Offensive Performance Research Articles

Effect of compound exercises on the performance of some offensive skills for junior basketball

It is necessary to focus on training those abilities and using auxiliary training methods in exercises that simulate individual or group offensive performance with the cooperation of two or three players among basketball players for the junior category, as it is the reliable category in the future as the bond and the main pillar of the national teams, so attention must be paid to this age group by preparing Complex exercises linking the physical and skill side to advance the level of Iraqi basketball, as its development in the early stages of life through general physical exercises leads to reaching a high level of performance ability. The first is to enrich scientific research in the sports field by providing new knowledge information that can be used, and the second is that the data that the researcher will obtain through her study will be an important reference for many researchers and trainers to benefit from.

Analysis of offensive performance during exclusions in female senior handball

ABSTRACT This study aimed to analyse offensive performance during exclusions in an elite female handball tournament concerning the different numerical inequality contexts. All exclusions sanctioned (n = 319) during all matches from 2018 Female Euro (n = 47) were studied using an observational methodology. Teams´ performance variables were analysed via nominal regression test and correspondence analysis. Superiority, playing inferiority with Goalkeeper at goal (GK at goal), or Empty Net (EN) were the numerical contexts of players on the court studied. Results showed that teams tend to use 1st, 2nd, and 3er waves; to end with shots and to use a 3:3 (2 pivots) offensive system when playing during superiority. Teams performing inferiority context tend to end with a shot (but not score) when playing GK at goal and in turnovers when playing EN. Teams using the EN strategy tend to receive counterattacks after finalising their attacks. It can be concluded that teams showed a tendency of increasing the use of playing with EN during inferiority contexts. The coaches’ decision of changing the GK for a court player during inferiority needs to be trained to reduce the turnovers, and then the counterattacks received as a consequence.

Multidimensional analysis of players’ responses in basketball small-sided games: The impact of changing game rules

This study followed a cross-sectional design and aimed to compare the offensive and defensive tactical-technical actions and the physical and physiological responses between four 3vs.3 basketball small-sided games (SSGs) played on the half-court: with regular rules (3vs.3REGULAR), with defensive pressure (3vs.3DEFPRESS), with the close-shot rule (3vs.3CLOSESHOT), and with offensive numerical superiority (4vs.3). Fifty-one U-14 and U-15 male athletes participated in the study. They were divided into 3-player teams and played one 4-min bout of each SSG type. Heart rate and the time spent in four acceleration zones (0.0–0.5, 0.5–1.0, 1.0–1.5, and 1.5–2.0 g) were recorded using heart rate monitors and triaxial accelerometers. SSGs were filmed for the analysis of Space Creation Dynamics and defensive tactical-technical actions. Results showed a higher frequency of space creation without the ball and a mean number of passes per offense in the 4vs.3, with this SSG showing higher offensive performance than the 3vs.3CLOSESHOT (large effect sizes). Defensive behavior was significantly impacted by all rules: in general, 4vs.3 presented the highest frequency of closeouts, 3vs.3DEFPRESS increased the frequency of close off-ball marking and the 3vs.3CLOSESHOT increased the frequency of double-teaming, all differences presenting large effect sizes. Heart rate and the time spent in moderate and high accelerations (zones 2 and 3) were the highest with defensive pressure and the lowest with numerical superiority; heart rate and accelerations in the close-shot rule are higher than in numerical superiority but similar to the 3vs.3REGULAR. We concluded that the SSGs investigated in this study can stimulate different offensive and defensive actions and be used to develop the performance of basketball athletes.

