Off-shell Supermultiplets Research Articles

Higher-spin gauge models with (1, 1) supersymmetry in AdS3 : Reduction to (1, 0) superspace

In three dimensions, there are two types of ${\cal N}=2$ anti-de Sitter (AdS) supersymmetry, which are denoted (1,1) and (2,0). They are characterised by different supercurrents and support different families of higher-spin gauge models (massless and massive) which were constructed in arXiv:1807.09098 and arXiv:1809.00802 for the (1,1) and (2,0) cases, respectively, using superspace techniques. It turns out that the precise difference between the (1,1) and (2,0) higher-spin supermultiplets can be pinned down by reducing these gauge theories to (1,0) AdS superspace. The present paper is devoted to the $(1,1) \to (1,0)$ AdS superspace reduction. In conjunction with the outcomes of the $(2,0) \to (1,0)$ AdS superspace reduction carried out in arXiv:1905.05050, we demonstrate that every known higher-spin theory with (1,1) or (2,0) AdS supersymmetry decomposes into a sum of two off-shell (1,0) supermultiplets which belong to four series of inequivalent higher-spin gauge models. The latter are reduced to components.

Field theories with (2,0) AdS supersymmetry in N=1 AdS superspace

In three dimensions, it is known that field theories possessing extended $(p,q)$ anti-de Sitter (AdS) supersymmetry with ${\cal N}=p+q \geq 3$ can be realised in (2,0) AdS superspace. Here we present a formalism to reduce every field theory with (2,0) AdS supersymmetry to ${\cal N}=1$ AdS superspace. As nontrivial examples, we consider supersymmetric nonlinear sigma models formulated in terms of ${\cal N}=2$ chiral and linear supermultiplets. The $(2,0) \to (1,0)$ AdS reduction technique is then applied to the off-shell massless higher-spin supermultiplets in (2,0) AdS superspace constructed in [1]. As a result, for each superspin value $\hat s$, integer $(\hat s= s)$ or half-integer $(\hat s= s+1/2)$, with $s=1,2,\dots $, we obtain two off-shell formulations for a massless ${\cal N}=1$ superspin-$\hat s$ multiplet in AdS${}_3$. These models prove to be related to each other by a superfield Legendre transformation in the flat superspace limit, but the duality is not lifted to the AdS case. Two out of the four series of ${\cal N}=1$ supersymmetric higher-spin models thus derived are new. The constructed massless ${\cal N}=1$ supersymmetric higher-spin actions in AdS${}_3$ are used to formulate (i) higher-spin supercurrent multiplets in ${\cal N}=1$ AdS superspace; and (ii) new topologically massive higher-spin off-shell supermultiplets. Examples of ${\cal N}=1$ higher-spin supercurrents are given for models of a complex scalar supermultiplet. We also present two new off-shell formulations for a massive ${\cal N}=1$ gravitino supermultiplet in AdS${}_3$.

Examples of 4D, 𝒩 = 2 holoraumy

We provide an introduction to the concepts of holoraumy tensors, Lorentz covariant four-dimensional “Gadgets,” and Gadget angles within the context of minimal off-shell 4D, [Formula: see text] supermultiplets. This is followed by the calculation of the holoraumy tensors, Gadgets, and Gadget angles for minimal off-shell supermultiplets. Four tetrahedrons in four 3D subspaces of the holoraumy lattice space are found.

Quaternion-K\xe4hler mathcal{N} = 4 supersymmetric mechanics

Using the mathcal{N} = 4, 1D harmonic superspace approach, we construct a new type of mathcal{N} = 4 supersymmetric mechanics involving 4n-dimensional Quaternion-Kähler (QK) 1D sigma models as the bosonic core. The basic ingredients of our construction are local mathcal{N} = 4,1D supersymmetry realized by the appropriate transformations in 1D harmonic superspace, the general mathcal{N} = 4, 1D superfield vielbein and a set of 2(n + 1) analytic “matter” superfields representing (n + 1) off-shell supermultiplets (4, 4, 0). Both superfield and component actions are given for the simplest QK models with the manifolds ℍHn = Sp(1, n)/[Sp(1) × Sp(n)] and ℍPn = Sp(1 + n)/[Sp(1) × Sp(n)] as the bosonic targets. For the general case the relevant superfield action and constraints on the (4, 4, 0) “matter” superfields are presented. Further generalizations are briefly discussed.

All (4,0): Sigma models with (4,0) off-shell supersymmetry

Off-shell (4, 0) supermultiplets in 2-dimensions are formulated. These are used to construct sigma models whose target spaces are vector bundles over manifolds that are hyperkähler with torsion. The off-shell supersymmetry implies that the complex structures are simultaneously integrable and allows us to write actions using extended superspace and projective superspace, giving an explicit construction of the target space geometries.

