need to enhance their electrical conductivity and mechanical strength to address the increasing demand for stability and to mitigate unpredictable physical damage. In this study, polyaniline-modified cellulose was prepared by means of in situ polymerization and compounded with polydimethylsiloxane, resulting in a triboelectric material with enhanced strength and conductivity. The material was fabricated into a tubular triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) (G-TENG), and an electrocatalytic pretreatment of mixed office waste paper (MOW) pulp was performed using papermaking white water as the flowing liquid to improve the deinking performance. The electrical output performance of G-TENG is highest at a flow rate of 400 mL/min, producing a voltage of 22.76 V and a current of 1.024 μA. Moreover, the deinking effect of MOW was enhanced after the electrical pretreatment. This study explores the potential application of G-TENG as a self-powered sensor power supply and emphasizes its prospect as an energy collection device.

Waste Disposal Efforts and Policies in BPSDM Kemendagri Jakarta

Offices as one of the waste-producing locations have contributed to the volume. Challenges in waste management strategies differ between formal and non-formal institutions. Waste management needs a collaborative management strategy in its management. An effective waste management strategy as a solution to improve employee performance in implementing waste management regulations. This study aims to analyze Collaborative management with an office waste management strategy at the BPSDM Kemendagri Jakarta office. Collaborative management to manage environmental problems, especially waste generated from activities on weekdays. Waste management regulations need to be upgraded to become policies in the Ministry of Home Affairs offices. The method used in this study is descriptive qualitative with literature review and survey techniques. Collaborative management in office waste management is not optimal. a policy proposal for a waste management strategy and for responding to contextual changes involving the problem of formal government office waste. This finding has implications for being a policy proposal for a waste management strategy and for responding to contextual changes involving the problem of formal government office wastesustainable.

Oil/water separation by super-hydrophobic wastepaper cellulose-candelilla wax cryogel: a circular material-based alternative

Introduction: One of the most attractive fields for cellulose aerogels is water remediation, basically in the pollutant’s adsorption and oil/water separation. There are different sources to extract cellulose, but the extraction from paper waste is an excellent option for impulse circular materials applications.Methods: We obtained cellulose from office waste paper through a simple alkali method and used it to fabricate an aerogel by freeze-drying based on the materials’ circularity. To increase lipophilicity, the aerogel was modified using two different coatings: polycaprolactone (WOPP) and candelilla wax (WOPW), extracted from a Mexican plant. The aerogels were analyzed by several physicochemical techniques such as Scanning Electronic Microscopy, Infrared spectroscopy, and thermal analysis.Results and Discussion: To our knowledge, this is the first time that candelilla wax has been reported as aerogel modification. The highly porous aerogels showed a density of around 0.1 g/cm3 and a fibrous structure. Furthermore, the contact angle of the aerogels was measured to compare the hydrophobicity of the surfaces, showing values around 120° in the modified aerogels compared with the hydrophilic behavior of pristine cellulose aerogel. The achieved recycled mineral oil absorption capacity for WOPW was 6.1 g/g, while for WOPP was 4.88 g/g. Thus, we obtained a natural coating aerogel with a high water/oil separation potential.

Enzymatic valorization of cellulosic and hemicellulosic-based biomasses via the production of antioxidant water-soluble hydrolyzate of maize stalks and the green bio-deinking of mixed office waste paper

AbstractBio-valorization of various biomasses provides a sustainable promising approach for the eco-friendly production of variable value-added products. Herein, the current study devoted to the enzymatic valorization of two widely available biomasses, namely, maize stalks and waste paper. The cellulytic and hemicellulytic-rich cocktail was produced through the fermentation of rice straw by a locally isolated fungal strain Aspergillus terreus. The potential applicability of the produced cocktail for the enzymatic hydrolysis of the polysaccharide constituents of maize stalks was evaluated under various strategies. The reported results indicated that the microwave pretreatment of the biomass yielding a water-soluble hydrolyzate rich in cellobiose and xylobiose, sustained by thin layer (TLC) and high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) measurements, in addition to phenolic compounds. Moreover, the enzymatic hydrolysis of the extracted hemicellulosic fraction from maize stalks was rich in xylooligosaccharides and phenolic compounds higher than that released from the hydrolysis of commercial xylan. The estimated antioxidant activity of the resulted hydrolyzate was also monitored by the scavenging of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl free radical spectrophotometrically at 515 nm. Moreover, the potential applicability of the produced enzymatic cocktail was examined for the bio-deinking of waste paper. The physical, chemical, and surface morphological characteristics of the treated paper sample was compared to a blank one regarding the whiteness index, ash content, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). On the base of the estimated results, the produced enzymatic cocktail possessed efficient dislodgement ability for the printed ink from the paper surface.