Salivary hormone concentrations and technical-tactical performance indicators in beach volleyball: Preliminary evidence

The present study aimed to investigate (i) differences in salivary testosterone and cortisol concentrations before, during, and after simulated beach volleyball match, depending on match outcome (winning vs. losing); (ii) the relationship between technical-tactical performance indicators in beach volleyball and salivary hormonal concentrations (i.e., testosterone, cortisol). We hypothesized (i) salivary testosterone concentrations would be greater in winners and salivary cortisol would be lower; (ii) testosterone would associate with positive technical-tactical performance and cortisol would associate with negative technical-tactical performance. Sixteen athletes participated in the study and were grouped according to the result of a simulated game (winners: n = 8; losers: n = 8). Salivary hormone concentration of testosterone and cortisol were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (pre-match, post first set, and post-match), and the coefficient of performance and efficiency were used as technical-tactical performance indicators. Regarding testosterone, there was a large effect size for match outcome after the first set (i.e., Winner vs. Losers) and a moderate effect size for the time in winners (pre-match vs. post-match). Regarding cortisol, there was a moderate effect size of time in losers only (pre-match vs. post-match). Moreover, cortisol pre-match was negatively correlated with the offensive performance (attack performance coefficient: r = −0.541; p = 0.030; attack efficiency: r = −0.568; p = 0.022). In conclusion, the effect of match outcome on testosterone and cortisol levels was moderate in winners and losers, respectively. Moreover, resting cortisol concentration appears to be related to a diminished attack technical-tactical performance. However, larger confirmatory studies are required to confirm these data to corroborate winning increases testosterone levels and/or reduces cortisol in a sporting setting.

Does disallowing body checking impact offensive performance in non-elite under-15 and under-18 youth ice hockey leagues? A video-analysis study

Policy that disallows body checking (BC) lowers the injury and concussion rate for youth ice hockey players. However, little is known about how disallowing BC influences in-game metrics of performance. This prospective cohort video-analysis study examined offensive performance in Under-15 (ages 13–14) and Under-18 (ages 15–17) youth ice hockey players in leagues allowing and disallowing BC. Fifty-two games were filmed (n = 13 BC, n = 13 non-BC) for Under-15 and Under-18 non-elite (lowest 60% and 45% divisions, respectively) divisions in Calgary, Canada. Footage was analyzed for offensive performance metrics on the puck-carrier using the validated ice hockey adapted team sport assessment procedure. Puck metrics included how the player acquired puck possession (e.g. conquered puck from an opponent, received pass from a teammate) and the outcome (e.g. shot on goal, lost puck to opponent). The puck metrics were used to compute a performance composite score for each player that accounted for the quantity (rate of puck possessions per shift time) and quality (a ratio of positive performance metrics to all metrics) of play. Mean difference's (MD) in performance composite scores were compared using multivariable linear regression (adjusted for player position and cluster by team-game) between leagues allowing and disallowing BC for both age groups. Analyses revealed no significant MD in the performance composite scores between players in BC and non-BC leagues for both age groups (Under-15: MD = 0.02, 95%CI: −0.08, 0.12; Under-18: MD = −0.06, 95%CI: −0.16, 0.03). These findings suggest no differences in offensive performance when BC is disallowed in Under-15 and Under-18 non-elite leagues.

How reliable are the tactical measures obtained in soccer small-sided games? A test-retest analysis of observational instruments and GPS-based variables

This study investigated the test-retest reliability in both within and between-session reliability of commonly adopted tactical measures in small-sided games. GPS-based and observational tactical variables from three instruments were collected from a 4 versus 4 small-sided game played by 16 U-17 elite players. The games were played three times in the same training session (within-session reliability) and repeated after 1 week (between-session reliability). The reliability of the data was analyzed by calculating the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) and the Standard Error of Measurement (SEM) for all dependent variables. Results showed good-to-excellent reliability and a low error for GPS-based tactical variables, mainly the width and length positioning (ICC > 0.9, SEM < 10%, p < 0.05). Observational variables showed poor-to-moderate reliability, except the offensive performance measured by the FUT-SAT in the between-session analysis. It is concluded that GPS-based tactical variables show acceptable reliability and might be used for talent identification and training outputs assessment in soccer. The variability inherent to small-sided games is associated with both the open nature of the task and poor measurement quality. Increasing the quality of the instruments will likely provide a better view of the actual variability of this training tool.