All (4,1): Sigma models with (4, q) off-shell supersymmetry

Off-shell (4, q) supermultiplets in 2-dimensions are constructed for q = 1, 2, 4. These are used to construct sigma models whose target spaces are hyperkähler with torsion. The off-shell supersymmetry implies the three complex structures are simultaneously integrable and allows us to construct actions using extended superspace and projective superspace, giving an explicit construction of the target space geometries.

SU (2|1) mechanics and harmonic superspace

We define the worldline harmonic superspace and its analytic subspace as a deformation of the flat harmonic superspace. The harmonic superfield description of the two mutually mirror off-shell supermultiplets is developed and the corresponding invariant actions are presented, as well as the relevant classical and quantum supercharges. Whereas the σ-model actions exist for both types of the multiplet, the invariant Wess–Zumino term can be defined only for one of them, thus demonstrating non-equivalence of these multiplets in the case as opposed to the flat supersymmetry. A superconformal subclass of general actions invariant under the trigonometric-type realizations of the supergroup is singled out. The superconformal Wess–Zumino actions are shown to possess an infinite-dimensional supersymmetry forming the centerless super Virasoro algebra. We solve a few simple instructive examples of the supersymmetric quantum mechanics of the multiplets and reveal the representation contents of the corresponding sets of the quantum states.

AQ-Continuum of Off-Shell Supermultiplets

Within each supermultiplet in the standard literature, supersymmetry relates its bosonic and fermionic component fields in a fixed way, particularly to the selected supermultiplet. Herein, we describe supermultiplets wherein acontinuously variable“tuning parameter” modifies the supersymmetry transformations, effectively parametrizing a novel “Q-continuum” of distinct finite-dimensional off-shell supermultiplets, which may be probed already with bilinear Lagrangians that couple to each other and to external magnetic fields, two or more of these continuously many supermultiplets, each “tuned” differently. The dependence on the tuning parameters cannot be removed by any field redefinition, rendering this “Q-moduli space” observable.

On Clifford-algebraic dimensional extension and SUSY holography

We analyze the group of maximal automorphisms of the N-extended worldline supersymmetry algebra, and its action on off-shell supermultiplets. This defines a concept of "holoraumy" that extends the notions of holonomy and curvature in a novel way and provides information about the geometry of the supermultiplet field-space. In turn, the "holoraumy" transformations of 0-brane dimensionally reduced supermultiplets provide information about Lorentz transformations in the higher-dimensional space–time from which the 0-brane supermultiplets are descended. Specifically, Spin(3) generators are encoded within 0-brane "holoraumy" tensors. Worldline supermultiplets are thus able to holographically encrypt information about higher-dimensional space–time geometry.

On supersymmetric Chern-Simons-type theories in five dimensions

We present a closed-form expression for the supersymmetric non-Abelian Chern-Simons action in conventional five-dimensional N=1 superspace. Our construction makes use of the superform formalism to generate supersymmetric invariants. Similar ideas are applied to construct supersymmetric actions for off-shell supermultiplets with an intrinsic central charge. In particular, the large tensor multiplet is described in superspace for the first time.

Off-shell invariant D = N = 2 twisted super Yang-Mills theory with a gauged central charge without constraints

We formulate N=2 twisted super Yang-Mills theory with a gauged central charge by superconnection formalism in two dimensions. We obtain off-shell invariant supermultiplets and actions with and without constraints, which is in contrast with the off-shell invariant D=N=4 super Yang-Mills formulation with unavoidable constraints.

ON SUPERMULTIPLET TWISTING AND SPIN-STATISTICS

Twisting of off-shell supermultiplets in models with (1+1)-dimensional spacetime has been discovered in 1984, and was shown to be a generic feature of off-shell representations in worldline supersymmetry two decades later. It is shown herein that in all supersymmetric models with spacetime of four or more dimensions, this off-shell supermultiplet twisting, if nontrivial, necessarily maps regular (non-ghost) supermultiplets to ghost supermultiplets. This feature is shown to be ubiquitous in all fully off-shell supersymmetric models with (BV/BRST-treated) constraints.

Weaving worldsheet supermultiplets from the worldlines within

Using the fact that every worldsheet is ruled by two (light-cone) copies of worldlines, the recent classification of off-shell supermultiplets of N-extended worldline supersymmetry is extended to construct standard off-shell and also unidextrous (on the half-shell) supermultiplets of worldsheet (p,q)-supersymmetry with no central extension. In the process, a new class of error-correcting (even-split doubly-even linear block) codes is introduced and classified for $p+q \leq 8$, providing a graphical method for classification of such codes and supermultiplets. This also classifies quotients by such codes, of which many are not tensor products of worldline factors. Also, supermultiplets that admit a complex structure are found to be depictable by graphs that have a hallmark twisted reflection symmetry.

Supersymmetry of the Schrödinger and pp-wave solutions in Einstein–Weyl supergravities

We obtain the Schrodinger and general pp-wave solutions with or without the massive vector in Einstein-Weyl supergravity. The vector is an auxiliary field in the off-shell supermultiplet and it acquires a kinetic term in the Weyl-squared super invariant. We study the supersymmetry of these solutions and find that turning on the massive vector has a consequence of breaking all the supersymmetry. The Schrodinger and also the pp-wave solutions with the massive vector turned off on the other hand preserve 1/4 of the supersymmetry.