SWOT Analysis of Organic Waste Crushing Mechines Using Grounded Theory

Garbage is the residue of human daily activities and/or natural processes in solid form. Waste can come from various activities such as household waste, agricultural waste, building waste, trade and office waste, and industrial waste. The amount of waste stockpiles in Payakumbuh City until June 2023 is 100,386 tons per day. With details (1) Waste transported to the Final Processing Site (TPA) every day is 83,862 tons without segregation, (2) Waste processed at TPS3R is 0.252 tons with 6 units of equipmen, (3) Management at the unit waste bank 0.041 tons, (4) management at the main waste bank 7 tons, (5) Informal sector/ lapak as much as 7.4 tons, (6) Magot as much as 0.31 tons, (7) A total of 1.52 tons of waste has not been managed properly. Of the total amount of waste disposed of at the Temporary Final Processing Site (TPAS), 60 percent is organic waste. This study uses a qualitative technique with a grounded theory approach. The author conducted direct interviews with internal parties (Bappeda Payakumbuh City) and external parties (Tool Manufacturers, Equipment Users and the Environment Agency) to determine the impact of using a mobile organic waste counter machine in reducing the amount of organic waste in Payakumbuh City. Based on the research results, it was found that the coding scheme consisted of 41 codes that formed 9 categories and gave rise to 4 themes with a total score of 41. The highest score in coding was 23 on the theme of technology use. So it can be concluded that the use of technology greatly affects the reduction of organic waste in Payakumbuh City.

Synthesis and Properties of Carbon Microspheres from Waste Office Paper.

As a kind of biomass resource, waste office paper can be used as a carbon precursor to prepare carbon materials. In this work, carbon microspheres with regular shape, uniform particle size and high carbon content were successfully prepared from waste office paper via a hydrothermal synthesis method with sulfuric acid as the catalyst. The effects of reaction temperature and sulfuric acid dosage on the morphology of the carbon microspheres were studied. The formation mechanism of the carbon microspheres was investigated by analyzing the structure and composition of the products. The results show that the hydrolysis of cellulose in waste paper under hydrothermal conditions was the key for the formation of carbon microspheres. The temperature of hydrothermal reaction and the use of sulfuric acid can affect the morphology of carbon microspheres. The carbon microspheres synthesized at 210 °C with 10 mL sulfuric acid have the best surface morphology, with uniform particle size and higher dispersion. Cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy show that the carbon microspheres have good capacitance performance and can be used in capacitors. This study provides a low-cost precursor for carbon microspheres as well as a new method for the recycle of waste paper.

Pertangungjawaban Pidana Tim Anggaran Pemerintah Daerah Dalam Penetapan RKA-SKPD Yang Menimbulkan Kerugian Negara

Introduction: The corruption case at the Ambon City Environmental and Solid Waste Service (DLHP) is getting hotly discussed by the Ambon city public. DLHP Ambon City, where one of the points that became the focus of the prosecution's indictment was the discrepancy in the standard analysis of spending on the fuel oil procurement project for the waste fleet belonging to the Ambon city government.Purposes of the Research: To know the form of abuse of authority by officials that result in state losses. And knowing that the Investigator Formulated the Elements of Abuse of Authority for the Crime of Corruption, the Ambon City Environment and Waste Office. Methods of the Research: The research method used in analyzing and discussing is normative juridical, a normative study must of course use a statutory approach because it is careful that various legal rules are the focus of a research. The legal materials used are primary, secondary and tertiary legal materials.Results of the Research: The results of the study point to the decision Number 32/Pid.Sus-TPK/2021/P stating that the defendant has been indicted by the public prosecutor and has been legally and convincingly proven guilty of committing a criminal act of corruption, as regulated and subject to criminal penalties in Article 3 in conjunction with Article 18 of the Republic of Indonesia Law. Number 31 of 1999 concerning Eradication of Criminal Acts of Corruption as amended by Law Number R.I. 20 of 2001 concerning Amendments to Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 31 of 1999 concerning the Eradication of Criminal Acts of Corruption in conjunction with Article 55 paragraph (1) to 1 of the Criminal Code in the SUBSIDAIR ACCOUNT.