Franco-British military co-operation in the Great Gas War 1915-1918

Because the Anglophone historiography has tended to marginalize the French contribution to the allied chemical war during the Great War 1914-1918, this study has attempted to re-balance the historical narrative by emphasizing the collective nature and importance of this joint Franco-British enterprise. By interrogating a raft of under-utilized primary evidence in the French and British archives, elements of the two armies’ defensive and offensive gas warfare performance have been reassessed through the co-operation prism. The investigation demonstrates how closely, comprehensively, and effectively the two allies worked together in chemical weapon production and exchange, research and development, anti-gas protection, and indirect battlefield applications.

The Effect of a training program in developing offensive skill performance and tactical thinking of basketball juniors 3×3

The Effect of a training program in developing offensive skill performance and tactical thinking of basketball juniors 3×3

Amplifying perceptual demands: How changes in the colour vests affect youth players performance during medium-sided games.

This study explored how manipulating the colour of training vests affects footballers’ individual and collective performance during a Gk+6vs6+Gk medium-sided game. A total of 21 under-17 years old players were involved in three experimental conditions in a random order for a total of four days: i) CONTROL, two teams using two different colour vests; ii) SAME, both teams wearing blue vests; iii) MIXED, all 6 players per team wore different colour vests. Players’ positional data was used to compute time-motion and tactical-related variables, while video analysis was used to collect technical variables. Further, these variables were synchronized with spatiotemporal data allowing to capture ball-related actions in a horizontal 2D plan. All variables were analysed from the offensive and defensive perspective. From the offensive perspective, players performed more and further shots to goal during the CONTROL than in SAME and MIXED (small effects) conditions, with a decreased distance to the nearest defender (small effects). While defending, results revealed lower distance to the nearest teammate (small effects) in the CONTROL than in the SAME and MIXED conditions, and higher team longitudinal synchronization (small effects). In addition, the CONTROL showed in general lower values of team width while defending than in the other 2 conditions. Overall, coaches may use the CONTROL condition to emphasize offensive performance and defensive behaviour over the longitudinal direction with increased physical demands. In turn, coaches may use the manipulation of players vests to emphasize defensive performance, as players seem to behave more cohesively under such scenarios.

Effect of Achilles Tendon Repair on Performance Outcomes Following Return to Play in NCAA Division I Basketball Athletes

Category:Sports; AnkleIntroduction/Purpose:Achilles tendon ruptures are devastating injuries highly prevalent among athletes. Despite our understanding of the impact of Achilles tendon rupture in professional athletes, and in particular its relationship to basketball, no study has examined the effect of Achilles tendon rupture on performance metrics in National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I basketball players.Methods:NCAA Division I basketball players who sustained a surgically repaired Achilles tendon rupture between the 2000 and 2019 seasons were identified by systematic evaluation of individual injury reports from the NCAA career statistics and individual school statistics databases. 65 male and 41 female players were identified. Athletes were included if they participated in at least one collegiate season before tearing their Achilles tendon, and at least one season after operative repair. A total of 50 male and 30 female athletes were ultimately included in the analysis. Each injured athlete was matched to a healthy control by conference, position, starter-status at time of injury, class year, and number of games played. Matched controls were healthy players and experienced no significant injuries during their NCAA careers.Results:Following Achilles tendon rupture and subsequent surgical repair, male athletes played significantly more minutes per game (19.7 vs. 22.6, p=0.017), scored more points per game (6.7 vs 7.9, p=0.024), and had more assists per game (1.4 vs. 1.7, p=0.036), when compared to their pre-injury statistics. The only area of worsened athletic performance following injury was total blocks, which significantly decreased post-injury (18.1 vs. 10.2, p=0.004). Matched healthy controls demonstrated a higher percent change in assists per game (+39.0% vs +21.8%, p=0.036) and total blocks (+55.1% vs -43.5%, p=0.031) between the matched pre- injury and post-injury periods. Female athletes scored significantly more points per game after returning from injury (7.6 vs 6.3, p=0.032) but demonstrated a significantly lower 3-point shooting percentage (10% vs. 20%, p=0.047).Conclusion:Male athletes who returned to play following Achilles tendon rupture demonstrated significant increases in various offensive performance metrics, while suffering a significant decrease in total blocks. Female athletes demonstrated a significant improvement in points per game following Achilles tendon rupture, but suffered a significant decline in 3-point shooting percentage. Despite suffering an Achilles tendon rupture, 14% of the male cohort reached the NBA, and 16.7% of the female cohort reached the WNBA.