Vector-tensor supermultiplets in AdS and supergravity

In N = 2 Poincare supersymmetry in four space-time dimensions, there exist off-shell supermultiplets with intrinsic central charge, including the important examples of the Fayet-Sohnius hypermultiplet, the linear and the nonlinear vector-tensor (VT) multiplets. One can also define similar supermultiplets in the context of N = 2 anti-de Sitter (AdS) supersymmetry, although the origin of the central charge becomes somewhat obscure. In this paper we develop a general setting for N = 2 AdS supersymmetric theories with central charge. We formulate a supersymmetric action principle in N = 2 AdS superspace and then reformulate it in terms of N = 1 superfields. We prove that N = 2 AdS supersymmetry does not allow existence of a linear VT multiplet. For the nonlinear VT multiplet, we derive consistent superfield constraints in the presence of any number of N = 2 Yang-Mills vector multiplets, give the supersymmetric action and elaborate on the N = 1 superfield and component descriptions of the theory. Our description of the nonlinear VT multiplet in AdS is then lifted to N = 2 supergravity. Moreover, we derive consistent superfield constraints and Lagrangian that describe the linear VT multiplet in N = 2 supergravity in the presence of two vector multiplets, one of which gauges the central charge. These supergravity constructions thus provide the first superspace formulation for the component results derived in arXiv:hep-th/9710212. We also construct higher-derivative couplings of the VT multiplet to any number of N = 2 tensor multiplets.

A SUPERFIELD FOR EVERY DASH-CHROMOTOPOLOGY

The recent classification scheme of so-called adinkraic off-shell supermultiplets of N-extended worldline supersymmetry without central charges finds a combinatorial explosion. Completing our earlier efforts, we now complete the constructive proof that all of these trillions or more of supermultiplets have a superfield representation. While different as superfields and supermultiplets, these are still super-differentially related to a much more modest number of minimal supermultiplets, which we construct herein.

4D 𝒩 = 2 supergravity and projective superspace

This paper presents a projective superspace formulation for 4D N = 2 matter-coupled supergravity. We first describe a variant superspace realization for the N = 2 Weyl multiplet. It differs from that proposed by Howe in 1982 by the choice of the structure group (SO(3,1) x SU(2) versus SO(3,1) x U(2)), which implies that the super-Weyl transformations are generated by a covariantly chiral parameter instead of a real unconstrained one. We introduce various off-shell supermultiplets which are curved superspace analogues of the superconformal projective multiplets in global supersymmetry and which describe matter fields coupled to supergravity. A manifestly locally supersymmetric and super-Weyl invariant action principle is given. Off-shell locally supersymmetric nonlinear sigma models are presented in this new superspace.

Superfield formulation of nonlinearN=4supermultiplets

We propose a unified superfield formulation of $N=4$ off-shell supermultiplets in one spacetime dimension using the standard $N=4$ superspace. The main idea of our approach is a gluing together of two linear supermultiplets along their fermions. The functions defining such a gluing obey a system of equations. Each solution of this system provides a new supermultiplet, linear or nonlinear, modulo equivalence transformations. In such a way we reproduce all known linear and nonlinear $N=4$, $d=1$ supermultiplets and propose some new ones. Particularly interesting is an explicit construction of nonlinear $N=4$ hypermultiplets.

Five-dimensional superfield supergravity

We present a projective superspace formulation for matter-coupled simple supergravity in five dimensions. Our starting point is the superspace realization for the minimal supergravity multiplet proposed by Howe in 1981. We introduce various off-shell supermultiplets (i.e. hypermultiplets, tensor and vector multiplets) that describe matter fields coupled to supergravity. A projective-invariant action principle is given, and specific dynamical systems are constructed including supersymmetric nonlinear sigma-models. We believe that this approach can be extended to other supergravity theories with eight supercharges in D⩽6 space–time dimensions, including the important case of 4D N=2 supergravity.

5D supergravity and projective superspace

This paper is a companion to our earlier work arXiv:0710.3440 in which the projective superspace formulation for matter-coupled simple supergravity in five dimensions was presented. For the minimal multiplet of 5D N=1 supergravity introduced by Howe in 1981, we give a complete solution of the Bianchi identities. The geometry of curved superspace is shown to allow the existence of a large family of off-shell supermultiplets that can be used to describe supersymmetric matter, including vector multiplets and hypermultiplets. We formulate a manifestly locally supersymmetric action principle. Its natural property turns out to be the invariance under so-called projective transformations of the auxiliary isotwistor variables. We then demonstrate that the projective invariance allows one to uniquely restore the action functional in a Wess-Zumino gauge. The latter action is well-suited for reducing the supergravity-matter systems to components.