Bioethanol Production from Office Waste Paper

In this study, office waste paper was utilized as the raw material for production of bioethanol. Experimental studies have been carried out cellulose to sugar by acid hydrolysis. Acid hydrolysis of waste paper to sugar was carried out 121?C with 5%(v/v) sulfuric acid with the volume of 100ml, 200ml and 5,10,15 g of office waste paper to obtain the best yield of hydrolysate. After adjustment of pH with 5M of sodium hydroxide solution, fermentation was investigated using Saccharomyces Cerevisiae to convert sugar to bioethanol and produced 0.033 g/ml of maximum sugar with 150 rpm for overnight at room temperature. The viability of cell was not the only factor influencing fermentation. The operation time for hydrolysis, adjustment of pH, amount of yeast and rate of aeration during fermentation a was a key interactive factor resulting in ethanol accumulation.

Waste paper as a viable sustainable source for cellulosic extraction by chlorine free bleaching and acid hydrolysis method for the production of PVA-starch/cellulose based biocomposites

Cellulose nanofibers have displayed great promise for enhancing the mechanical and physical characteristics of polymer composites. Viable sustainable source such as office waste papers were used for the extraction of cellulose The cellulose was isolated using an alkali treatment followed by chlorine free bleaching, and acid hydrolysis method. This is followed by homogenization. The obtained cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) were carefully studied for its structure, morphology, and thermal properties. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/starch composite films were prepared with isolated CNC (1, 3 and 5 wt%) by solution casting method. CNC added to polymer composites increased the film's mechanical strength and barrier characteristics. Films were characterised by), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The film exhibited excellent barrier properties and mechanical properties which is desirable for food packaging applications. Successful isolation of CNCs derived from waste paper enhanced the use of waste paper's fibre resources, resulting in increased economic advantages.

Penerapan Green Office pada Food and Beverage Department dalam Peningkatan Kepedulian Lingkungan di Sheraton Bandung Hotel & Towers

The tourism industry is one of the largest industries in the world, environmentally friendly tourism has now become the trend most in demand by world tourists. The food and beverage department is closely related to the cleanliness and satisfaction of guests because it is responsible for food and beverages. Green office is one of the efforts of the food and beverage department in creating a clean, beautiful, comfortable work environment, as well as healthy and does not interfere with the surrounding environment. Using qualitative descriptive research methods, this study aims to find out how the application of green office in the food and beverage department and how it relates to efforts to increase environmental awareness. Five indicators of the application of the green office concept used, namely, electricity savings, water savings and conservation, office waste management, greening, other effort. The result showed that in a score of 80% which shows that the application of the green office concept in the food and beverage department at Sheraton Bandung Hotel & Towers is quite implemented. The distribution of the level of implementation in accordance with the implementation indicators is electricity savings (75%), water savings and conservation (75%), office waste management (100%), greening (50%), other efforts (100%). With the implementation of green office, Sheraton Bandung Hotel & Towers can increase concern for the environment as evidenced by the decrease in electricity costs by 0.34% per year from before the implementation of the green office.

Redesigning the appearance of recycled containers for packaging applications: The effect of paper waste physicochemical properties on the performance of paperboards with obvious recycled content

AbstractSignificant efforts have been made over the past decade to facilitate the recognition of environmentally friendly packaging and promote sustainability. Yet, consumers remain confused by the excess of labels and claims used to communicate sustainability. In our previous work, we modified the appearance of recycled fibre‐based packaging by incorporating visible particles of fibre‐based waste. This strategy enabled consumers to better identify packages with a high recyclability level, enhancing their environmental perception towards sustainable products. However, the incorporation of such large waste particles proved to be detrimental to the mechanical properties of the paperboards. In this study, we further investigate the influence of the physicochemical properties of the added fibre‐based waste on packaging performance. Using a similar strategy to enhance the environmental perception, we herein studied the effect of mixed office waste (MOW), old magazines (OMG), and polylactic acid (PLA) paper cups. The presence of hydrophobic and difficult‐to‐process and difficult‐to‐disperse waste, such as the PLA paper cups, significantly altered the mechanical performance of the paperboards, whereas more hydrophilic and easy‐to‐disintegrate waste (MOW and OMG) had a lesser effect regardless of the size of the particles. Strength agents such as cationic starch (CS) and cellulose microfibrils (CMFs) successfully restored the properties of the paperboards containing MOW and OMG but were less effective for PLA paper cups. A multi‐ply strategy overcame the limitations of CS and CMFs using the redesigned paperboard as an outer ply for aesthetic purposes and a 100% recycled inner ply for restoring strength.