The effectiveness of special exercises in reducing violations in offensive skillful performance for youth basketball players

Background: The research problem was determined by the unsatisfactory level and results of Al-Hilla Basketball Club youth players in 2018/2019 season. Objective: Determine the cause of the weakness that was present in the offensive skill performance, it was necessary to determine the rates of violations in skill performance. As the researchers didn’t find a scientific research that dealt with the ratios of the effect of violations offensive performance and the goal of the research is to determine the proportions and type of offensive violations skill performance of youth players in basketball, and setting especial exercises according to the quality and rate of offensive violations performance of youth basketball players as well as Identify the effect of special exercises in reducing the rate of violation in the offensive skill performance of youth basketball players. Methods: Experimental approach in the design the two groups of pre and posttest was used for its suitability to the research type. The researchers chose a community and a sample of study by the complete census, which was represented by all youth players of Al-Hilla Sports Club 2018/2019, their total number were (12) players, and they were divided into two equal groups, control and the experimental group, (6) players for each, tests were conducted from 2/11/2018 to 6/6/2019 at Martyr Hamza Nuri Sport Hall Babylon. The researchers used some means and tools, (Arabic and foreign sources and references, Observation, score box, Computer and CDs), that helped in set up the research. Conclusions: There were a variation and difference in the percentages of the type of offensive violation performance of the players and special exercises have a positive effect in developing and reducing the percentages of offensive violation.

The dynamics of developing the speed of the feet movements through using the cycling of stretch- shortening, and its impact on the level of the offensive performance of wrestlers

The dynamics of developing the speed of the feet movements through using the cycling of stretch- shortening, and its impact on the level of the offensive performance of wrestlers

How the Number of Players and Floaters’ Positioning Changes the Offensive Performance during Futsal Small-Sided and Conditioned Games

This study aims to analyse the effects of floater positioning within futsal Gk + 3vs3 + Gk and Gk + 2vs2 + Gk small-sided and conditioned games (SSCG) on youth offensive performance on an action per minute per player basis. Three experimental conditions were carried out through the manipulation of floater positioning: floaters off (FO), final line floaters (FLF) and lateral floaters (LF). Thirty male futsal players (U19 age category) participated in the study and played once within each situation in a random order on different days. Offensive performance based on “action per minute per player” was analysed through indirect and external systematic observation. Results showed significant differences between both SSCGs (2vs2 and 3vs3). Specifically, according to the game principles analysed, 3vs3 is associated with higher values of passing and dribbling action to progress towards the goal without beating a defensive line (moderate to large effect size), while 2vs2 is associated with higher values of passing and dribbling actions that beating a defensive line (moderate to very large effect size). In addition, 2vs2 is associated with dribbling and shooting actions to shoot at goal with the lowest level of opposition (moderate effect size). Indeed, whilst the 2vs2 game format seems to promote more 1vs1 situations, the 3vs3 game format encourages more ball possession and collective tactical behaviours. Thus, training tasks intended to improve dribbling and shooting actions should use a smaller number of players whereas tasks intended to improve passing actions for ball possession should include a higher number of players with or without floaters. It seems that the number of players can influence the tactical behaviour of the team. These findings should be considered for the design of futsal training tasks, according to the main objective of the training session. For example, if the coach aims to promote the number of dribbles and shots within a SSCG, 2vs2 SSCG situations should be prioritised.

The effect of psychological endurance exercises on developing the skills of serving and spoiling with volleyball for cups players

The importance of research is evident in providing psychological preparation requirements, including psychological endurance exercises, volleyball, as well as developing scientific information to identify the concept of nose endurance and the effect of its exercises on the development of offensive skill performance. the players. The objectives of the research 1-were the preparation of psychological endurance exercises in teaching and developing the skills of serving and crushing volley ball.2-Identify the effect of psychological endurance training on teaching and developing the skills of serving and spiking volley ball. The most important conclusions:1- The use of psychological endurance exercises is important and essential to raise the level of taskand basic to raise the level of performance of the skills of spiking and spiking volley ball for beginners.2- Training for young age group is essential for raising the level of psychological endurance early and the player’s ability to apply difficult skillful performance as well as informing the skills of spiking and spiking with volley ball. It was recommended to:Adopt1- psychological endurance exercises in training ,as they are important and essential to raise the level of performance of the skills of spiking and spiking with volley ball.2-Emphasis on training for age groups as they are essential in order to raise confidence and the players ability to apply difficult skillful performance as well as the performance of the two skills of crushing and spoiling with volleyball.

Effect of the Dynamic Lactate Style to Developing Defensive and Offensive Performance Endurance for Handball Players Under 19 Years

The importance of the research lies in the application of a modern training method for training handball inorder to raise the player’s physiological and skill efficiency throughout the game and maintain a constantlevel of performance and resistance to fatigue, especially the ability to perform with the presence of lacticacid and benefit from it after converting it to energy. The research aims: To identify the effect of the dynamiclactate method on developing the tolerance for defensive and offensive performance of handball playersunder 19 years of age. The researchers used the experimental design with two groups of experimental andcontrol, with pre and post- test, for its suitability to the nature of the problem. The researcher identifiedthe research community with handball players in the Karbala Sports Club for the youth category of under19 years of age for the 2020-2021 training season, whose number is (16) players. By (7) players for eachgroup. As for the most important conclusions, the results of this study demonstrated the effectiveness of thedynamic lactate method in developing endurance of defensive and offensive performance with handballamong the players of the research sample, while the recommendations were, the researchers recommendedthat the dynamic lactate method should be used in the training units..

Losing the Home Field Advantage When Playing Behind Closed Doors During COVID-19: Change or Chance?

Due to restrictions against the COVID-19 pandemic, spectators were not allowed to attend soccer matches at the end of the 2019/2020 season. Previous studies suggest that the absence of a home crowd changes the home field advantage in terms of match outcomes, offensive performance, and referee decisions. However, because of the small sample sizes, these changes may be random rather than meaningful. To test this, we created 1,000,000 randomized samples from the previous four seasons with the exact same number of matches played behind closed doors in Europe’s four most elite soccer leagues at the end of the 2019/2020 season. We found that across countries (Germany, Spain, Italy, and England), performance indices and referee decisions (except red cards) indeed changed to the detriment of the home team beyond the level of chance. However, this overall pattern could be ascribed to specific countries. Most importantly, the proportion of points won by the home teams declined significantly only in Germany, which was accompanied by a meaningful increase in (1) the proportion of goals scored by the away teams and (2) the proportion of yellow cards given to the home teams. We conclude that the home field advantage may indeed be lost when spectators are absent. However, in future studies, more detailed behavioral analyses are needed to determine the robustness and the behavioral determinants of this phenomenon across leagues and countries.

JUST IN TIME INVENTORY MANAGEMENT TECHNIQUE AND SUPPLY CHAIN PERFORMANCE IN PROCESSING FIRMS IN KENYA: A CASE OF CROWN PAINTS LIMITED