Cellulase Production by Pseudomonas fluorescens from Hexane Pretreated Waste Papers

The organic content in most of the municipal solid wastes primarily consists of post-consumer waste papers which are rich source of carbohydrates. The present study has focused on investigation of cellulase production by Pseudomonas fluorescens from different types of waste papers namely waste office paper (WOP), waste cardboard (WCB), waste newspaper (WNP) and waste tea cup (WTC) after pre-treatment with n-hexane. The waste papers at a solid loading of 5% (w/v) produced glucose in the range of 5.24 g/L (WTC) to 6.43 g/L (WOP) from n-hexane pre-treatment at 80oC for 30 minutes. The structural changes of pre-treated waste papers were studied by using Scanning Electron Microscope. Pseudomonas fluorescens (10% v/w) inoculated to pre-treated waste papers with 70% moisture content was able to produce maximum cellulase at 15 days of incubation with 5.10 CMCase/mL from WOP followed by cardboard and newspaper with similar production of 4.03 CMCase/mL and WTC with production of 3.82 CMCase/mL.

Optimization of endoglucanase-lipase-amylase enzyme consortium from Thermomyces lanuginosus VAPS25 using Multi-Objective genetic algorithm and their bio-deinking applications

In this study, the enzyme consortium of endoglucanase, lipase, and amylase was obtained and optimized using artificial intelligence-based tools. After optimization using a multi-objective genetic algorithm and artificial neural network, the enzyme activity was 8.8 IU/g, 153.68 U/g, and 19.2 IU/g for endoglucanase, lipase, and amylase, respectively, using Thermomyces lanuginosus VAPS25. The highest enzyme activity was obtained at parameters 77.69% moisture content, 52.7 °C temperature, 98 h, and 3.1 eucalyptus leaves: wheat bran ratio. The endoglucanase-lipase-amylase (END-LIP-AMY) enzyme consortium showed reliable characteristics in terms of catalytic activity at 50–80 °C and pH 6.0–9.0. The increase in deinking efficiency of 27.8% and 11.1% were obtained compared to control for mixed office waste and old newspaper, respectively, using the enzyme consortium. The surface chemical composition and fiber morphology of deinked pulp was investigated using Attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

Multi-efficient endoglucanase from Aspergillus niger MPS25 and its potential applications in saccharification of wheat straw and waste paper deinking

The deinking in the paper industry is in great demand, and microbial enzymes are key players. In the present study, the endoglucanase production from newly isolated fungi Aspergillus niger MPS25 is reported. The optimization of endoglucanase production was carried out using one factor at a time approach resulting in endoglucanase activity (2.37 IU/ml) at 45 °C and pH 8 in submerged fermentation (SmF), which shows optimum enzyme activity at 60 °C. Interestingly, the metal ions viz. Co2+ stimulated the endoglucanase activity, whereas Mn2+ reduced the enzyme activity, which shows that this enzyme can be used for effluent treatment released through deinking. The enzymatic hydrolysis of wheat straw produced 26.96 ± 0.108 mg/g of reducing sugars, indicating its potential in saccharification and the biofuel industry. Furthermore, the validation of the deinking efficiency of this enzyme resulted in improved deinking of mixed office waste and old newspapers by 31.5% and 20.4%, respectively. The strength properties, viz. burst factor and tear index, breaking length, and tensile index of the handmade paper sheets, were also improved which were analyzed by the scanning electron micrographs. The FTIR and XRD analysis of pulp provided insights into the changes in functional groups and cellulose crystallinity, respectively. These results indicate that multi-efficient endoglucanase from Aspergillus niger MPS25 is suitable for enzyme-based eco-friendly deinking for waste paper recycling and lignocellulosic biomass saccharification.

Determination of Physical and Mechanical Properties of Waste Paper Boards Supported by Wood Chips and Chopped E-glass Fiber

Today, legal regulations, along with social awareness, have made waste management a necessity. Depending on the type of waste, technological developments have enabled an increase in the number of approaches, e.g., reusing, recycling, and manufacturing of different products. In this study, low-density boards were produced using different proportions of office waste paper, wood chips, and chopped E-glass fiber. Waste paper and glass fiber formed the middle layer of the boards and wood chips comprised the surface layers. The density, water absorption, and thickness swelling properties of the boards were investigated. Among the mechanical properties, the modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity, and internal bond strength were determined. The use of wastepaper led to a reduction in the modulus of rupture and modulus of elasticity of the boards. An increase in the glass fiber ratio contributed positively to the water absorption and thickness swelling properties, whereas it directly led to decreases in the internal bond strength, and the modulus of rupture and modulus of elasticity values. Nonetheless, the low-density boards were able to meet the minimum modulus of rupture and modulus of elasticity specified in ANSI 208.1 standards, while only one variation met the IB requirements.