ABSTRACT The main objective of the study was to investigate the effect of just in time inventory management technique on supply chain performance in processing firms in Kenya with focus to Crown Paints Limited. This study analyzed several theories majoring on the deterministic inventory which deterministic models of stock control are utilized to decide the ideal stock levels in the company. This study adopted descriptive research design. Target population of this study was 279 staff working in various department at Crown Paints Limited. Stratified random sampling technique was used in this study to come up with a sample size of 81 respondents. Questionnaires were used to collect primary data. Qualitative and quantitative data was collected where quantitative data was coded in the SPSS (Version 22). Data has been presented using frequency tables and figures while interpretation has been done in prose form. Inferential statistics was used to establish relationship between just in time inventory management technique on supply chain performance. The study concluded that customer order cycle influence supply chain performance. There was significant relationship between customer order cycle and supply chain performance. The study concludes that supply chain cycle contributes to supply chain performance, and that there was significant relationship between supply chain cycle and supply chain performance. The study concludes that there was linear relationship between Takt Time and supply chain performance. There was significant influence of Takt Time on supply chain performance. The study concludes that pull system contributes to the supply chain performance. The study concludes that the overall significant relationship between pull system and supply chain performance. The study recommends that organizations should have multiple objectives like enhanced competitiveness, better customer service and increased profitability among other. To seek these objectives organizations should employ various defensive as well as offensive business performance improvement approaches. In order to receive an accurate result using takt time formula on supply chain performance, organizations should put both the production time available and the customer demand into frames. Goods should simply be produced according to the pace of consumption in the market a market demand-pull supply chain system.

The effect of special training on some physical-skill requirements associated with the offensive performance of karate kumite players

Karate is competitive sport that requires special skillful physical abilities, and karate is characterized by defensive and offensive methods, and considered one of the best sports in self-defense. The study aims to identify the effect of training day planning directive on some physical and skill requirements of kumite players - was applied in the hall of the Faculty of Physical Education for Men - Alexandria University- Egyptian national karate players under the age of 21 men. The study sample was deliberately chosen from the karate sport players specializing in the actual fighting competition 'comet' at the Olympic Sports Club, Victoria's Champions Club, Somuah Sports Club, and the Al-Jays Vanguards Club. The sample number for the study reached (6) players - It is also evident from the data is an effect on the development of the values of the physical-skill requirements under study for the offensive activity. The researchers refer to the application of the characteristics of the interval training method in the parallel method with the specialization in choosing exercises similar to the nature of skill performance within the training content with rationing and implementation. It has the training stations in the training unit, training it individually and enjoys privacy in implementation and selection according to the playing positions during the main part of the training unit, in addition to distributing the training load to the player in privacy and individuality, and thus coincided with the player's acceptance of the daily training load in a better way and its contents.

Efecto de un programa de entrenamiento táctico en fútbol juvenil: caso único

The objective is to determine the effect of a training program using an active method in youth football. The study had a unique case design with pretest and post-test measurements. The participants were 18 soccer players under 15 from a club in the city of Medellin (14,94±0,4 years; 166,33±0,05 cm; 54,09±5,96 kg; 19,52±1,56 Kg/m2; 0,98±1,15 years of experience). The intervention was carried out during 20 training units in 10 weeks, which had as learning contents the offensive tactical principles of evolution. The evaluations were following up of friendly football matches with a control group that had characteristics similar to the experimental group. The games were recorded and analyzed using a previously validated observation protocol. The analysis unit was made up of 605 ball recoveries and 301 offensive sequences in total. Pearson's chi-squared test (x2) was applied for the analysis of pre-post test differences. The results indicate a statistically significant increase in offensive performance (p = 0, 04) among the number of post-test offensive sequences compared to the pretest of the experimental group. It is recommended to use a training program based on the tactical component using the active method to increase offensive performance.

Influence of the use of resin on the speed and precision of handball throws

The handling of the ball is considered to be a determining factor in the precision and power of handball throws. To facilitate ball handling, the rules allow players to use an adhesive material called ‘resin’. The aim of the study was to analyse the influence of the resin on the throw velocity and accuracy, both in men and women in formative (U-18) and senior categories. The sample consisted of 46 players (31 men and 15 women) who performed a protocol of 6 distance throws with the intention of maximum velocity and accuracy. Randomly, each subject threw 3 times without resin and 3 times with resin. The results showed a higher velocity with the use of resin in the whole sample analysed. Throws with resin were 6.56% faster (p < 0,001). However, no significant differences in throwing accuracy were found (p > 0,05). Furthermore, no differences were found between the analysis subgroups (p > 0.05). The use of resin seems to be a determinant of throwing velocity. These results are highly applicable both in the field of sport training and for the evaluation of the importance of the throw in the offensive performance of a handball team.